Classical Chinese essays describing good financial management

1. Translation of classical Chinese text: "Liu Yan's Financial Management"

Liu Yan also recruited people who were good at walking, which is very commendable. People from Dongming County, Shandong Province chose diligent, honest and capable scholars. As a court official: "Yan often took care of public affairs, which saved disasters.

Liu Yan was diligent in political affairs and kept prices stable. In the era of Suzong of Tang Dynasty, they were sold at low prices.

At that time The economy in the Tang Dynasty was very depressed, and losses and losses were reduced. He was shrewd and capable, and he was still preparing accounts for translation reference.

Liu Yan accurately grasped the national economic and market trends, and then increased prices. Sold to salt merchants, trained sergeants to transport grain so that river ships would not enter the Bianshui River, and transported grain from the Jianghuai River to Chang'an. This improved efficiency compared with the previous method of direct transportation by migrant workers from the south of the Yangtze River.

Every ten days. In exchange for farmers' local products and sundries, they were resold in harvest areas. It turned out that there were only 600,000 yuan per year. The Prime Minister Ping Zhangshi (prime minister) under the door, and the various inspection yuan collected the amount of rain and snow in various states and counties in the country. Instead, they used ***'s salt profit to hire boatmen to conduct The financial system was reformed and he was in charge of finance.

At the same time, he appointed inspectors in various roads to manage various inspections and grains. Shipped to areas with poor harvests.

He followed Pei Yaoqing's method and gradually improved the finances of the Tang Dynasty. The method of "monopoly system, hunger leads to cheapness" often involves working around the clock and wholesale to control the salt policy.

As a result, grain from the Jianghuai River was continuously transported to Chang'an, which prevented the low price of grain from hurting farmers, distributed departments and states and counties to control the quality of crops, and changed the official fortune stipulated by the Fifth Qi of Suzong. The salt method sold by the government. Because Liu Yan once served as a local official for a period of time: Liu Yan (716-780).

In a feudal society where officials were corrupt and violent, they were loyal to their duties and also served as transshippers, so they must be used by people who are smart, capable, honest and diligent. Later, a large number of financial management experts were selected to develop production and became a financial management minister.

He had a simple diet. Liu Yan was appointed as Jing Zhaoyin, and Liu Yan took over the water transportation. AD 763.

He first rectified the salt prison, named Shi'an and Heyin. Liu Yan appointed people on a meritocratic basis, established salt farms and other salt affairs institutions, began to reform the salt administration, and also suppressed production. ”

He selected hundreds of experts and doers of all kinds, which caused food difficulties in Guanzhong. In order to recruit people, Liu Yan implemented the "Changping Law", with every ten ships forming a team. *** Collected The salt profit has reduced the freight, which has been maintained for decades, eliminating the labor of the people.

He divided the whole journey into four transportation sections, and quickly reported the prices of various places to the central government. When he went to court, he was riding on a horse. He first organized manpower to dredge the river. When he died, he left only two carts of books and a few buckets of rice and wheat. By the end of the Dali calendar, the number increased to more than 6 million yuan. Henan Yin, Liu Yan was promoted to Minister of the Ministry of Personnel.

Therefore, the company understands and sympathizes with the sufferings of the people, and transports 400,000 stones every year. It is stipulated that salt officials will uniformly purchase the salt produced by tinghu (private households specializing in salt production) without damaging the national use.

His biography records. In 762 AD, warehouses were set up at the junctions of the Weikou and other rivers to store grain, and officers were responsible for escorting the grain. Two thousand sturdy watercraft were built.

At that time, water transportation was inactive, and based on this information, the country was trained. Bian boats could not enter the Yellow River, accounting for half of the national fiscal revenue. After he takes office, he will do his best to complete this mission.

For this reason, they were in Yangzhou again; after leaving the court, they reviewed the documents at the official office, and they were trafficked to various places for sale. The state only controls unified procurement.

Water transportation is carried out by waterway transportation, and the transshipment department is reported every month. Liu Yan took a series of effective measures and the governor of Huazhou. Liu Yan successively served as the prefect of Pengyuan to prepare for the transshipment. He no longer conscripted the strong men along the river to serve, and held the posts of increasing revenue and reducing expenditure, minister of household affairs, and censor Zhongcheng. 2. Translation of Sima Guang (Liu Yan's Financial Management) in classical Chinese

From "Liu Yan Tong Min Jing Jing" in Volume 226 of "Zizhi Tongjian" written by Sima Guang

Translation: < /p>

When Liu Yan first served as the transshipment envoy, he had been recruiting people who were good at traveling at high prices. He would visit and report on prices in various places. Even in distant places, it could be delivered to the transshipment envoy's office within a few days.

He controlled all the standards of weighing money and food in his hands. The court benefited from this, and the people did not have to worry about skyrocketing prices.

Liu Yan also believed that as households and population increase, the scope of tax collection will naturally broaden. Therefore, when Liu Yan managed finances, he always put concern for the sufferings of the people first. Each province has its own magistrates who patrol the courts. Every ten days to one month, they must record the rain, snow and abundance conditions in their prefectures and counties and report them to the transfer envoy. The magistrates began to see signs that the harvest would not be good.

It is necessary to first declare how much taxes need to be exempted in a certain month, and how much materials need to be relieved and funded in a certain month. When the predetermined period comes, Liu Yan does not wait for the prefecture and county to apply, and then implements it to solve the people's emergencies. Never miss an opportunity. As a result, the people were able to live and work in peace and contentment, and the household population increased and multiplied. In the early days of Liu Yan's tenure.

The annual income from money taxes was only 4 million yuan. By the end of his tenure, the annual income reached more than 10 million yuan. Liu Yan specifically adopted the salt monopoly method to increase the national supply of military supplies. He believed that if there were too many officials, the people would be harassed, so he only set up salt officials in salt-producing areas and no longer set up salt officials in prefectures and counties outside salt-producing areas.

Before Liu Yan took office, he transported grain from Guandong to Chang'an. Because the river flow was fast and dangerous, roughly one handful of grain could be transported to eight buckets. Even if it was successful, he would be generously rewarded. Liu Yan believed that the flow rates of the Yangtze River, Bianshui River, Yellow River, and Wei River were different. According to the different characteristics of each place and the convenient conditions of each place, ships for transporting grain were built and soldiers responsible for water transportation were trained.

The ships from the Yangtze River arrived at Yangzhou, the ships from the Bianshui River arrived at Heyin, the ships from the Yellow River arrived at the mouth of the Wei River where it flows into the Yellow River, and the ships from the Wei River arrived at Taicang. There are rivers along the water between each section. A granary is set up on the side, which is transferred from the previous section to the next section. From then on, the annual shipment of grain sometimes reached more than one million hu of dendrobium, and not a single bucket or liter sank in the water. Liu Yan built ships in Yangtze.

For every ship built, he was paid one thousand min. Some people say, "The actual cost of building a ship is less than half, and too much money is wasted." Liu Yan said: "That's not the case. When doing big things, of course you can't skimp on small expenses, and you have to make long-term considerations when doing everything. The shipyard has just begun to be set up, and there are a lot of people working on it. We should first ensure that these people's personal expenses are not embarrassed. .

The things they make for the officials will be solid and reliable. If we don’t bother to care about every penny with these people immediately, how can we continue to implement it for a long time?"

Liu Yan was initially a transshipment envoy. He often recruited people who were good at traveling and reported the prices of goods in all directions. Even though it was far away, they all reached the envoy within a few days. The right to control the importance of food and goods is fully controlled, the country will benefit, and the world will not have to worry about being too rich or too low. Yan also believed that more household registrations would lead to more taxes, so he always put caring for the people first in his financial management. Each of the various provinces has appointed a magistrate, who will be assigned to the office every ten months when there is abundant rain, snow, and drought in the prefecture or county.

When the officials of the Zhi Yuan saw the impudence, they applied first, saying that a certain amount of relief would be needed in a certain month, and a certain amount of relief would be needed in a certain month. When the deadline was reached, Yan Bu would not wait until the prefecture and county applied for it, and then the request would be made. Responding to the people's urgent needs is not a waste of time, so the people can live in peace and quiet, and their household registration can be restored. At the beginning, the annual income of wealth was only four million yuan, and every year it was more than ten million yuan. Yan specifically discussed the salt law for the military and state purposes, thinking that too many officials would disturb the government, so he only set up salt officials in the hometown of salt.

Since Yuzhou County, no more officials have been set up. First of all, those who transport the Guandong Valley to Chang'an, because of the strong rivers, and whoever leads one bunch of dendrobium to get eight buckets of dendrobium, will be considered successful and receive a good reward. Yan thought that the water power of the rivers, Bian, He and Wei was different, and each had its own advantage. He built transport ships and taught the cavalry soldiers. River ships reached Yangzhou, Bian ships reached Heyin, river ships reached Weikou, and Wei ships reached Taicang. In the meantime, they were built along the water. Cang, turn around and receive gifts.

Since the harvest of grain may reach more than one million husks per year, there will be no ups and downs. When Yan was building ships in Yangzi, he was given thousands of coins for each ship, or he said, "The actual use is less than half, and the waste is too much." Yan said: "Otherwise, those who discuss big plans will not regret tipping, and everything must be a permanent concern. Nowadays, the shipyard is being built, and there will be many deacons. We should make it private for personal use without embarrassment, and the official property will be strong. If it happens suddenly. A small amount of money can make things work for a long time."

Extended information

Related background:

Liu Yan proposed that to increase fiscal revenue, the premise is to develop production. Stable people's livelihood. "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" said that Liu Yan "always puts the care of the people first in financial management", which is something ordinary officials cannot do.

When managing finances, we always put the people first. We must first have the people in mind.

To increase fiscal revenue, we must be good at utilizing the commodity economy and be familiar with market conditions. In his view, there are ways to increase income everywhere, and the key lies in whether they can be discovered and utilized. Liu Yan believed that taxing people's needs would be sufficient for the country. That is to say, tax collection should meet the needs of the people and should not blindly plunder the people. Salt is something that people urgently need, so taxing salt profits makes salt profits an important item to increase fiscal revenue.

Character introduction:

Liu Yan (716-780), named Shi'an. An economic reformer and financial planner in the Tang Dynasty. Liu Yan implemented a series of financial reform measures such as reforming the Salt Law, reforming water transportation, and reforming the Changping Law, and made important contributions to the economic development of the Tang Dynasty after the Anshi Rebellion. Liu Yan's works are recorded in "Complete Tang Literature" and "Complete Tang Poetry". 3. Find some classical Chinese articles about business

Famous businessmen in ancient times include Duanmu, the originator of Confucian businessmen, who bestowed wealth, Tao Zhugong, Fan Li, the wise business ancestor, Bai Gui, a businessman who founded a country, Lu Buwei, a farmer and business wizard, Sang Hongyang, a rich man who could rival the country, Shen Wansan. A rich man, Wu Bingjian, a business tycoon, Qiao Zhiyong, a red-top businessman, Hu Xueyan, a generation of money kings, Wang Chi, a hardware king, Ye Chengzhong, Shanxi merchants, the three Xue brothers, an enlightened wealthy businessman, Qu Benqiao, a businessman and an official, Yuquan, a unique path, Fan Shikui, a salt merchant, offering wine, Yang Jimei, advocating benevolence and Li Ming There are books on merchants and merchants such as "Historical Records" that record their deeds by searching their names on Baidu.

There are records of ancient merchants in books such as "The Biography of Huo Zhi", "Yu Li", "Miscellaneous Notes of Yanjing" and "Zhitan". Ten Tips for Doing Business in Ancient Times 1. Know the terrain to win and choose the terrain to make money. The Art of War says: The terrain is determined by the help of soldiers.

It is the way of a general to anticipate the enemy's victory, to plan for dangers, and to plan for near and far. He who knows this and uses war will win; he who does not know this and uses war will lose.

It can be seen that terrain is important to combat, and a general must pay attention to it. Doing business is like fighting, and shopping malls are like war. People who often do business are like generals who command thousands of troops. Wise generals often occupy favorable terrain and ultimately win the war.

Fan Li, as a great strategist during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, knew this very well. From a strategist's perspective, he believed that Tao Di was the center of the world, connected to all the princes, and an ideal place for trade in goods.

So he chose Tao Di as a marketing point. Sure enough, in nineteen years, he made three fortunes and became a wealthy businessman. From this, the reputation of Tao Zhugong became famous in ancient and modern times and left a name in history. According to "Historical Records: Biography of Huo Shi", after the Qin State destroyed the Zhao State, it implemented an immigration policy. At that time, many people bribed officials and were unwilling to move and asked to stay where they were. Only the wealthy businessman Zhuo asked to move to a distant place. Under the mountains, he took a fancy to the fertile land, rich products, honest folk customs, residents who were keen on buying and selling, and easy development of commerce.

A few years later, Zhuo became a well-known rich man. This concept of choosing not only the time but also the place has been accepted by later generations of businessmen.

The famous capital of Huaizuo, Yangzhou in Jiangsu Province, is located in the west of Zhuxi. It is located at the crossroads between the north and the south, with developed transportation, convenient water transportation and frequent goods flow. The land was fertile and rich in tea, salt, silk, and silk. Many merchants came here, and merchants from Qin and Shanxi settled and operated here.

It was from here that the famous Huizhou merchants started to dominate the world. 2. Buy when it is cheap, sell when it is expensive. Fan Li and Bai Gui, the ancestor of Shang Dynasty, believe that if you buy when it is cheap, it will become expensive even though it is expensive; if you sell it when it is expensive, it will become expensive even though it is cheap.

Emphasize that businessmen should be good at seizing business opportunities, seizing the opportunity, and buying and selling without losing the opportunity. Business profits come from the difference between buying and selling prices.

Once you find that the opportunity to buy or sell has arrived, you should act like a beast or a bird of prey and make a prompt decision. During the time of Wei Wenhou, the Chinese people focused on farming, but Bai Gui was willing to watch the changes in time.

When the grain harvest was good, he bought grain and sold silk paint. When silk became available, he purchased large quantities of silk and sold grain.

He once said: In business, I am as strategic as Yi Yin and Jiang Taigong, as good at judgment as Sun Bin and Wu Qi, and as good as Shang Yang in law enforcement. Some people are too wise to adapt to circumstances, their bravery cannot make prompt decisions, their benevolence cannot make appropriate choices, and their stubbornness cannot adhere to principles.

Therefore, if such a person comes to me to learn how to run a business, I will not teach him. This passage clearly explains his decisiveness and wisdom in grasping the opportunity to buy at low prices and sell at high prices.

Bai Gui's business principles and experience were praised by later generations of businessmen.

With his own business strategy and careful management, he made his family rich.

3. See the clues and predict the future to make money. Gou Jian, the king of Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period, was ashamed of his country's subjugation. He worked hard all day long to survive. When he learned of the severe drought in the state of Wu, he purchased a large amount of grain from the state of Wu. In the second year, the state of Wu was severely short of food. The people were in dire straits. The hungry people had no food to eat, and there were many complaints. The state of Yue took the opportunity to raise troops to destroy the state of Wu.

God will not let you down if you work hard. The King of Yue finally became a hegemon and became one of the five hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period.

What King Gou Jian of Yue did here was a big deal. The fortune he made was not gold and silver, but a country and the hegemony that dominated the world. It is a successful example of the application of merchant methods in politics.

"Yi Jian Zhi" records that during the Song Dynasty, there was a fire in Lin'an City, which affected the fish pond. The shop of a businessman named Pei also caught fire. However, he did not go to put out the fire, but took the fire with him. With two silver taels, they recruited manpower to go out of the city to purchase bamboo, wood, bricks, tiles, reeds, rafters, rafters and other building materials. After the fire, everything was in ruins, and building materials were in hot demand on the market. At this time, Pei's merchants took advantage of the opportunity to make a fortune, earning dozens of times the value of the shop. At the same time, they also satisfied the needs of the market and the market. the needs of the people.

You can catch a glimpse of a leopard in a tube. Keen observation and accurate judgment are the never-ending source of wealth for businessmen, and they are also one of the necessary abilities for businessmen. 4. Make small profits but quick turnover, and no one dares to be noble. Ji Ran, a great business theorist in the pre-Qin Dynasty, believed that "the most noble will turn against the low, and the low will turn against the noble." He advocated that "the noble is like dung, and the cheap is like pearls and jade."

Sima Qian once said: "Buy for three yuan if you are greedy, and buy if you are cheap for five yuan." This means that a businessman who is greedy for high profits can only make a profit of 30%, while a businessman who makes small profits but quick turnover can make a profit of 50%. "Yu Ion" records: There were three businessmen selling the same product in the market. One of them lowered the price and sold it to many buyers. He made a fortune within a year. The other two refused to sell at a lower price. As a result, they made huge profits. Far less than the former.

Zhang Liang, a counselor of Liu Bang, the founder of the Han Dynasty, was a disciple of Huang Shigong in his early years. He sold scissors to people during the day and came back to study at night. Later, he felt that there was not enough time to study, so he divided the scissors into upper, middle and lower parts. Wait, the price of the high-grade ones remains the same, the price of the medium-grade ones is one penny less than the original price, and the low-grade ones are two cents less. As a result, it only took half a day to sell twice as many scissors as usual, make twice as much money as before, and spend more time studying than before. Therefore, there is a folk proverb: Zhang Liang sells scissors. ——High and low are the same thing.

5. The carvings are red and green, and the customers linger. "Yanjing Miscellaneous Notes" contains: The store in the capital city is simple and elegant, the carvings are red and green, and the windows are embroidered. Some shop signs hang high, and at night, colorful brocade lanterns are lit at the door of every house, illuminating the street as if it were daytime.

Some shops display calligraphy and paintings to promote products, as well as paintings and calligraphy by celebrities, which is arty. In this way, we can sublimate the taste of the store and increase the customer's return rate.

There are also some teahouses, restaurants, and hotels that specially arrange musical instrument performances and storytelling to entertain guests. In a noodle shop in Hangzhou, the capital of the Song Dynasty, as soon as a customer entered the shop and sat down, the waiter immediately came to ask the customer what he wanted, in compliance with the customers' calls and instructions. 4. What are the words to describe financial management

Calculate carefully, hold on to the plan, study the calculations, analyze the details, clear the day, and settle the monthly balance

1. Calculate carefully [jīng dǎ xì suàn]

Definition: hit: planning. Plan carefully and calculate in detail. Refers to careful calculation when using manpower and material resources.

2. Hold the plan and grasp the calculation [ chí chóu wò suàn ]

Definition: Originally it refers to planning, and later it is called management finance.

3. Yansang scheming [yán sāng xīn jì]

Definition: Yan: Ji Yan, also known as Ji Ran, was Fan Li’s teacher in the Yue Kingdom during the Spring and Autumn Period. He was good at doing business; Mulberry: Sang Hongyang, a censor during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was good at financial management. Describes being good at doing business and getting rich.

4. 利analytic Qiū háo [ lì xī qiū háo ]

Definition: ANALYZE: Analysis; Qiuhao: the fine hairs newly grown by birds and animals in autumn. Describes managing finances very carefully and shrewdly.

5. Riqing Yuèjié [rì qīng yuè jié]

Definition: The settlement is clear every day and every month. Describes that financial personnel work seriously and have clear accounts.

Reference materials

Baidu Chinese: /s?wd=%E7%B2%BE%E6%89%93%E7%BB%86%E7%AE%97&from=zici 5. Translation of Sima Guang (Liu Yan's Financial Management) in classical Chinese

From "Liu Yan Tong Min Jing Jing" in Volume 226 of "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" written by Sima Guang. Translation: When Liu Yan was originally the transfer envoy, he had always Recruit people who are good at traveling at a high price, and visit and report prices in various places. Even in distant places, it can be sent to the transit envoy's office in a few days.

He controlled all the standards of weighing money and food in his hands. The court benefited from this, and the people did not have to worry about skyrocketing prices. Liu Yan also believed that as households and population increase, the scope of tax collection will naturally expand.

Therefore, when Liu Yan manages finances, he always puts concern for the sufferings of the people first. Each province has its own magistrates who patrol the courts. Every ten days to one month, they must record the rain, snow, and abundance conditions in their prefectures and counties and report them to the transfer envoy.

The magistrates began to see signs that the harvest would not be good. It is necessary to declare in advance how much taxes need to be exempted in a certain month, and how much materials need to be relieved and funded in a certain month. When the predetermined period comes, Liu Yan will implement it without waiting for the prefecture and county to apply to solve the people's urgent difficulties. He never misses the opportunity.

As a result, the people were able to live and work in peace and contentment, and the number of households increased and multiplied. In the early days of Liu Yan's tenure.

The annual income from money taxes was only 4 million yuan. By the end of his tenure, the annual income reached more than 10 million yuan. Liu Yan specifically adopted the method of monopolizing salt production to increase the national supply of military supplies. He believed that if there were too many officials, the people would be harassed, so he only set up salt officials in salt-producing areas and no longer set up salt officials in prefectures and counties outside salt-producing areas.

Before Liu Yan took office, he transported grain from Guandong to Chang'an. Because the river flow was fast and dangerous, roughly one handful of grain could be transported to eight buckets. Even if it was successful, he would be generously rewarded. Liu Yan believed that the flow rates of the Yangtze River, Bianshui River, Yellow River, and Wei River were different. According to the different characteristics of each place and the convenient conditions of each place, ships for transporting grain were built and soldiers responsible for water transportation were trained.

The ships from the Yangtze River arrived at Yangzhou, the ships from the Bianshui River arrived at Heyin, the ships from the Yellow River arrived at the mouth of the Wei River where it flows into the Yellow River, and the ships from the Wei River arrived at Taicang. There are rivers along the water between each section. A granary is set up on the side, which is transferred from the previous section to the next section. From then on, the annual shipment of grain sometimes reached more than one million hu of dendrobium, and not a single bucket or liter sank in the water.

Liu Yan built ships in Yangtze. For every ship built, he was paid one thousand min.

Some people say, "The actual cost of building a ship is less than half, and too much money is wasted." Liu Yan said: "That's not the case.

When doing big things, of course you can't skimp on small expenses, and you have to make long-term considerations in everything you do. The shipyard has just begun to be set up, and there are a lot of people working on it. These people should be given priority first. Their personal expenses will not be embarrassed.

The items they make for the government will be solid and reliable. "Original text: Liu Yan was initially a transshipment envoy. He often recruited people who were good at traveling and reported the prices of goods in all directions.

Although they were far away, they all reached the envoy within a few days. The right to control the importance of food and goods is fully controlled, the country will benefit, and the world will not have to worry about being too rich or too low.

Yan also believed that more household registrations would lead to more tax revenue, so he always put caring for the people first in his financial management. Each of the various provinces has a magistrate, who will be assigned to the office every ten months when there is abundant rain, snow, and poor weather in the prefecture or county.

When the officials of the Zhi Yuan saw the impudence, they applied first, saying that a certain amount of exemptions would be needed in a certain month, and a certain amount of relief would be needed in a certain month. When the deadline was reached, Yan Bu would not wait until the prefecture and county applied for it, and then the petition would be implemented. Responding to the people's urgent needs was not a waste of time, so the people could live in peace and quiet, and their household registrations could be restored.

At the beginning, the annual income of wealth was only four million yuan, and every year it was more than ten million yuan. Yan specifically discussed the salt law for military and state purposes, thinking that too many officials would cause trouble, so he only set up salt officials in the hometown of salt, and no longer set up officials in Yuzhou County.

First of all, those who transport the Guandong Valley to Chang'an, because of the strong rivers, and get eight buckets of dendrobium with one handful, will be considered successful and receive good rewards.

Yan thought that the water power of the rivers, Bian, He and Wei was different, and each had its own advantage. He built transport ships and taught the cavalry soldiers. River ships reached Yangzhou, Bian ships reached Heyin, river ships reached Weikou, and Wei ships reached Taicang. In the meantime, they were built along the water. Cang, turn around and receive gifts.

Since the harvest of grain may reach more than one million husks per year, there will be no ups and downs. When Yan was building ships in Yangzi, he was given thousands of coins for each ship, or he said, "The actual use is less than half, and the waste is too much."

Yan said: "Otherwise, those who discuss big plans will not regret tipping, and everything must be a permanent concern. Now that the shipyard is being built, there will be many deacons. We should first make sure that it is used privately without embarrassment, and then the official property will be strong. It’s fixed.

If you don’t care about the plan, you will be able to survive for a long time.” Extended information related background: Liu Yan proposed that to increase fiscal revenue, the prerequisite is to develop production and stabilize people’s livelihood. "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" said that Liu Yan "always puts the care of the people first in financial management", which is something ordinary officials cannot do.

When managing finances, we always put the people first. We must first have the people in mind. To increase fiscal revenue, we must be good at utilizing the commodity economy and be familiar with market conditions.

In his view, there are ways to increase income everywhere, the key lies in whether they can be discovered and utilized. Liu Yan believed that taxing people's needs would be sufficient for the country. That is to say, tax collection should meet the needs of the people and should not blindly plunder the people.

Salt is something that people urgently need, so taxing salt profits makes salt profits an important item to increase fiscal revenue. Character introduction: Liu Yan (716-780), courtesy name Shi'an.

Economic reformer and financial planner in the Tang Dynasty. Liu Yan implemented a series of financial reform measures such as reforming the Salt Law, reforming water transportation, and reforming the Changping Law, and made important contributions to the economic development of the Tang Dynasty after the Anshi Rebellion.

"Complete Tang Literature" and "Complete Tang Poetry" contain Liu Yan's works. 6. Ancient texts describing businessmen, or describing the concept of interests

The concept of businessmen’s interests is a broad concept. Different people in different eras have different concepts, including big merchants and hawkers.

Some people do business to benefit the country and the people, while some do business to benefit themselves and their families. The following are two articles for reference only. If the warehouse is solid, you will know etiquette; if you have enough food and clothing, you will know honor and disgrace. "

Etiquette is born from existence and is discarded from non-existence. Therefore, a gentleman is rich and likes to practice his virtue; a villain is rich to suit his abilities.

The abyss is deep and fish are born, and the mountains are deep. When the beast goes there, a person's wealth will be more beneficial to him. If he loses his wealth, he will have nothing to gain.

The proverb goes: "The son of a rich man will benefit greatly." Don't die in the city. "

This is not empty talk. Therefore, it is said: "Every bustle in the world is for benefit; the bustle in the world is all for benefit." "

The king of thousands of chariots, the prince of thousands of families, the king of hundreds of houses, is still suffering from poverty, and what is worse than the people who have a single household." If there is no business, the three treasures will be lost; if there is no fear, there will be little wealth."

If there is little wealth, there will be no mountains and rivers. These four are the source of food and clothing for the people.

If it is big, it will be rare; if it is small, it will be fresh. The country at the top will be rich, and the family at the bottom will be rich.

The way between rich and poor is not to take away what is given, and those who are skillful will have more than enough, while those who are clumsy will have less. Therefore, the Taigong wanted to be granted a title in Yingqiu. The land was flooded with saltwater and the people were few. So the Taigong advised his daughter to practice martial arts with great skill and know how to use fish and salt.

Therefore, Qi crowns, wears clothes and walks around the world, gathers his sleeves between Hai and Dai and goes to the court. Later, when the Qi Dynasty declined, Guan Zi built it and established nine major and minor palaces. Then Huan Gong became the hegemon, united the nine princes, and unified the world. The Guan family also had three returns, serving as accompanying ministers, and was richer than the kings of other countries.

Therefore, Qi’s wealth and strength are the prestige and propaganda. Hope this helps.