Swiss federal constitutional economy

Article 29 The collection of federal tariffs shall be handled in accordance with the following principles:

I. Import duties:

1. Impose the lowest possible tax on raw materials necessary for national industry and agriculture;

2. Treat the necessities of life equally;

3. Impose the highest tariff on luxury goods.

Unless there are major obstacles, these principles should also be observed when signing trade treaties with foreign countries.

2. Export tax should be reduced as much as possible.

Third, tariff legislation should include provisions that are conducive to ensuring border and market trade.

Under special circumstances, the Federation may temporarily take extraordinary measures without being restricted by the above provisions.

Article 30 Customs revenue belongs to the Federation.

Article 31

(a) Protection of commercial and industrial freedom throughout the federal territory, unless otherwise restricted by the Constitution and relevant laws.

State regulations on commercial and industrial activities and related tax regulations are still valid. However, these regulations shall not violate the principle of commercial and industrial freedom, unless otherwise stipulated by the federal constitution. National patents still exist.

Article 31

(2) Within the scope of power stipulated in the Constitution, the Federation may take measures to increase the general welfare of citizens and bring economic security.

While safeguarding the overall interests of the national economy, the Federation may formulate regulations on commercial and industrial activities and take measures beneficial to certain economic sectors or industries. The Federation shall respect the principle of freedom of commerce and industry, unless otherwise stipulated in Article 3 1 (3).

When necessary, the Federation has the right to make laws and regulations that violate the principle of commercial and industrial freedom for the following purposes:

First, in order to safeguard the important economic sectors or industries whose survival is threatened, give full play to the professional expertise of the personnel who independently carry out activities in these sectors or industries;

Second, in order to maintain enough agricultural population, ensure agricultural productivity and consolidate rural land ownership;

Third, in order to protect areas where the economy is threatened;

Four, in order to reverse the economic or social harmful effects caused by cartels or similar groups;

5. Take preventive measures to safeguard the national economy, and ensure the supply of national materials and important services when there is a serious famine and the economy cannot rely on its own strength to remedy it.

The relevant economic departments and industries can only enjoy the protection of the regulations formulated on the basis of the first and second items after taking reasonable measures of mutual assistance and cooperation.

The federal laws and regulations made according to Article 3 1 (3) 1 and Item 2 should help to maintain the development of groups based on mutual assistance.

Article 31

(3) States have the right to pass legislation requiring that only people with professional knowledge and personal qualifications can open cafes and restaurants, and limit the number of these enterprises as necessary when the survival of such industries is threatened by excessive competition. Relevant laws and regulations should fully consider the importance of various enterprises to public welfare.

In addition, the Federation can, within the scope of its legislative power, allow the States to make laws and regulations on matters that do not require federal legislation, but which the States have no legislative power.

Article 31

(4) The Federation has the right to make laws on the banking system. The law must take into account the role and special circumstances of the national bank. Article 2 1 (5) The Federation may take measures to ensure the balanced development of the economic market, especially to prevent and eliminate unemployment and rising prices. To this end, the Federation should cooperate with the States and economic circles.

If necessary, the Federation may violate the principle of commercial and industrial freedom when taking measures related to money, credit, public finance and foreign economic relations. The Federation can force enterprises to establish crisis reserves and enjoy tax exemption. After the reserve expires, enterprises can freely decide how to use it according to the objectives stipulated by law.

The federal, state and municipal governments can make their own budgets according to the urgent needs of the economic situation. In order to maintain the balance of the economic situation, the Federation can take temporary measures, levy additional federal taxes, or reduce taxes.

The funds obtained by levying additional tax should be strictly controlled, and its term should be determined according to the needs of economic situation. Direct federal taxes will be repaid by individuals, and indirect taxes will be used to subsidize tax exemption or create employment opportunities.

The Federation should pay attention to the imbalance of economic development in various regions of the country.

The Federation can conduct an investigation according to the requirements of economic policy.

Article 31

While safeguarding the overall interests of the national economy and respecting the principle of commercial and industrial freedom, the Federation should take measures to protect the interests of consumers. ...

Within the scope of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law, consumer organizations enjoy the same rights as industries and economic groups.

Countries should formulate simple and fast mediation procedures or judicial procedures to deal with disputes of certain value caused by contracts signed between end consumers and suppliers. This restriction is decided by the Federal Council.

Article 31

(7) In order to prevent arbitrary pricing, the Federation may formulate laws and regulations to supervise the prices or suggested prices of materials or services provided by enterprises and organizations that dominate the market, especially cartels and similar public and private law organizations. In order to achieve this goal, the price can be reduced if necessary.

Article 32

(1) Paragraph (2), Paragraph (3), Paragraph (2), Paragraph (4) and Paragraph (5) of Article 3 1 can only be used. In case of emergency during economic turmoil, Article 80 shall be implemented.

The provisions of the third section of Article 9. (Note: Section 3 of Article 89 has been abolished and replaced by Paragraph 2 of Article 89). )

When formulating the implementation regulations, the opinions of all countries should be sought. Generally speaking, it is the responsibility of States to enforce federal regulations.

When formulating the implementation regulations, the opinions of relevant economic organizations should be sought, and they can be required to cooperate in the implementation of the implementation regulations.

Article 32

(2) The Federation has the right to formulate laws and regulations on the production, import, rectification, sales and taxation of distilled alcoholic beverages. The purpose of this regulation is to reduce the consumption of shochu, thus reducing the import and production of shochu. The Federation encourages the production of edible fruits and the use of raw materials suitable for distillation to produce food or feed. The Federation can reduce the number of steaming and paving equipment through negotiation and redemption.

The industrial production of distilled alcoholic beverages can be franchised by cooperatives or other private enterprises. When granting permission, enterprises should be encouraged to make use of the wastes produced by fruit planting, grape planting and beet planting, as well as the surplus fruits and potatoes that can be used most reasonably only in the distillation industry.

The existing domestic distillation chambers and mobile distillation chambers are allowed to use fruits, skins, apple juice, wine, grape skins, wine dregs, gentian roots and other similar raw materials for non-industrial production of shochu, provided that these raw materials are completely from domestic wild plants planted or picked by producers. This kind of shochu is necessary for producers' daily life or agricultural production, and can be exempted from tax. If the domestic distillation room still exists 15 years after the passage of this clause, you should apply for a franchise to continue production. Under the conditions prescribed by law, you can get the franchise free of charge.

Special wines made from distilled stone fruits, wine, grape skins, wine dregs and similar raw materials should be taxed. Constant producers can squeeze fair prices from local raw materials.

In addition to special wine and a certain amount of duty-free wine for family consumption, the rest of the domestic shochu should be handed over to the Federation, which should receive it at a reasonable price.

Export and transit products are not taxed.

The income from taxing hotels and retailers in each state belongs to each state. States require that international trade must be licensed by the Federation, and the corresponding income should be distributed among States in proportion to the resident population of each state.

Half of the federal income from the alcoholic beverage tax must be distributed among states in proportion to the population of each state, and each state should use at least 10% of the income for the prevention and treatment of alcoholism. The other half of the tax revenue shall be used according to Item (4) of Paragraph 2 of Article 34. (Note: See Article 15 of the Interim Provisions)

Article 32

(3) It is prohibited to produce, import, transport, sell and store absinthe in the federal territory. This ban can be extended to all drinks that imitate absinthe, no matter what its name is. However, transit transportation and medical absinthe are not subject to this restriction.

The above ban will take effect two years after the regulations are passed. Federal legislation can make necessary provisions according to this ban.

For any other beverage containing absinthe and endangering the public, the Federation has the right to issue the same ban according to law.

Article 32

(4) Each state has the right to impose restrictions on hotels and retailers dealing in alcoholic beverages according to the needs of public welfare.

The so-called retail, in terms of non-distilled alcoholic beverages, refers to the trade of less than two liters.

Each state may, within the scope stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 31, legally approve the transaction of two to ten liters of non-alcoholic beverages, but such transactions should pay a small fee and be supervised by government departments.

States may not impose any special taxes on people who sell non-distilled alcoholic beverages except licensing taxes.

Legal persons should enjoy the same treatment as natural persons, and their preferential treatment should not be less than that of natural persons. Wine and apple juice producers can sell their own products of two liters or more, without permission or handling fee.

The Federation has the right to make laws on the trade of two liters or more of non-distilled alcoholic beverages. Such laws and regulations should not contain anything that violates the principle of commercial and industrial freedom.

It is forbidden to peddle along the street or sell alcohol by other mobile means.

Thirty-third for those who want to engage in freelance work, each state may require them to show their ability certificates.

Federal law should provide that such personnel can obtain qualification certificates valid throughout the Federation. (Note: See Article 5 of the Interim Provisions. )