Historical evolution of Dadaism

Dada is Dadaism. It is a bourgeois literary and artistic school that emerged in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century. There have always been different opinions about the origin of the word "Dada". Some believe it is a word with no real meaning, while others believe it comes from the frequently used colloquial phrase "da, da", which means "yes, yes" in Romanian, used frequently by Romanian artists Chara and Janco. The most popular theory is that in 1916, a group of artists met in Zurich to come up with a name for their organization. They randomly opened a French-German dictionary and randomly selected a word, which was "dada". In French, the word "dada" means a rocking horse for children to play on.

Therefore, this movement was named "Dadaism" to show its randomness, rather than a "literary movement" in the general sense.

Dadaism was a literary movement that arose in Zurich during World War I and spread to visual arts, literature (mainly poetry), drama and art design. Dadaism was an important genre in the development of Western literature and art in the 20th century. It was the product of the First World War that subverted and destroyed the old European social and cultural order. As a literary and artistic movement, Dadaism did not last long, but its influence was very wide, and it had an impact on all modernist literary and artistic schools in the 20th century.

Dadaist activities included public meetings, demonstrations, publishing art and literary journals, etc. The publications of the Dadaists are full of passionate comments and opinions on art, politics, and culture.

The main characteristics of Dadaism include: pursuit of a sober irrational state, rejection of conventional artistic standards, disillusionment, cynicism, pursuit of a state of unintentional, accidental and spontaneous work, etc. The movement was born as a protest against the brutality of the First World War. The Dadaists firmly believed that it was middle-class values ??that gave rise to the First World War, and that this kind of values ??was a rigid, rigid and oppressive force that was not only reflected in art, but also pervaded all aspects of daily life. The Dada movement influenced several later literary and artistic movements, including Surrealism and Fluxus.

Dadaists believe that "Dada" is not an art, but an "anti-art". Whatever the prevailing artistic standards were, Dada was diametrically opposed to them. Since art is related to aesthetics, Dada simply ignored aesthetics. Traditional artworks usually convey some necessary, suggestive and potential information, while the creations of Dadaists pursue the realm of "meaninglessness". The interpretation of Dadaist works depends entirely on the taste of the viewer. In addition, art appeals to give people a certain sense of perception, while Dada artworks want to give people a certain kind of "violation". Ironically, even though Dadaism was so anti-art, Dadaism itself was an important genre of modernism. As a comment on art and the world, "Dada" has become an art in itself.

Challa, the advocate of Dadaism, defined Dadaism in the manifesto: "It is the cry of unbearable pain, it is all kinds of constraints, contradictions, absurd things and The interweaving of illogical things, this is life.” The purpose of Dadaism and the desire for new visual illusions and new content show that they are re-examining tradition with critical concepts and striving to free themselves from countercultural forms. Dada's destructive impulse has had an important influence on contemporary culture and has become one of the central themes of art in this century. Dadaism is a bourgeois literary and artistic movement that emerged in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century. It was first produced in Switzerland during World War I. In the autumn of 1915, several young literary people living in exile in Zurich, Switzerland, including Romanian Tristan Tzara, Frenchman Hans Arp and two other Germans, organized a group called " Dada" literary group; in 1919, the Dada Group was organized in Paris, France, thus forming the Dada school.

Dadaism is derived from the French "dada", which is a word they accidentally found in the dictionary, which means ethereal, confused, and indifferent; the original French meaning is "Trojan horse". It takes the baby's initial pronunciation as its name and represents the baby's purely physiological reaction to the surrounding things during the babbling and learning period. It is claimed that a writer's literary and artistic creation should be like a baby learning language, eliminating the interference of thoughts and expressing only the impressions felt by the senses.

In the drafted "Manifesto", Chala once gave the following definition of Dada: "Freedom: Dada, Dada, Dada, this is the howl of unbearable pain, this is all kinds of constraints, contradictions, The intertwining of absurd things and illogical things; this is life." Someone has further explained: "Dada means nothing, nothing, nothingness." Founded in Paris in 1919. After the founding of the Dada group, Paris became the base for this movement's activities, and the literary magazine "Literature" became the mouthpiece of the Dadaists. Writers participating in this genre include: Brodon, Aragon, Soupo, Eluard, Picabia, etc. Although Dadaism once attracted people's attention, it was ultimately short-lived due to spiritual emptiness. By 1921, some college students in Paris carried paper figures symbolizing "Dada" and threw them into the Seine River to "drown" them to express their hatred of Dadaism. In 1923, members of the Dada school held their last gathering and collapsed. Many of its members immediately turned to join the ranks of Surrealist writers.