Anecdote: The Origin of Place Names in Beijing

Anecdote: The Origin of Place Names in Beijing

A, kiln:

There are many kilns in Beijing, such as Dabei Kiln, Heiyao Factory Street, Liujiayao, Dawa Kiln, Xiaowa Kiln, Cuijia Kiln, Jiabao Kiln, Deng Jia Kiln, Yan Kiln and Wei Kiln. Why do all these place names carry the word kiln? This is because Cheng Zu of the Ming Dynasty moved to Beijing in 65438 AD for his own political needs. Due to the need of urban construction, a large number of skilled craftsmen from Shaanxi poured into Beijing, which gradually increased the number of kiln sites in Beijing and concentrated in the Cheng Nan generation. At that time, the kiln mainly produced bricks and tiles, which was necessary for the construction of new Beijing city.

Second, South Lishi Road:

In the first 40 years of the 20th century, the transportation from Beijing to Mentougou and other suburbs was very inconvenient, so renting donkeys near Fuchengmen became the best choice for ordinary families at that time. As a result, a "donkey market road" for pedestrians to rent donkeys westbound appeared near Fuchengmen. In addition, there is a famous Baiyun Temple nearby, where temple fairs are often held, so it is fashionable to visit Baiyun Temple by donkey. Until 49 years later, when the place name was adjusted, because donkeys were no longer rented here, "Donkey City Road" was not elegant enough, so it was renamed as Lishi Road, and the southern section of this road became Nanlishi Road.

Three, Wukesong:

In the Qing Dynasty, there was the cemetery of Ying Shao, the prefect, surrounded by five tall ancient pine trees. At that time, it was inconvenient for people to go to Jingxi, and bandits often robbed, so pedestrians met under the Wukesong tree and then walked together, and the name Wukesong was called far from now on. Later 1965, the country built the subway. Due to technical problems, Wukesong trees died one after another. In order to commemorate the historical significance of this place name, Wukesong tree was replanted here.

Fourth, the apple orchard:

According to legend, in the Ming Dynasty, a eunuch was favored and got a lot of private money, so he bought a large piece of land in Jingxi and planted all kinds of fruits and vegetables. But perhaps because of water and soil problems, only apples grow best here, so he ordered that only apples be planted. In this way, a huge apple orchard appeared in Jingxi. Of course, the apple trees here were later cut down and turned into farmland, but the place names kept calling and never changed.

Five, Suzhou Street:

Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty liked to go out for inspection and once took his mother with him. This trip is to Suzhou, and it is also the first time that Empress Dowager Cixi visited Jiangnan, which is an eye-opener. After returning to the palace, I still remember the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan, but I can't travel often because I am old. Emperor Qianlong was filial to his mother, so he decided to build a Soviet-style commercial street, commonly known as Suzhou Street, from Manjuji to Haidian Town. This street is not only built like the street in Suzhou, but also the buyers and sellers in it are selected by Emperor Qianlong from Gusu City, which can be described as authentic. Unfortunately, this street was burned down in 1860 when the British and French allied forces invaded China, and it has existed in name only ever since.

Six, princess grave:

Gongzhufen is located in Fuxingmenwai Street Garden. According to records, it is not a real princess, but Kong Sizhen, the adopted daughter of the emperor shunzhi's mother. His father's name is Kong Youde, and he is very successful. The emperor shunzhi regarded him as a founding hero, and he lived in Shunzhi for nine years. Kong Youde conquered Liuzhou and was killed. Sourdrang queen identified Kong Sizhen as her adopted daughter, stayed in the palace and raised her, and named her Princess Heshuo. Kong Sizhen has been good at riding and shooting since childhood and is proficient in martial arts. He was lucky enough to succeed his father to the throne of King Nan, and later married Sun Yanling, the Minister of the Interior, and went to Guangxi to take charge of military affairs. Grandma took refuge in Wu Sangui and betrayed the Qing court. Kong Sizhen resolutely opposed the rebellion of Sun and Wu, and led a crusade to quell the rebellion in Yunnan. Emperor Kangxi called her back to Beijing and made her a knight, becoming the queen of the Qing Dynasty. After Kong Sizhen died, the Qing court held a grand funeral for her and buried her here, calling it the "Princess Tomb".

Seven, Ma Lianghe:

There is a river outside Dongzhimen called Maliang River. Because ancient business travelers often gathered here, they had to wash horses in the river and then dry them nearby, so it was named "Maliang River", and later it was gradually changed to Maliang River.

Eight, overpass:

Tianqiao is a bridge that the ancient emperors had to cross every time they offered sacrifices to heaven. Because only the emperor can walk, it is called overpass, and under the overpass is the famous Longxugou. The earliest overpass was made of white marble, which was very beautiful. Guangxu years changed to stone bridge. Then in the Republic of China, after new modifications, the original overpass no longer existed, but the place names were handed down.

9. Changchun Street:

Changchun Street was originally named Lai Xiang Street. In ancient times, the royal family liked elephants very much and used them to carry things and pull carts. So some houses to tame elephants were built near Changchun Street. However, due to the deduction of the cost of taming elephants, these places can't domesticate elephants, but the names have remained.

X. dengshikou:

Wang Fu Street to the east of Donghuamen, and Erlihu Lake to the west of Chongwen Street, which is now the area of dengshikou. The fifteenth day of the first month is Shangyuan Festival, also called Lantern Festival, which is called Lantern Festival by the people. In the past, Beijingers not only ate Yuanxiao, but also celebrated the Lantern Festival. Beijing Lantern Festival has a long history and flourished in the Ming Dynasty. At that time, the emperor also gave 100 officials a ten-day holiday to celebrate the Lantern Festival. As soon as the lanterns were released, men, women and children came out, and there were more than 10,000 tourists from far and near, so dengshikou was named after the Lantern Festival.

Xi。 Beixinqiao:

Legend has it that after highlighting the dragon lady's water reed, the dragon lady fled to the Black Dragon Pool in the north of the mountain with her injured daughter and settled there. The Dragon Palace was furious and flooded to catch up with the highlights. After Gao Liang died, the amount of water decreased. But the Dragon Palace always held its breath, but it was not to be taunted by Liu Bowen, so he took his son and grandson to the underground along Yuquan Spring, which is why there are so many Yuquan Springs, so sweet. A few years later, Liu Bowen and his entourage left Beijing to see the emperor. When the Dragon Palace heard that Liu Bowen had left, it took Zi Long to Beijing from the underground waterway. The father and son bumped into several sea eyes in succession, all because the objects in the town could not be knocked out. Later, I went to the northeast of Beijing and saw a sea eye. The dragon palace took the dragon son and hit it again. I didn't expect it to come out of the ground this time. In the blink of an eye, Wang Yang has been in all directions. Yao, the second strategist, heard the report and said that Liu Bowen had expected the dragon to make trouble, but it was really the dragon. In a hurry, holding a sword, according to Liu Bowen's entrustment, he fought fiercely with the dragon, and the dragon and the dragon were caught, and the water also fell. Yao locked the Dragon Palace in the cracked sea eye and built a deep shaft with a long chain. A temple with three halls was built on the well. In order to thank Marshal Yue Fei for helping him keep the Dragon Palace, Yao ordered people to worship Yue Fei in the temple. When the Dragon Palace was locked in the sea eye, he asked when he could come out. Yao said to him, when the bridge here is old, you will make wings for it one day. From then on, this area is called Beixinqiao, so Beixinqiao has no bridge and no wings. When Zi Long was locked in the sea eye under Chongwenmen Mosaic Bridge, he also asked when he would come out. Yao said that as long as you hear the sound of iodine when you open the city gate, you can come out. From here on, Chongwenmen Kaicheng and Guancheng no longer use iodine, but all use bells. (Part of the text in the previous paragraph is quoted from "Clouds in Beijing"-author Hou Renzhi)

XII. Xidan, Dongdan, Xisi, Dongsi and Dongsi:

There were many archways in ancient Beijing. In ancient Xidan, there was an archway called the single archway. Because this place was in the west of Beijing, it was called Xidan archway, which was later referred to as Xidan for short. Dongdan has the same name. As for Xisi, Xisi once had four archways, and therefore it was located in the west of Beijing, so it was called Xisi archway, hereinafter referred to as Xisi, with the same name as Dongsi. The reason for Dongsishitu was that the East-West Hutong was relatively wide at that time, and the name of the bus station was called Dongsishitu for short. Later, this place name spread and was used.

Thirteen, * * room, SAO camp:

* * * House is located in Cuigezhuang Township, north of Wangjing, which was once a gathering place for farmers named Cui. There are different opinions about this name, and there are two most convincing ones. One is the * * * room, where the Qing imperial palace selected wet nurses. Secondly, this place name called * * * room originated in the Yuan Dynasty, when there was a horse farm and horse milk for Mongolian nobles, which was called * * * room. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the villages developed into two villages, the East Village of Ma * * and the Saoziying Village of the West Village of Ma * *, which were located on the west side of Yuanmingyuan. Recently, they were the barracks of Mongolian soldiers, and they were named after * * * calling Mongolian soldiers Sao * *.

Fourteen, Wangfujing:

Wangfujing originated from an unknown village in Liao and Jin Dynasties. After the Yuan Dynasty, the population gradually became dense. 1267, Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu ordered the establishment of Wangfujing, but it was then called "T-Street". Ten palaces were built here in the Ming Dynasty, and Wangfujing took shape and was renamed Wang Fu Tenth Street. Ten Kings were abolished in the Qing Dynasty and renamed Wang Fu Street or Wang Fu Street. 19 15, when Beiyang * * * drew the detailed map of four cities in the suburbs of Beijing, it divided this street into three sections: Wang Fu Street in the north, Bamiancao in the middle and Wang Fu Street in the south, because there is a sweet well called Wang Fu. These are all recorded in historical materials. Now I go shopping in Wangfujing, and these introductions are on the street radio. Wangfujing is famous for its rich records, official yearbooks, anecdotes and many interesting stories and legends.

1965438+On the evening of February 29th, 2002, soldiers looted Dong 'an market and set fire to Dong 'an cinema, turning the market into ashes. This is the first Wangfujing fire in the old man's memory. Another fire broke out on the night of June 9, 1920, when a toy store caught fire, delaying the whole market. Only several firms, such as Beidao Xiangchun and Donglaishun, survived, which is also a rather unbearable memory. By 1933, Wangfujing has made great progress. At that time, Dongan Market was already a place of "arachis duranensis", and there were many places to go. According to statistics, there were as many as 925 vendors in the whole market at that time, and the grand occasion at that time was recorded in many famous reminiscences. After liberation, the development of Wangfujing began with the completion of 1955 Beijing Wangfujing Department Store, which is the first state-owned department store in New China and is called "the first store in New China". 1September, 999 1 1, Wangfujing was "opened for the first time" after the renovation. At that time, the average daily passenger flow reached 300 thousand, and the holiday reached 700 thousand. On September 1 1 day, 2000, on the eve of the Mid-Autumn Festival, Wangfujing opened its streets for the second time. After this expansion, Wangfujing Business District starts from Chang 'an Street in the south, reaches the west exit of Deng Shi in the north, reaches Jinyu Hutong in the east and Donganmen Street in the west, which is just a "golden cross" structure. This "freezing" indicates that this ancient commercial street is moving towards the goal of Beijing Central Business District. (Part of the above text is quoted from "Contemporary Beijing Tourism History-Author Kimberly". )

Fifteen, Jiuxian Bridge:

There is an ancient stone bridge in the original Bahe River, namely Jiuxian Bridge, and there is a Brewmaster Temple next to Jiuxian Bridge. Legend has it that on the day when the bridge was built, no one dared to go first, fearing that they would lose the bridge if they were unlucky. When the sun went down, an old man with a gray beard came pushing a unicycle. The car was loaded with two baskets of wine on each side, and went straight to the bridge, so it was easily pushed onto the bridge. Everyone says that the old man is not weak and must be blessed. Unexpectedly, before the words were finished, the wheelbarrow pushed to the top of the bridge tilted to the right, and two baskets of wine crossed the bridge wing and fell into the river. Unexpectedly, the old man didn't look at it, so he quickly pushed the car and disappeared across the bridge. Everyone thought, strangely enough, two baskets of wine fell into the river and were discarded. A careful person also said: one side of the car is more than 200 kilograms, the other side is empty, and it is still pushing away quickly. Who has this ability? It must be a fairy! Just as we were talking, suddenly a smell of wine flew out of the river, met a fairy and had good wine, so someone suggested calling this bridge Jiuxian Bridge.

After the Jiuxian Bridge is built, nearby villagers and residents will always smell the wine, and people who like to drink will scoop out their rice bowls from home. As soon as the news spread, the riverside became a hotel and everyone came to drink this free wine. On this day, an old man with a black beard came, carrying a basket of wine and furniture, and built a shed by the river to sell wine. In front of the shed, there is a sign that the old shochu is really clean. Since then, the water in the river, the smell of wine is getting weaker every day, and the business of the old man with black beard is getting stronger every day. A young man in the village wondered what the old man with black beard was doing and decided to secretly observe it. One night, after dinner, the young man waited in the sorghum field next to the wine shed. In the middle of the night, the old man with black beard came out, and when he saw no one around, he went to the river with a wine basket and spoon and scooped most of the water into the shed. The next day, the villagers of Jiuxianqiao followed the young man and went straight to the old man's wine shed with black beard. Here, I was shocked, not only the old man with black beard, but also the old man with white beard who pushed the car across the bridge and dropped the wine basket, and an old man with white beard more than two feet long. They are tearing down the shed and arranging the furniture. The old man with white beard looked at the puzzled people and burst out laughing. He pointed to the old man with white beard and said, it was my son who poured the wine into the water. Another old man with a black beard said that my grandson poured water into the wine, so there was no Brewmaster. Say that finish, they packed their things and walked away. Since then, the river in Jiuxianqiao has lost its wine flavor. Since I arrived here, wine sellers in Jiuxianqiao area are afraid to pour water into the wine, let alone pour wine into the water!

Sixteen, Madian:

Madian is located at the starting point of Badaling Expressway. According to legend, it used to be a distribution center for horse trafficking in the capital of the Ming Dynasty, named Madian, which later evolved into Madian. During Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, there was a tea shop in Deshengmen. The owner's surname is Chang. He is famous for the variety and good quality of tea. Who knows that he was addicted to gambling, and lost all his possessions and tea shops in less than a year, so he had to move out of the city and catch a carriage outside Deshengmen. Once he followed his master to Mongolia to buy horses. When he came back, he wanted to sell some horses, so he quit his job and bought three horses to sell, less than ten miles from Deshengmen. As expected, the horse was sold a few days later. In this way, it was sold everywhere and developed again half a year. Others saw that he made a lot of money selling horses and followed suit. Many Mongolians also rushed to sell horses here, and gradually formed a horse trading market in this area. During the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty, there were more and more shops in this area, forming a scattered place for horse merchants. By the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, it had basically become a village, commonly known as Madian. During the Qianlong period, the horse of the Mongolian king Gongguna arrived in Beijing. Because Madian is located in the northern suburbs, the ground is open and rich in aquatic plants, which is very suitable for releasing horses. So the jockey was imprisoned here, waiting for the selection of the officials of Shangdian (the royal department responsible for raising horses), and the rest of the horses were sold on the spot. After the Republic of China, although Madian was changed to Madian, there were still more than 20 Madian. Madian didn't gradually disappear until the 1930s and 1940s, but the place names of Madian have been called today (the above paragraphs are quoted from The History of the Development of Place Names in Beijing-By Sun Donghu).

17. Haidian, Furong Lane, Daoxiang Garden, Wanquan River.

The name of Haidian comes from its previous geomorphological features. Hundreds of years ago, Beijing was once a beautiful water town with criss-crossing rivers and streams. Haidian Town in the center of Haidian District has a vast water area because there are hot springs flowing through it. The name "Haidian" refers to the landform with water networks at that time. Looking at the place names near Haidian Town, we can find that they all contain this information.

Haidian Town is located in the present Haidian Book City. To its south, there is a place called Li Furong. Now, when I walk into Li Furong Community, I can see the tall hibiscus trees everywhere (the author here is wrong, it should be Albizia Albizzia, and I have been to Li Furong Community when I have no classes). Some people think that this place is named after it. Little did I know that the hibiscus in this place name originally refers to the lotus in the water, not the wooden hibiscus tree. A long time ago, it was a Zeguo, and there were many lotus flowers in the water, so it was named Li Furong. The hibiscus tree was specially planted to match this place name.

Not far from Furong Lane, there is also a Daoxiang Garden. It used to be rice. In the northern region, wheat is the main food crop due to climate and other reasons. Here is an accident, because the hot springs in the northwest flow through here, bringing rich irrigation water sources and becoming a special scenery here.

There is also a place name near Haidian Town-Wanquan River. The source of this river used to be countless springs in the northwest, hence its name. Wanquan River was once the main channel for drinking water irrigation here. It has played an important role in the production and life of Haidian people.