Appreciation of National Style, Qifeng and Tiaoqi

Cocks crow and the court is full. The sounds of bandits, crows and flies.

The east is clear and the dynasty is prosperous. Bandits shine in the east, and the moon shines.

Worms can fly and are willing to dream with their sons. Will return, not ordinary to hate.

Since the Han Dynasty, the interpretation of "crow" has roughly experienced the following three different ways:

The first is the interpretation method of "poet intervention", which is the most typical in Shi Mao Justice written by Confucius in the Tang Dynasty. Its sentence says: "The cock crows, and the court is full." The sounds of bandits, crows and flies. "The East is bright and North Korea is prosperous." Bandits shine in the east, and the moon shines. "Insects can fly, and they are willing to dream with their sons. I will return to China, and I have nothing to hate. " According to Kong Ying Da, the first two sentences in the first two chapters of "Cockcrow" are his wife's words, and the last two sentences are the poet's comments on his wife's words. Pawn stamps are all madam's words. In poetry, women always speak, but men have no words. The poet intervened in it and played an explanatory role.

The second is the interpretation of "semi-couplet sentence style", which is represented by Fang Yurun's Book of Songs in Qing Dynasty, and its sentence says: "Cocks crow all over the court." "The bandit chicken is singing, the sound of flies." "The East is bright and North Korea is prosperous." "The east is bright, and the Mitsudeki of the moon is gone." "Insects can fly, and they are willing to dream with their sons. I will return to China, and I have nothing to hate. " For the first time, Fang Yurun thinks that the first two sentences in the two chapters are Mrs.' s words, the last two sentences are her husband's words, and the last chapter is all Mrs.' s words.

The third kind is "question-and-answer couplets", represented by Cheng Junying, which was put forward in the annotation of The Book of Songs. Its sentence reads like this: "When the cock crows, the court is full." "The bandit chicken is singing, the sound of flies." "The East is bright and North Korea is prosperous." "The east is bright, and the Mitsudeki of the moon is gone." "Insects can fly, and you are willing to dream with your son." "I will go back to China, there is nothing to hate." Cheng Junying and others think for the first time that the first two sentences in the first two chapters are the words of the wife, the last two sentences are the words of the husband, the last two sentences are the words of the husband, and the last two sentences are the words of the wife.

The theme of this poem, Preface to Mao Poetry, is considered as "thinking of a virtuous princess" and says: "(Qi) mourning for the public, debauchery and neglect, so Chen Xianfei's chastity and night vigilance complement each other." The biography of Song Zhuxi's poems thinks that this is a direct compliment to the virtuous princess. However, Yan Zhenqing's poem Ji in the Song Dynasty considered it as "seduction", Reading Style and Accidental Knowledge in the Qing Dynasty considered it as "glamorous and diligent", and Yurun's original Book of Songs in the Qing Dynasty considered it as "a virtuous woman warning her husband to the early court".

Maybe this poem just shows the interest of a noble couple's private life. The whole poem begins with a dialogue between husband and wife, which is novel in conception and unique in the Book of Songs. Yao Jiheng said: "Fool, the beauty of this poem must be sought outside the sentence." (Introduction to The Book of Songs) Originally, the couple's conversation was very dull and explicit, and there was no poetic punch line, just because some of them were similar to silly words and crazy words, which made people laugh and contained the wonderful idea of "seeing things without understanding reason". In ancient times, when the monarch crowed, he began to look at the court, while Dr. Qing entered the court in advance to serve the king. In the second year of Zuo Zhuan Gong Xuan, Zhao Dun said, "It's too early to take a nap". At the beginning of this poem, the wife reminds her husband that "chickens crow and the court is full", and her husband replies "bandits crow and flies sound". I don't think the sounds of chickens and flies will change much in ancient and modern times. If there is no hearing impairment, the two will not be indistinguishable. From the following two or three chapters, my wife said "the East" and "it's easy to meet and return", we can see that this is undoubtedly a cock crow. The husband's description of "chicken crow" as "the voice of flies" is contrary to common sense of life and of course "unreasonable".

But if we look at it from another angle, it is regarded as that the husband was awakened by his wife in his dream and heard her urging with a crow, so he deliberately teased his wife and said, "It's not a crow, it's the voice of a fly, which shows the couple's interest in life." "Abnormal" is in line with the "Tao" of husband and wife's emotional life, which is exactly what Yao pointed out.

In the next two chapters, from the crow to the dawn, officials arrived at the court and soon dispersed to the court. The longer the husband waits, the lazier he gets up. He deliberately used "moonlight" to describe the morning, lusting after pillows and reluctant to give up. He even wanted to sleep with his wife, but the more she persuaded him, the last sentence "nothing for the children" was slightly resentful. Showing the couple's private life can be described as "the true feelings, the true feelings are vividly written" (Yao Jiheng's "The Book of Songs").

The whole poem consists of three chapters, each with four sentences. The sentence pattern is mainly four words, mixed with five words. The sentence patterns are complicated and close to the prose culture. This poem is based on a conversation between a man and a woman. It is innovative and ingenious, like a sketch, and the characters are vividly portrayed. Rhyme also has its own characteristics. The first two chapters and four sentences all use rhyme, the rhyme foot of the first and second sentences is in the third word, and the auxiliary word "one" at the end is also rhyme, which Mr. Wang Li calls "rich rhyme". In addition, the first sentence and the third sentence in the first and second chapters rhyme. The third chapter is the rhyme of the first, second and fourth sentences, which also shows that the rhyme of this poem is rich in changes.

References:

1, Jiang Lifu et al. Dictionary of Pre-Qin Poetry Appreciation. Shanghai: Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House,1998:187-1882, Korea. On Qi Feng Ji Ming's Aesthetic Orientation from Rationality to Emotion. Journal of Linyi Normal University, 2007.