Main types of catering industry and accommodation industry

The classification of catering industry is mainly formed for the convenience of restaurant evaluation and supervision, which can be roughly divided into five categories: tourist hotels, restaurants, buffet and box lunch industries, cold drinks industries and vendors. The important contents and characteristics of catering are described as follows.

I. Tourist hotels

The catering function of tourist hotels is the same as that of the hotels mentioned above.

Museums are the same. Tourist hotels can be divided into international tourist hotels and general tourist hotels. Among them, international tourist hotels not only provide accommodation for foreign tourists, but also attract a large number of local tourists with their elegant style, exquisite tableware, world food concept and perfect service. In addition, the hotel has a large space, complete equipment and high professional standards of staff, so it can also have other functions such as gourmet banquets, weddings, funerals and celebrations, exhibitions and conferences, give full play to the marginal utility of catering, and guide the popularity of catering trends.

Second, the restaurant.

A restaurant refers to a place where diners eat formally. General restaurants can be divided into Chinese restaurants and western restaurants according to different tastes of products, and their characteristics are as follows:

1, Chinese restaurant

China has a vast territory, many nationalities and different folk customs. It often shapes a variety of articles on the basis of geography, climate, customs, people's feelings, economy and other factors.

Personality has formed unique eating habits and wonderful cooking methods, such as "sweet in the south, salty in the north, spicy in the east and sour in the west"-each region has formed its own unique cuisine, including snacks and big dishes, such as Sichuan, Shandong, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hunan, Yunnan and Beijing.

2. Western restaurant

The definition of western restaurant refers to a restaurant that is westernized in decoration, caters to Europe and the United States, and mainly serves western-style services. For the convenience of a large number of consumers who are unfamiliar with western food, most western restaurants offer set meals, such as a meal and b meal, followed by soup, salad, main course, dessert and final drink. In order to attract more guests, some western restaurants even offer Chinese menus such as ribs rice and chicken leg rice for guests to choose from. So eating western food now is not the patent of the rich, and there is no special dining etiquette. Recreation is more important than dinner. At present, in addition to hotels and high-end steakhouses, the flavor of traditional western food is guaranteed, and the general western food has a different taste.

Third, buffet and fast food industry.

1, buffet

The purpose of buffet is to provide diversified diets with rich nutrition and low price for people who work and go to school outside. At present, self-service is not only widely used in schools, institutions and other groups, but also widely accepted by general commercial restaurants. Buffet has become a popular way to eat all over the world.

The prototype of cafeteria originated from YWCA in Kansa, Missouri, USA in 189 1. 1893, John R.Thompbom bought a restaurant in Chicago and successfully introduced this service concept. Customers choose their favorite food on the dining table, becoming the first cafeteria and the first restaurant to control food supply and demand by using electric conveyor belts and central distribution. 1926, he has 126 restaurants in the midwest and south. The key to its success is to reduce the labor cost to 15% of sales, which is far lower than other catering industries (20%-30%).

Buffet can be divided into two forms (such as table 1-2). One is that the guests take their own dishes at the dining table and then pay the bill according to the number of samples, which is called self-help; In English; The other is that guests can bring their own food, but you can eat as much as you want at a time. This is called buffet in English. Both modes are self-help or semi-self-help (the feed is provided by the waiter). In today's society with high labor costs, this service model is indeed an inevitable catering trend.

In the past, the dining tables in the cafeteria were all designed in a straight line (Figure 1-3). Customers enter from the same direction and wait patiently for the checkout after getting the food. At present, there are improved free-flowing dining table design (figure 1-4) and serrated dining table design (figure 1-5), which enable customers to cut into the food they need, which is extremely flexible, can reduce the hard work and time waste in queuing, improve customer satisfaction and improve the utilization rate of restaurants.

The "all you can eat" buffet launched in the 1970s greatly impacted the management mode of the catering industry. Consumers are no longer afraid to go to big hotels because they are not familiar with ordering skills, and they are not bound by the combination of packages. Therefore, this catering method is widely loved by consumers, especially in the last two or three years, and it has become the main catering business of major hotels.

2. Box lunch industry

The box lunch industry, also known as the fast food industry (called the box lunch industry in Taiwan Province Province), can be said to be a major catering feature of rice-based ethnic groups. With the change of lifestyle of urbanites, there are fewer and fewer lunches, and the fast food industry in metropolis is developing rapidly.

The main suppliers of box lunch are students, employees of factories and institutions and patients in hospitals, and the price ranges from 4 to 12 yuan at most. The color and nutrients of dishes vary according to the price, mainly including main courses (such as fried ribs and chicken legs), semi-meat dishes (eggs and shredded pork) and vegetarian dishes. 90

Hotels can be classified in many ways. Such as classification by construction site, classification by purpose of use, classification by grade, etc. These different types of development zones are remarkable. Classified by location, such as development zone motels, built next to gas stations and repair shops; According to the use function, such as Ibis/Accor, TEDA Business Hotel, Beijing Ren Peng Hotel Apartment, its use purpose can be listed as business hotel; As for the classification by grade, there can be Renaissance TEDA Hotel (five-star), TEDA Center (four-star) and Jinfan Building (three-star). What I want to introduce here is the classification of grades.

Grading comes from the needs of different consumption levels.

First, the classification of hotel grades

1, the main basis for scoring. Internationally, hotels are often graded according to environmental scale, buildings, equipment, facilities, decoration, management, service items and quality. Star rating system is a popular classification method in the world, especially in Europe. The higher the star rating, the higher the hotel grade and level. Many countries regard five stars (including platinum five stars) as the highest level and give it a beautiful logo. For example, Britain uses roses as the logo. However, no matter how many grades are divided, it is a comprehensive standard, and we can't judge by several or several items alone.

2. The main contents of classification include:

(1) Comfort. Comfort comprehensively reflects the indoor and outdoor environment of the hotel. Including many aspects, the most important thing is the lot environment and garden situation. Four-star and five-star luxury hotels often choose the best outdoor landscape, beautiful gardens, spacious driveways and parking lots.

Convenient outdoor space. Through the window, you can enjoy the surrounding scenery, and there is a garden for guests to rest and a place for communication. Speaking of which, I thought of two Tang poems. Perhaps the poet saw the snow scene in winter through the window of the inn, so he improvised a quatrain of "the window contains the snow in the west, and the door of Wu Dong Wan Li is moored". The hotel should be poetic and picturesque to make the guests relaxed and happy. Last autumn, I stood in the second phase building of Pengren Garden, looked at a flying bridge from the window and heard the sound of a waterfall. I can't help but think of Du Mu's poem "A Fang Gong Fu", "Long bridge lies on waves, no clouds." I also rewrote this famous sentence into a couplet, saying, "The long bridge lies on the waves without hitting Eric, and the Kunlun stands tall and beautiful." Please ask my father to make a slight correction and hang it upstairs. Some famous sayings accidentally remembered from the vitality of architecture later became the power and source of my passionate creation (architecture is an art, and real estate development itself is a kind of creation). It can be seen that a good environment is very important for the enjoyment of hotel guests!

(2) Customer investment. In the 1970s, five-star hotels became popular, and the investment per room (about 40 square meters) was between 20,000 and 55,000 dollars. In the 1980s, the investment per customer reached more than $654.38 million. 2 1 century, with the progress of science and technology and the improvement of consumption level, this kind of investment is still rising. At present, the investment in the decoration of five-star standard rooms is 654.38+10,000 RMB (excluding facilities and public decoration).

(3) room area. Room area is an important condition for room comfort. Countries that implement the hierarchical system have defined the detailed requirements for the area of suites, luxury suites and bathrooms in relevant regulations.

In a word, the hotel level is not strict on scale, but it is very strict on environment, investment, room area and facilities.

Two, the newly promulgated national five-star hotel division

Five-star and platinum five-star (super luxury five-star) have detailed classification and requirements in the Classification and Evaluation of Tourist Hotels (GB/T 1 4308-2003) promulgated and implemented on June 65438+February, 2003. Selecting the best, refining and summarizing have the following important aspects:

1. Layout and functions. Reasonable layout, complete functions and convenient and safe facilities. Layout and function should be the most important in the hierarchy. Mr. Liang Sicheng, an outstanding architect in the field of architecture, said in the preface of "Architectural History of China": "The vertical and horizontal support or connection of a frame is often an organic organization with a plain outline, colorful paintings and sculptures, and the detailed distribution of doors and windows." Here you can use the wisdom of Master Liang Sicheng to understand the layout of the hotel. Layout is often the need of function, so I think hotel classification should be the most important of layout and function.

2. Number and standard of customers. The level of the hotel does not require high scale, "at least 40 rooms (sets) can be rented (that is, for guests to register and use)." However, the five-star requirements for customers are more detailed, and the 26 items are exactly the same as the 26 English letters. Many people think that three-star hotel rooms are not much different from four-star and five-star rooms. Actually, it's not. Haven't you heard that China's five stars are much worse than those abroad? What is the reason? That is, many five-star hotels in China only pay attention to the appearance and basic configuration of guest rooms, but ignore many important aspects such as environmental protection, noise control, avoidance of harmful substances, cultural taste, developed communication and service level.

3. Network communication system. Five-star hotels need computer management system and communication network system. Among several well-known hotels in Binhai New Area, Tianbao International Hotel (quasi-five-star) may be the best in these aspects. Pengrenyuan Hotel Apartment will make great efforts in this respect, such as LAN, VOD on demand, installation of temperature and airflow sensors in the control room according to floors, installation of simultaneous interpretation and remote video conferencing system in the conference room, installation of film projectors and multi-function projection screens in the multi-function hall, and so on.

4. Soft environment conditions. Many clauses in the five-star standard are about service level, which is a requirement for soft environment. In recent years, well-known hotels at home and abroad have made a big fuss about "PERSONALIZTD ZTD service" and actively promoted it. Personalized service and humanized service are being further integrated with standardized and customized services. In addition, the foreign language level of service personnel is required to be able to use daily language freely and talk with guests skillfully, and employees in important positions should have no less than CET-4.

5. Environment and culture. Most five-star hotels have beautiful gardens, which have shaped the cultural and architectural concepts of "heaven and earth enter my heart and heaven and earth enter my house". Five-star hotels must be unique in environment and appearance. The ancient buildings in China pay great attention to "Feng Shui". The application of geomantic omen theory has become the treasure of the world cultural library. Preface to the Orchid Pavilion is a masterpiece handed down by Wang Xizhi in the Jin Dynasty. It is amazing that the Orchid Pavilion has beautiful descriptions such as "high mountains, lush forests, bamboo cultivation" and "flowing water". Patrick Abelon, a famous British architect, once praised China for its geomantic architecture. He wrote, "The scenery of China displayed under Feng Shui may be the most beautiful scenery ever." Dr Needham of Britain also thinks that China's scientific humanities are based on two main foundations. He said this: "It never separates man from nature …" So the five-star standard should have higher requirements for the environment.

Five-star hotels have many standard projects. This paper only summarizes what is considered to be more important, and attaches some personal experiences as a contribution to those who care about "Beijing Pengrenyuan Store Apartment".