Who can tell us about Mao Wenlong?

Mao Wenlong

Biography

Mao Wenlong, also known as Zhennan, was born in Taiping County, Pingyang Prefecture, Shanxi Province. His grandfather Mao Yushan moved his family to Hangzhou. He was born on the eleventh day of the first lunar month in the fourth year of Wanli (1576) in Zhongxiao Lane, Renhe County, Hangzhou Prefecture. When he was nine years old, his father Mao Wei passed away, and his family fell into poverty. Mao Wenlong "learned from a young age and learned classics to make a career [1]". Later, seeing that the country was in danger, he followed the example of the ancient Ban Chao and joined the army. In the thirty-third year of Wanli (1605), he was recommended by his uncle Shen Guangzuo to go to the border for training and became a personal soldier of Ning Yuanbo Li Chengliang. In September of the same year, he ranked sixth in the Zhongwu Rural Examination and was awarded the position of Anshan Hundred Households. Soon he was promoted to Qianzong, garrison. In the seventeenth year of Wanli (1619), Xiong Tingbi visited Liaodong. Mao Wenlong made many military exploits and was deeply appreciated by him, and was promoted to the capital. In the first year of Tianqi (1621), he was promoted to guerrilla and was dispatched by Wang Huazhen, the governor of Liaodong. He led 197 warriors deep behind enemy lines and regained 2,000 miles of coastline. In August, he conquered Zhenjiang and captured Hou Jin Guerrilla Tong to cultivate his character. Soon after, he regained the six forts of Kuandian, Kuoyang, Damian, Xindian, Yongdian and Changdian that had been abandoned by Li Chengliang. The army became famous and he was promoted to deputy commander-in-chief. Subsequently, using Pidao and Kuanjue Mountains as bases, they penetrated deep into the hinterland of Houjin many times and repeatedly defeated the enemy. In June of the second year of Tianqi (1622), the imperial court promoted him to the chief military officer of Pingliao General, and he was given the seal of the former general for conquering captives. In February of the third year of Tianqi (1623), Shang Fangjian was granted and given the title of Governor Qianshi. In August, the dispatch department sent Zhang Pan to regain Jinzhou, Lushun, Wanghai Fort, and Hongzui Fort. In September, he led his troops to attack the outlying fortresses of Hetuala, the old capital of the Later Jin Dynasty, and successively achieved great victories at Niumaozhai and Wujiguan, which was highly praised by the governor Sun Chengzong. In October, Zhang Pan was ordered to regain Fuzhou and Yongning. In the fourth year of Tianqi (1624), Nurhachi sent people to negotiate peace with Mao Wenlong. Mao Wenlong kidnapped the envoy and sent him to the capital, and the court promoted him to the title of Crown Prince, Taibao and Left Governor. In January of the fifth year of Tianqi (1625), Lin Maochun was sent to recapture Xuancheng and Chuantieyu City. In the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1627), Emperor Taiji of the Later Jin Dynasty came to the throne. In order to relieve the troubles of his confidants, he sent Beile Amin, Jier Harang and others to lead an army to attack Mao Wenlong and North Korea, which is known as the "Battle of Dingmao" in history. Mao Wenlong "won five out of five battles[2]" and severely damaged Xianglan Banner, which Hou Jin served as the main offensive force, causing it to lose its combat effectiveness. Two years later, it failed to follow Huang Taiji southward. In October of the first year of Chongzhen (1628), he persuaded General Liu Xingzuo of the Later Jin Dynasty to return to his rightful ways, and sent his generals Kong Youde, Qu Chengen and others to travel thousands of miles deep into the fortress of Sarhu of the Later Jin Dynasty. He cooperated with Liu Xingzuo's brother Liu Xingzhi and others inside and outside to break the city, " Killed three thousand people, captured sixty-nine people [3]", and returned with a great victory. On the fifth day of June in the second year of Chongzhen (1629), he was killed in Shuangdao by the imperial edict of Yuan Chonghuan, the governor.

Zhenjiang Victory

In the first year of Tianqi (1621), Mao Wenlong was ordered by Wang Huazhen, governor of Liaodong, to lead one hundred and ninety-seven men including Mao Chenglu, You Jinghe, Wang Fu, and Chen Zhong. As a brave warrior, he went deep behind enemy lines and first recovered coastal islands more than 2,000 miles away including Zhudao, Haiyang Island, Changshan Island, and Guanglu Island. After that, he captured and kidnapped the Jinshou Island officers Hu Kebin, Ren Guangxian, He Guoyong and others. On July 14, it was discovered that the main force of the Houjin army in Zhenjiang (today's Dandong City, Liaoning Province) went to Shuangshan to raid and kill the people who refused to surrender the Houjin army. The city was empty, so they discussed with Wang Yining, a member of the army, and used Zhenjiang Zhongjun Chen Liangce as an internal response. , led more than a hundred men to attack Zhenjiang at night, and captured Houjin guerrilla Tong Yangzhen (grandfather of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty), his son Tong Songnian, and his nephew Tong Songnian. He sent Chen Zhong and others to attack Shuangshan, and captured Houjin guerrilla Miao Yizhen and others. History It is called the "Great Victory of Zhenjiang". After this battle, castles such as Kuandian, Tangzhan, and Xianshan surrendered to Mao Wenlong one after another. For a time, "within hundreds of miles, people were waiting to surrender[4]", and "the surrendered people came with ropes[5]", making the whole country The Liao Dynasty was shaken, causing great panic in the Hou Jin Dynasty. The "Great Victory of Zhenjiang" was the Ming army's first victory since the battle against Hou Jin Dynasty, which greatly inspired the hearts of the whole country. Therefore, the imperial court promoted Mao Wenlong to the rank of deputy commander-in-chief. The Liaodong Economic Strategy King commented on this battle in Jin and said: "Mao Wenlong recaptured Zhenjiang and captured the rebels. The four guards were shocked and the hearts of the people responded. On the day of the news, the Jin gentry celebrated in the court and the common people celebrated in the wild. Since the Qing and Fu fell, Fei Qian Millions of dollars and tens of thousands of troops could not catch a single thief. This victory is truly the sound of Konggu, and you can tell that you are happy to hear it [2]" The chief minister of the cabinet, Ye Xianggao, compared Mao Wenlong to the historical figure. The lone heroes Ban Chao and Geng Gong said: "Mao Wenlong regained Zhenjiang, and people were enthusiastic about it. However, he might be afraid that he would be too weak to support him, so he would be defeated easily. This is something that Lao Chang considered.

But the most important thing in using troops is to be surprising. Ban Chao used thirty-six men to conquer the Western Region, and Geng Gong used a hundred men to guard Shule, both of which were extraordinary achievements... Fortunately, Mao Wenlong was here, and this was a little bit of a military strategist's method of making use of the few. [6]" Yushi Dong Qichang commented: "Mao Wenlong captured Zhenjiang with 200 men, captured the rebels, and presented them to the palace without costing the country a handful of iron, a bundle of grass, or a bucket of grain. To accomplish this extraordinary feat, he is truly an extraordinary hero. He can be considered as one of the best! How can it be easy for a husband to be so brave? So now there are three Wenlongs, slaves can be captured, Liao can be restored, Yongfang and Yangxin can sit under the drum of being tied and provoked. [2]"

Open the town of Dongjiang

After Mao Wenlong led more than 100 people to achieve the "Great Victory of Zhenjiang", the Hou Jin Dynasty was extremely shocked and immediately sent a large army to counterattack. Mao Wenlong had a small number of soldiers and it was difficult to support him. , and once retreated into North Korea, Zheng Zun and Pu Ye, the military governors of North Korea, led the Jin army to surround Mao Wenlong by the forest. The two sides fought fiercely. "Seven battles a day, with considerable casualties [3]", Ming army generals Ding Wenli and Lu Shiju. After the sacrifice, the Hou Jin Army also suffered heavy losses and was forced to withdraw its troops. After the Battle of Linpan, Mao Wenlong used Pidao, Tieshan and Kuanjue Mountains as his bases to recruit refugees from Liaodong and use the old and weak to breed. The army grew from scratch and gradually developed into a powerful overseas force. In June of the second year of Tianqi (1622), the Ming court officially appointed Mao Wenlong as the chief military officer of General Pingliao, and established the town of Dongjiang under the seal of the former general. After its establishment, Mao Wenlong appeased the people of Liaodong who had been displaced by the war, and provided relief and resettlement for more than a million people. At the same time, he sent generals into the hinterland of Houjin to eliminate the enemy's effective forces, which gradually became a serious concern of Houjin officials. : "Mao Wenlong's trouble must be eliminated immediately! As long as the literary dragon is not extinguished, treachery and rebellion will continue, and good people will not be in peace. Regarding the role of Dongjiang Town, Wang Zaijin, the Liaodong Governor, believed: "Mao Wenlong is here today, and he is the so-called person who puts it to death and then lives." "The Art of War": 'Assessing dangers near and far is the way of a general. ’ Due to the danger of Yalu and living across the river, Wenlong found his place. Is it true that the slave is driven by a long drive and there is poison in the elbows and armpits? If the slave moves, the poison spreads out, and if he attacks repeatedly but cannot remove the poison, is it God's will to leave it there to control the slave's death? ...The slave is afraid of Wenlong! [2]" Chen Liangxun, a famous minister of Donglin, thought: "The person who relies on the overseas Great Wall today is not Mao Wenlong? [7]" Emperor Tianqi once issued an edict to Mao Wenlong, affirming the role of Dongjiang Town. He said: "I think of your overseas lone army, especially Guan Jiao. In the past few years, I have not made any big losses, but I have suffered many setbacks. It is true. I am very grateful for the success of setting up a surprise to win. This is a special edict to encourage you to be loyal and righteous, to study the strategy, to investigate the fine areas, to make plans in advance, and to restrain the slaves in many ways, so that the slave wolf will not dare to go west, but you are the only one who relies on it. [2]"

Recover Jinzhou and Lushun

In the summer of the third year of Tianqi (1623), Nurhaci ordered the massacre of the Liao people in the areas occupied by Houjin. In order to save the people, Mao Wenlong sent Four armies were sent out to attack Houjin: Zhu Jialong was ordered to march from Qianjiazhuang, Wang Fu was ordered to march from Phoenix City, Yi Chenghui was ordered to march from Manpu, general Zhang Pan was demobilized, and his troops landed from Mayang Island, taking the gold In the area of ????Zhenjiang and Lushun, 8,000 elite troops from Zhenjiang attacked all the way from Zhenjiang and Tangzhan to provide support. After Zhang Pan came ashore, he followed the strategy laid out by Mao Wenlong and made rescuing the people his first priority. He used warships to capture Jinzhou. The surviving Liaodong people in the area were transferred to a safe place, and they successively helped "4,000 men, women, old and children[5]". Most of these people who survived the disaster were young and middle-aged people. They suffered greatly and had deep hatred, and they all asked to join the army. After attacking Jinzhou, Zhang Pan saw that the people's support was available, so he organized these strong men into teams, with a total of thirty-five teams. On the second day of July, Zhang Pan led a team of soldiers and civilians to attack Jinzhou in one fell swoop. , and seized the weapons of the Later Jin Dynasty, "1,04 large and small cannons, 560 kilograms of nitrate and sulfur powder, and 7,302 large and small lead cannons." [2]", and then took advantage of the victory to regain the fortress Lushun at the southern end of the Liaodong Peninsula, as well as Wanghai Fort and Hongzui Fort, returning hundreds of miles of land in southern Liaoning to the Ming Dynasty. Mao Wenlong sent generals to regain Jinzhou and Lushun, etc. Land, opened up a new situation in the Liaodong battlefield, making Denglai, Lushun, Pidao, and Kuancui a line, eliminating the military threat to the Shandong Peninsula from Lushun occupied by Hou Jin, and consolidating the Ming Dynasty's two thousand miles of maritime territory. , and completed the naval blockade of Hou Jin, which aggravated the food shortage in the area ruled by Hou Jin.

Niumaozhai Victory

In September of the third year of Tianqi (1623), Mao Wenlong arranged a detailed flight report in Houjin's ruling area. Nurhachi was preparing to march westward to attack the Shanhaiguan line. In order to contain Houjin, Mao Wenlong personally led an army of 30,000 people and went straight to Houjin's old capital Hetuala to attack it.

In the high mountains south of Hetuala, the Later Jin Dynasty had three fortresses: Donggu Village, Niumao Village, and Yanwang Village. The deep ditches and high fortresses made them easy to defend and difficult to attack, which was the foundation of its establishment. On September 13th, Mao Wenlong led his troops to conquer Donggu Village, and fought fiercely until the 16th, occupying Niumao Village and Yanwang Village, and annihilating all Houjin's defenders. On the 17th, the Hou Jin army counterattacked and wanted to recapture the three villages. Mao Wenlong set up an ambush and made dumplings of the Hou Jin army and won a complete victory. Nurhachi heard that there was a change in the rear, so he had to give up his plan to conquer the west and led an army of 40,000 to come to the rescue. Considering that the lone army was deeply entrenched, the division veterans were tired, and the strategic goal of containing Nurhachi had been completed, Mao Wenlong decided to withdraw from the battle. Shortly after the "Victory at Niumaozhai", Mao Wenlong once again severely damaged the Hou Jin Army and achieved the "Victory at Wuji Pass". In the two great victories, the Ming army "beheaded 726 heads with gunshots, captured 14 barbarians alive, and five barbarian women... According to the records, the talismans were examined and verified together. [2]" According to Ming Dynasty The DPRK regarded the heads as its actual achievements, and the actual number of enemies annihilated was often far greater than the number of beheadings. In the famous "Battle of Ningyuan", the Ming army only "captured nine out of 260 heads[7]", but Mao Wenlong's second great victory , several times more, especially rare. Sun Chengzong, the governor of Liaodong at that time, was extremely happy after the "Victory at Niumaozhai". He praised it in a memorial and said: "The minister took over the Ping Liao general Mao Wenlong and repeatedly captured the first prisoner. Yuan Chonghuan, who accompanied the outsider, inspected them three times one by one, and the heads were 370. One of them was a real strong barbarian. Four of the bandits were captured alive. They were all real Tartars. The chiefs and other tribes have arrived. They specially ordered the officials to liberate the captives and then arrived at Ningyuan. Not only did Feng show the people around him, but he also saw that there were still people in the world who wanted to kill thieves. The thieves will eventually be destroyed! For a moment, people's hearts were moved. Because of the thought of Wenlong, he came to the den of jackals with his lone sword, drifting in the wind and waves. If you want to obey the invitation of the minister, pull its tail and destroy its nest, the people of the world will wait and watch, worried about those who can't defend themselves, and only think that they can be captured. This is really enough to inspire the courage of the heroes in the world, and make those who shrink their necks and feet feel ashamed. [8]"

Recover Fuzhou and Yongning

On the fifth day of October in the third year of Tianqi (1623), Mao Wenlong ordered Zhang Pan to recover Fuzhou and Yongning. At that time, the troops stationed in Fuzhou of the Later Jin Dynasty were rampant and robbed people everywhere. Zhang Pan took advantage of the Liao people's hatred of the Hou Jin army to attack the city at night and destroy it. Unwilling to accept defeat, Hou Jin mobilized more troops to fight back. Zhang Pan set up an ambush in the city, and defeated the Hou Jin army again. "Innumerable gains were made," and the Hou Jin army "threw away their weapons, guns and artillery and ran away.[2]" On the third day of the first lunar month in the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624), Hou Jin took advantage of the freezing sea water to attack Lushun with more than 10,000 cavalry, hoping to avenge the previous failure. Zhang Pan defended the city and ran out of gunpowder, but he still refused to surrender. The Jin army had no choice but to send envoys to negotiate peace. Zhang Panli was killed in front of the army, and he set up an ambush outside Lushun City. The Jin army was defeated. Later, the Jin army had to withdraw.

Support for the battlefield in western Liaoning

The Dongjiang Xiongzhen led by Mao Wenlong became a strong fortress standing behind the enemy, making it impossible for the Hou Jin Dynasty to launch an effective attack on western Liaoning and the Ming Dynasty, even if Even if they took action, they had to withdraw within a very short period of time. The peace and happiness of thousands of people in the pass depend on the existence of Dongjiang Town. Therefore, someone wrote a poem praising Mao Wenlong at that time, saying: "Holding the east corner of Anshan, drifting through hundreds of battles and capturing the beacon." For example, in the first month of the fifth year of Tianqi, Nurhachi led his troops to attack Ningyuan. Mao Wenlong immediately sent his generals Lin Maochun and Wang Fu to attack Haizhou, and sent his generals Du Gui and Qu Chengen directly into Shenyang, and acted extremely quickly. "The Eastern Army marched into Shenyang to cover its nest, and attacked Haizhou to contain it." Those who return have already been slaves for a day before leaving, and they are also very fast [5]". Nurhaci only stayed at the gate of Ningyuan City for two days (from the 26th to the 27th of the first lunar month) before he had to save his life. Yuan Chonghuan once said in a memorial: "Who knew that Mao Wenlong attacked Liaoyang directly, so he sent his troops to respond. If it was not Mao Shuai who was in trouble, Jinning would be attacked again. [2]" In this regard, Wang Zaijin, the Minister of War, once said: "'Mao Wenlong attacked directly In Liaoyang, the troops responded, and Ning Jin defeated Wen Long. This was due to Chong Huan's own statement, and the drama said that it was a containment, so how could Wen Long kill Zhi? If you violate the capital and knowingly disobey it, Chonghuan will bring his own disaster!" It fully affirmed the existence of Mao Wenlong and was an important guarantee for the Ming Dynasty's border defense. Once Mao Wenlong died, Hou Jin could march straight into the capital. When Mao Wenlong was there, Hou Jin's military activities with the Ming Dynasty were very short, and he did not dare to go far.

After Mao Wenlong's death, the Later Jin Dynasty was extremely happy and celebrated with their crowns. History records that "the Lord of the Qing Dynasty was overjoyed and held a banquet with wine[9]". The leader of the Later Jin Dynasty, Huang Taiji, immediately mobilized an overwhelming army to enter the pass and attack Beijing. This is known in history as the "Ji Si Incident" ". From then on until the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty (Qing Dynasty) often invaded the Central Plains. If they entered uninhabited territory, Baoding, Jinan, Yanzhou, Gaoyang, Gu'an, Liangxiang and many other cities were massacred, and millions of people were massacred. At this time, people realized Mao Wenlong's role, but it was too late. "Records of the Facts of the Liao Dynasty in the Three Dynasties" commented with great sadness: "Chonghuan acted with confidence and fell into the trap of the slaves. He first killed Mao Wenlong to eliminate the troubles in the slaves' elbows and armpits. After that, the captives went from Ji Town to Bodu City, abandoning the mountains and seas to Ji Ji. , declared to be a channel for repeated offenders. If Chonghuan, the envoy, does not allow the slaves to be killed, the Western barbarians will not rebel. If the barbarians do not rebel, the western route will not be feasible. If the island commander is not killed, the slaves will not dare to invade the lair! [2]"

The Battle of Dingmao

In the winter of the seventh year of the Apocalypse, the leader of the Later Jin Dynasty, Huang Taiji, sent a nine-member delegation headed by Fang Jinna to Ningyuan to meet with the then governor of Liaodong. Yuan Chonghuan negotiated peace to doubt the Ming Dynasty. On the one hand, Amin, the leader of the blue flag, Azig, the leader of the white flag, Yuetuo, Beiledudu, Shuotuo, the commander of the red flag, Li Yongfang, the commander-in-chief, and others led the army to attack Dongjiang Town to solve the problems of their confidants. Regarding the number of troops sent by Hou Jin, Yuan Chonghuan said that there were 100,000: "I heard that 100,000 slave soldiers plundered and defended the country. [7]?" North Korea believed that Mao Wenlong would be defeated, so in order to protect itself, it turned to Hou Jin, and the army of Hou Jin Providing North Korean clothing "to induce all the thieves to change into beautiful hats and beautiful clothes[5]?", pretending to be a North Korean army and besieging Tieshan. Tieshan Du Si Mao Youjun and others led more than a thousand defenders to fight a bloody battle with the Hou Jin army. No one was willing to surrender until the last man was killed. Mao Youjun drew his sword and killed himself, martyring his country heroically. Later, Hou Jin Tie rode on the winter ice to attack Yuncong Island, which was only three miles away from Tieshan. Mao Wenlong led his troops to fight back bravely, and sent generals Mao Youjian, You Jinghe and others to counterattack the Jin army. The two sides fought fiercely on the ice. Dongjiang Jian'er faced the Hou Jin Army with an absolute advantage in weapons, equipment and numbers. He showed no fear and fought bloody battles. Both sides killed each other. The Hou Jin Army attacked for many days but could not make any progress. Seeing that the troops suffered too many casualties and could not gain any advantage, Amin, the commander-in-chief of the Later Jin Dynasty, became angry with the Koreans and turned to attack Yiju and Anju of North Korea, breaking through the cities and killing them. After he succeeded, he led his army to Wangjing, the capital of North Korea, and prepared to destroy North Korea and claim the throne. King Li Zhu of North Korea fled in panic and sent envoys to apologize to the Ming Dynasty and Mao Wenlong, saying that it was not his idea to lead the enemy, but that of his ministers. To ask for help. Emperor Tianqi believed that although North Korea assisted Hou Jin, it should not care about the faults of the vassal country, which is the magnanimity of the heaven. So an edict was issued to Mao Wenlong, asking Mao Wenlong to disregard past suspicions and send troops to aid the DPRK. He said: "The slave soldiers attacked Marshal Mao from the east, but their vigor was not hurt, which deeply comforts me. The beautiful lady led the slaves into the country, and she committed a sin. However, the country was not able to support her, and she turned into a slave. The slave power was strengthened, and it was not in my benefit. Return it quickly. Instructing Mao Shuai to send reinforcements with his camera, without harboring any suspicion, which may lead to misdirection. [2]?" After receiving the edict, Mao Wenlong resolutely led his troops into North Korea to counterattack the Jin army, regardless of his own shortage of food and pay. In the cold and freezing environment, the Dongjiang soldiers were naked and had no food to eat. They "pulled dead corpses for food[5]?" every day. Still inspired by Mao Wenlong, they fought with pride and risked their lives. The two sides fought repeatedly in Xuanzhou, Yanting, Chelian, Yizhou and other places. As the weather gradually got warmer, the war gradually turned in favor of the Dongjiang Army. As the rivers and seawater thawed, the Dongjiang Army gradually relied on the large and small rivers in North Korea to trap Houjin, who was mainly cavalry, and severely damaged the enemy many times. "Three battles and three victories, and the slaves were trapped in the Ginkgo River[7]?" " In the end, Amin had to give up his plan to become king in North Korea and "fight a bloody road back to his homeland [10]?" The Dongjiang Army won the final victory in the Battle of Dingmao. The "Battle of Dingmao" wiped out the Xianglan Banner elite, which had tens of thousands of arrogant soldiers. Even after two years of rest, they could not regain their strength. The rest of the Jin army that participated in the war also suffered many losses. It was the most significant victory the Ming army had ever achieved since the war with Hou Jin, and it was achieved under extremely difficult conditions for the Ming army, making it even more valuable. In this regard, Li Song, the governor who came here, commented: "The slaves ravaged the Dongjiang River with a hundred thousand people, but Mao Wenlong was able to fight against Hu Xun at the height of the mad war...The merits of Marshal Mao are therefore immeasurable! [7]? " His successor Sun Guozhen (the national hero who recovered the Penghu Islands) also believed: "I saw that Mao Shuai was isolated on an island, far away in a water town, with mist and fierce winds, hitting his face, cold smoke and cold moon, weeping day and night. Since the first month of the seventh year, he has won five battles in five battles. Watching the battles of Xuanzhou, Chelong, Yizhou Ximen, and Longshan, all of them are shocking, and the eyes are moving.

However, the victory of Ximen in Yizhou is unique and amazing, and all the people captured by it are named chiefs. This is why the people who are tied to the knot today are dedicated. The roads in Xuanzhou are quick, dangerous and strange. Commander Gai Mao hit two targets personally and did not move less. Since the fifth or sixth year, there have been nearly a hundred battles, large and small, and the number of prisoners accumulated has reached 470 and zero, and hundreds of equipment and horses have been seized. Recently, there have been no reports. [2]?” The “Battle of Dingmao” was another military action by the Ming Dynasty army to help North Korea resist foreign humiliation and survive since the Battle of Renchen in Wanli. The Ming army participating in the war was in a desperate situation with no food and grass inside and no reinforcements outside. With a single thought of loyalty and passion, he fed on dead bodies and fought naked in the ice and snow! He set up an unexpected ambush and defeated powerful enemies, writing a magnificent chapter in the history of Chinese people's resistance to foreign aggression. "Duty!" I only know that I will serve my country with all my loyalty, and I will never let myself escape! [5]?”——Dongjiang coach Mao Wenlong said this during the war. He risked his own life and was hit by several arrows, but he refused to retreat! Encouraged by Mao Wenlong, all the Dongjiang athletes worked bravely and fought a self-sacrifice battle with the Hou Jin Army. A deadly battle, blood stained the country for three thousand miles. Even the Italian missionary Wei Kuangguo, who was in China at the time, told Europeans: "The intensity of this battle was unprecedented in China. [10]?” Korean historical materials believe that it was the Korean civilian rebels who defeated the Hou Jin army, and Mao Wenlong sat on a poor island and did nothing.

Relationship with the successive governors of Denglai

Dongjiang Town is isolated overseas, and its relationship with the successive governors of Denglai is very important. Mao Wenlong opened the town of Dongjiang for eight years, and he had dealings with five Denglai governors, namely Tao Langxian, Yuan Keli, Wu Zhiwang, and Li Song. , Sun Guozhen. Relationship with Tao Langxian Mao Wenlong's first victory at Zhenjiang inspired the whole country. However, Tao Langxian, the governor at that time, did not come to the rescue. He believed the one-sided words of the surrendered general Wang Shaoxun and reported to the court that the "Victory at Zhenjiang" was false. The newspaper said: "Mao Wenlong's actions were so messed up that it was difficult to carry out [11]". This act was criticized by both the government and the public. Hou Zhenyang, a famous official in Donglin who was famous for his participation in the impeachment of Wei Zhongxian and Hakka, wrote a letter to express his injustice to Mao Wenlong. He said: "Oh! Long's small victory is a miracle, so why should it be so taboo? It is Wang Shaoxun who prefers to believe in reversal, and instead of saving, he suppresses him. This is where people’s injustice lies! [2]" and asked the court to "stop Lang Xian and arrest Shaoxun. [2]" Based on this, the imperial court traced Tao Langxian and found that he had embezzled military pay for many years, so he was imprisoned and reissued the confiscated stolen money to Mao Wenlong. Relationship with Yuan Keli The person who succeeded Tao Langxian was Yuan Keli, a famous official in Donglin. After taking office, he Actively rectifying defense, cleaning up the bad governance during the Tao Langxian period, and re-employing famous generals such as Mao Wenlong and Shen Yourong, the situation in Denglai was greatly improved. Yuan Keli was the most accomplished governor of Denglai during his time in power. Yuan Keli's achievements were very brilliant. He asked the court for merit for Mao Wenlong many times. He said: "The slave chief has defied nature and obeyed the law for seven years. Lai Mao Shuai advocated righteousness, won many wonderful victories, and showed great enthusiasm for defiance. According to the reported merit level analysis, there were more than 30 large and small battles, and the number of beheadings exceeded 1,977. The winner was killed five times, and a total of 50,000 weapons, bows and arrows were obtained. On the eve of our Holy Lord's eve, when people's hearts are in danger, such a miraculous achievement was achieved overseas! [2]" Because Yuan Keli attached great importance to military generals, the people in power were dissatisfied and had to resign. A few years later, Mao Wenlong was killed by Yuan Chonghuan without permission. The maritime defense line that Yuan Keli had worked so hard to manage disappeared, and later Jin dared to use all the power of the country to carry out large-scale military operations. The great scholar Huang Daozhou once commented: "Gong (Yuan Keli) went to Denglai for a few years, but Denglai was defeated. Gong Yiyi managed the army, fortified key points, burned stolen food, contacted the islands, and recovered Lushun, while the sea was peaceful. ...More than ten years after his official departure, Korea fell. [12]" Relationship with Wu Zhiwang, who succeeded Yuan Keli as the governor of Wu Zhiwang, was a famous doctor, but his political behavior was very bad. During his tenure, he had a very bad relationship with Mao Wenlong, and the two of them interfered with each other many times. Wu Zhiwang protected Wei Zhongxianyi Yang Guodong, the commander-in-chief of Zidianlai, supported Yang Guodong's annexation of Dongjiang Town and repeatedly withheld Mao Wenlong's military pay, which amounted to 440,000 taels. Mao Wenlong demanded an audit of the accounts, while Wu Zhiwang forced the relevant financial officials to stay. As a result, the two men were in conflict. The imperial court later found out that Wu Zhiwang had deducted military pay and dismissed Wu from his post. Emperor Tianqi said in his edict: "I remember that Marshal Mao worked alone and loyally to support overseas troops and troops. After experiencing that time, It is true that China and the DPRK relied on the auxiliary chariot, and when they went to Fu, they regarded Qin and Yue as the Qin and Yue. They could not respond to the screams, and the supply was not enough. They were sleeping in the arms, and their bellies were crying. Even in the midst of all kinds of hardships and dangers, we have managed to achieve many successes. I commend and pity you for your painstaking efforts! [2]" Here "go to Fu" refers to Wu Zhiwang, which shows that the emperor was fully aware of the problem of Wu Zhiwang deducting military pay.

Wu Zhiwang also sent troops to take over the Dongjiang fortress of Lushun to compete with Mao Wenlong. However, in winter, he was afraid that the Hou Jin army would attack due to the freezing water, so he withdrew his troops to Huangcheng Island to spend the winter, and reported to the court: "Retreat to the Imperial Palace." There is nothing wrong with a city or an island [2]." Mao Wenlong couldn't laugh or cry about this, so he had to send troops to garrison Lushun. Wang, the Minister of War, once ridiculed Wu Zhiwang in the Jin Dynasty and said: "Lushun is the key point of the three parties. It is necessary to defend the clouds, and it is difficult to support the clouds and winter moons. It is okay to retreat to the imperial city, but I can't take the slaves alone. If we take it, we will recover, and then we will recover." To retreat in the winter is to pursue both offense and defense [2]", accusing Wu Zhiwang of "seeking the country out of a guilty conscience", and at the same time praising Mao Wenlong, saying: "After all, Mao Wenlong has a thorough investigation of the overseas situation." Wu Zhiwang came back to serve during the Chongzhen period! The governor of the three sides, during his term of office, the issue of military pay once again triggered more than ten mutinies, and he died of grief and anger. Relationship with Li Song and Sun Guozhen Li Song and Sun Guozhen had not cooperated with Mao Wenlong for a long time. Both of them had asked the court for credit for Mao Wenlong, and there was no grudge between the two parties.

The reason why Mao Wenlong collaborated with the enemy and was executed

From the first year of Chongzhen to the second year of Chongzhen, Mao Wenlong and Huang Taiji had many communications and letters to each other, but every letter was reported to the court. , and sent the envoys of Houjin to the capital for questioning. It can be seen that collaborating with the enemy is false, but luring the enemy is true. Teacher Yan Chongnian, the president of the Manchurian Society, believed that Mao Wenlong was a true collaborator and traitor to the country, and he deserved his death by Yuan Chonghuan.

The beginning and end of beheading the commander

Yuan Chonghuan sailed out to sea from Beixunkou on May 25, the second year of Chongzhen, passing through Dawang Mountain, Fengzhong Island, Songmu Island, Xiaohei Mountain, Dahei Mountain, Pig Island Snake The island is Xiabao Island, and I stayed on two islands on the 28th. Lushun guerrilla Mao Yongyi came to welcome him. On the 29th, Chonghuan went to Daoling to visit the Dragon King Temple. That night, Mao Wenlong arrived. On the first day of June, Mao Wenlong came to pay homage, and Chonghuan paid his respects. Mao Wenlong presented coins, silk, wine and food, and Chonghuan accepted the wine and food. After tea, Wenlong came out. Chonghuan reported the visit, sat in Wenlong's tent, and said to Mao Wenlong: "Overseas in Liaodong, we must work together to achieve success. After our adventure, we have come up with a great plan to make progress. There is a good way. I don't know. Is the patient willing to take this medicine?" Wenlong replied: "A certain person has been abroad for eight years and has repeatedly made small achievements. Due to the lack of food and wages, he has few equipment and horses, so it is not difficult to succeed if the money and food are sufficient." Chonghuan returned to the boat, and Wenlong thanked him. He also told us that it was not convenient to have a feast in the boat, and that he wanted to borrow a bank account on the island shore. He invited Wenlong to drink with him, and he was very respectful and spoke secretly. Mao Wenlong was overjoyed and left at the second watch. On the second day of June, Mao Wenlong welcomed Chonghuan to the island, and General Shujiang saluted. Yuan Chonghuan rewarded each of them with one tael of silver, one stone of rice, and one piece of cloth. Entering the table, Wenlong Jian'er was surrounded by swords and swords, but Chonghuan scolded him and retreated. "Yu Wenlong's secret words", he resigned at midnight. On the third day of June, Wenlong held a banquet to welcome Chonghuan. Yuan Chong landed on the island in casual clothes and kept whispering until late at night. Wenlong is arrogant and unhappy. That night, Chong Huan sent his deputy general Wang Zhu to have a secret talk, and then came out at the second watch. On the fourth day of June, Yuan Chonghuan awarded 3,575 people in Dongjiang with rewards, ranging from 3 taels to 5 taels for each officer and one tael for each soldier. And distributed one hundred thousand taels of salary and silver to Dongjiang. Yuan Chonghuan sent a message to Xu Qiguwang's deputy general Xie San for discussion. Then he ordered Mao Wenlong to use Mao Wenlong's seal to the east of Lushun and Yuan Chonghuan's seal to the west. He also ordered the formulation of the Dongjiang camp system, and at the same time ordered preparations for the recovery of Zhenjiang and Lushun. Mao Wenlong disagreed. On the fifth day of the sixth lunar month, Yuan Chonghuan sent word that soldiers from the Dongjiang River had landed and were rewarded with more shots. Mao Wenlong asked, "When will Yuan Chonghuan leave?" Yuan Chonghuan said: "Ningyuan is an important land, and I will travel to you in the future. I invite you to go to your town to wander around the island mountain and watch the soldiers shoot at angles." He also said: "I can't worship one after another in the future. The country will re-send it overseas, and I will accept the rest of the worship." After paying homage, Yuan Chonghuan said: , Dengdao Mountain. General Xie San secretly sent a message to the joint camp soldiers, who were densely deployed on all sides. He sent Wen Long and more than a hundred of his accompanying officers to surround the camp, while the soldiers intercepted the camp outside. Yuan Chonghuan asked the names of the officials accompanying Mao Wenlong, and they all said their surname was Mao. Mao Wenlong said: "We are all the young grandsons of the open family." Yuan Chonghuan said: "How can it be reasonable to all have the surname Mao? It seems that you are such a good man, everyone can use it. I would rather go to the officers and soldiers, and the salary and food are more than you. If it cannot be deepened ( It is very sad to say that you have to work overseas and receive a handful of rice every month, and your family will share this rice with you. You will also be honored by me and contribute to the country. From now on, you will not have to worry about being paid." Weeping and kowtow. Then he said to Wenlong: "Those who control the four towns and impose strict sea restrictions are afraid of Tianjin Laiden and suffer the troubles of their confidants. Now we have set up the Dongjiang Rating Department, and the money and grain are transported from Ningyuan without any inconvenience. I discussed with your town yesterday and we must take the road. Denglai also discussed moving the town, setting up the camp system, dividing Lushun from east to west, and setting up a Taoist hall to inspect the soldiers, horses, money and food, but no one agreed. How could the country spend a lot of money and food, but it would be useless? I kept talking for three days. .

I hope you can turn around and find a safe haven. Who knows that you are ruthless and ambitious, deceived to the end, and have nothing to do with me? How can the national law be compatible with the Holy Master's bravery and arrogance?" After saying that, he asked for orders to the west, bound Mao Wenlong, and removed the crown. Mao Wenlong Shang was stubborn and refused to be captured. Yuan Chonghuan added: "You suspect that I am a scholar, but you don't know that I am a general in the imperial court. You deceived the king and ignored your superiors, risked troops and reduced wages, slaughtered the people of Liao, ruined Goryeo, harassed Denglai, harmed merchants, plundered people, changed people's names, and fornicated their children. Shouldn't you die for your crime? If I can't kill Mao Wenlong today, To restore Liaodong, I would like to take over Shangfang Yixie. " Then he said to the officials in Dongjiang: "Mao Wenlong is so evil, do you think he should be killed? If I kill Wenlong, you will kill me." All the officials who came were relatively pale and kowtowed. Mao Wenlong was speechless, but Yun Wenlong was about to die, and he knelt down and begged for his life. Yuan Chonghuan said: "You have not known the law of the country for a long time. If I don't kill you." A piece of soil in the Dongjiang River is not owned by the emperor. "Invite Shang Fangjian. Zhao Buqi, the commander of the Heshui camp, and He Lintu supervise the execution. He orders Zhang Guobing, the flag officer, to hold Shangfang sword and behead Mao Wenlong in front of the tent. He also orders Mao Wenlong's head to be buried in a coffin. Outside the perimeter. The soldiers were fierce, but seeing that Yuan Chonghuan's troops were well organized, they did not dare to attack. Chonghuan also told the officials in Dongjiang: "Today we killed Wenlong to pacify the overseas soldiers and civilians, but to kill people to pacify the people. You can continue to serve as usual, restore your surname, and serve the country." If it works, the crime is not worthy of you. "The 28,000 Dongjiang soldiers were also divided into four associations. Wen Longzi Chengzuo was in charge of the first association, and Xu Fuzhao was in charge of the first association. For the remaining two associations, the officials in Dongjiang promoted guerrilla Liu Xingzuo, and two deputy generals, Chen Jisheng, were in charge. He also brought 100,000 yuan in salary and distributed it to the officials and people of each island. He ordered Feng to go to Lushun to preach the war. He also ordered General Mao Wenlong to take charge of the Dongjiang River and let Chen Jisheng take charge of it. After the order was completed, he boarded the boat and issued the order. He appeased the soldiers and civilians on the islands, and asked Cheng Zuo to repay the merchants' money. He also sent officials to investigate the unjust imprisonments on the islands, and immediately sent merchants Hong Xiu and others on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month. After being sacrificed, he went to worship in front of Wenlong's coffin and said, "Yesterday, it was a royal act to kill you. Today, it is our personal relationship." Then he burst into tears, and all the officers and men wept and sighed. Heading to Lushun, the officers and soldiers greeted him, and after the prophecy was completed, he set sail and returned.