Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Hotel accommodation - Master Ma and General Wu Ying

Master Ma and General Wu Ying

The commander of the fifth battalion is:

Li, commander-in-chief of Zhongying, is yellow in color, commanding 3,000 military horses and 30,000 troops, known as the three Qin Jun;

Zhang Gong, commander-in-chief of Japan, was blue in color, commanding 9000 troops and 90000 soldiers, which was called Jiuyi Army in history;

The sage led the south camp Xiao Gong, whose color was red, and he unified 80,000 horses and 80,000 soldiers, which was called the Eight Barbarian Army.

Under the command of Saint Gong Liu of Xiying, it is white in color, with 6,000 horses and 60,000 soldiers, and is called the Sixth Army.

The northern camp is in charge of the sages, who are black in color, with five thousand troops and fifty thousand soldiers, which are collectively known as the Five Emperors' Army.

According to the records in Nanying Wuying, the belief in Wuying was formed at the latest before the Han and Jin Dynasties, while the Taoist scriptures between Han and Jin Dynasties recorded that the concept of Wuying was gradually formed from the beginning of her existence, and it was recorded by the world a long time later, so it may have been formed in the Han Dynasty or earlier.

Wuying, a "military camp" with the temple as the center and arranged according to the five elements, comes from the Taoist concept of five elements, that is, the eastern color is green for spring, the southern color is red for summer, the western color is gold and white for autumn, the northern color is black for winter, and the China color is yellow, forming a circular space, symbolizing the endless operation of the universe.

Dongyi, Nanman, Xirong, Beidi and Zhong Qin adopted the bugle call of General Wuying, which is a unified concept reflecting departmentalism and should be an idea derived from "making its capital in Guanzhong". From the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, the relationship between Guanzhong and Sanqin was determined. The early Taoist scriptures were formed in the era when Guanzhong lost its historical memory, so the Sanqin preserved in the law is the central symbol of Guanzhong, and Chang 'an is its capital. Therefore, Guanzhong is the garrison and garrison of three Qin Jun generals. As for the Dongyi Army, the Nanman Army, the Xirong Army, the Beidi Army, and the four-sided and surrounding defense stations, they are the contrast of the central edge, and their importance lies in foreign defense.

The fifth battalion can be divided into five battalions inside and five battalions outside. According to the theory of gods, all righteous gods sealed by the emperor, such as Guandi, Mazu, Baosheng Emperor and the princes of various houses, have set up five camps outside; Generally speaking, if you are not the God of Destiny, such as Wanshan Lord and Popular Lord, you will only build an internal camp or not.

The Inner Five Battalion is a praetorian guard, which is responsible for the safety and defense of the temple altar headquarters. Usually, the symbols are shrines, tokens, Wu Yingqi and Wu Yingtou, which are mostly placed on the left or right side of the altar in the outer hall, and some are installed in the inner hall or side hall.

Token: it is a rectangular wooden sign with a triangular spire, painted with a picture of a python and a dragon, or covered with a coat embroidered with a dragon, and written with the title of the Lord God, like a royal decree, symbolizing the Lord God. Usually inserted in the center of the bucket seat.

Wuying Banner: Also known as Wufang Banner or Yingtou Banner, it is a pennant based on the five colors of the camp. Each flag indicates the title of battalion marshal, the number of troops and horses, and is usually inserted in the four directions of the bucket seat according to the direction.

Colonel of the Fifth Battalion: It is also a puppet colonel set up according to the Five Battalions and Five Colors. Generally, people wear needles and puppets. Its configuration varies from temple to temple, and there are four kinds of complete, two or three kinds of worship, and a single kind of worship.

There are also five treasures: seven-star sword, shark horn sword, copper stick, moon axe and stab ball, which are also combined with the four symbols of Neiwuying, among which seven-star sword is the most common; The five treasures are used in the inner five battalions, mainly for the mage or student to transfer the camp to send symbols. Wuying Banner is not only the main symbol of the Inner Five Battalion, but also the symbol of the military strength of the Five Battalion here. It is also a sacred object sent by a mage or a student. It is usually used with the Five Treasures.

Waiwuying is a five-party camp centered on the temple and located in the temple. It is the defense force of the temple. Its camp location, choose the entrance, intersection, bend or commanding heights of five main roads, which are horns with each other to avoid the invasion of evil spirits. The middle camp is usually placed in front of or behind the temple or on the Chinese side, and some are placed in the temple. If not, it can be dominated by the five camps. Foreign material camp can be divided into:

1. Open-air type-there is no hardware building at all, only a flag or bamboo symbol is inserted on the base of the camp, or a simple base is surrounded by iron sheets, culvert pipes or masonry cement for protection, or natural highlands or artificial mounds are used as the camp, and brick wall terraces are used to prevent soil erosion.

Second, the shrine style-shaped like a small shrine, the small one is not above the knee, and the highest one is less than the chest. This style is the most popular among the five camps in Taiwan Province Province.

Third, the small temple style-made of bricks and tiles, just like building a small temple, not only higher than adults, but also more exquisite in shape and building materials.

Four, pagoda-up to nine floors, the top of the tower is usually guarded by stone tigers.

The symbols of Waiwuying are roughly as follows:

Divine position-written on bamboo board, title and commander-in-chief are also written directly on the wall.

Lingqi-such as Neiwuying Triangle Lingqi.

Tokens-such as Nai Wuying's token.

The heads of five battalions-for example, the heads of five battalions in the mainland.

Green bamboo symbol-usually a bamboo knot about two feet high, with the name of the camp, the number of commanders and soldiers on it, or just a symbol of a town; Bamboo heads are mostly wrapped in gold paper symbols, red cloth or five-color cloth. The bamboo symbol is the most collocated one among the five battalions. One battalion has a bamboo symbol and five * * * devices, representing five battalions.

Wafu-painting five camp spells on red tiles is the most common in Penghu.

Stone symbols-writing or carving five symbols on stones and stone tablets are also common in Penghu. Otherwise, it shall be installed in combination with Shi Gandang.

Plow-Plow symbol, which is installed on the iron plate of cattle plow together with the symbol, is often used together with other symbols.

Gold paper symbol-Write five camp spells or imperial edicts on gold paper.

Portraits of Marshal Wu Ying and his military forces in the camp niche.

Statues-Statues made of bamboo, paper, wood and stone.

Bamboo screen-that is, rice screen, painted with Tai Chi Eight Diagrams, Seven Stars and other spells, usually used for auxiliary camp.

Pots, bowls and stoves-add pots, bowls or stoves in the niche or in front of the camp, which means offering sacrifices and controlling evil spirits. In some areas, due to the limited terrain, the fifth battalion is usually concentrated in front of the temple. In addition, besides the Five Battalions, there are auxiliary battalions in the periphery, and the symbols are mostly bamboo symbols, black orders, bamboo screens and order flags.

Battalion commanders are called marshals, generals or saints. According to local conditions, each system has at least seven configurations:

One: Zhang, Xiao, Liu, Lianzhong Palace and Li (Jian 'an area).

Two: Lin, Xu, Ma, Pang and Shi (Dongshi Village).

Three: Zhao, Du, Li, Zhou and Liu (Dahongli, Xinying City).

Four: Wen, Kang, Ma, Zhao and Li (south of Yanshui Town Bridge).

Five: Kang, Zhang, Zhao, Ma and Li (Penghu).

Six: Xin, Chi, Jiang, Hong and Li (Penghu).

Seven: Luo Kun, Liang Wen, Luo Can, Zhao Xian and Nezha. Among all the systems, the combination of Zhang, Xiao, Liu, Lian and Li is the best.

Only after a certain ceremony, that is, the so-called camping, can the Fifth Battalion exert its great power. After that, it is necessary to "reward" soldiers regularly (kill soldiers) and collect and release soldiers at the selected time. It is usually held when the temple is completed or the installation ceremony is held. The purpose is to open the camp and release the soldiers, and order Wuying to guard the five parties in the temple area and protect the people in China. Camping is a ritual, which is practiced by mediums or professional clergy with objects, symbols and language. There are two kinds of camping: primitive camping and camping at the age of 18. The former (including those who have moved) settled for the first time, and the latter settled regularly or irregularly after settlement.

After the camp is released, no one else is allowed to approach it, nor are they allowed to touch or move at will, so as not to desecrate the magic commander. After that, every year on a fixed date (some are not fixed), the symbols of each camp are replaced with new ones, giving them new gods and powers. This is called 20-year-old camping. As for the date, there are different places, roughly: the birthday of the main god of each temple, the most one, and some mainly celebrate the temple.

Guanying, also known as Guanjun, is a sign of putting away the Fifth Battalion, indicating that the Fifth Battalion will be evacuated. Its ceremonies are like camping, or simplified to be handled by temples. What's more, it's just a verbal camping. The symbols of the outer five camps should also be temporarily taken back to the temple for safekeeping, and the camp niches should be covered with red cloth. As for the horse grass water, it should also be emptied at the same time, and no longer placed and incense.

One year's income, two years' income, no income. The annual income is in July of the lunar calendar, and the troops are discharged at the end of June. The two awards in a year are the lunar July and the lunar new year; The former is the end of June, and the latter is the end of the year or the eve of Chinese New Year. The purpose of withdrawing troops in July is to facilitate the ghosts and gods to get the support of the world and avoid being scared by them; Withdrawing troops before the Chinese New Year is to thank the Five Battalions for their hard work in the past year, which is an anthropomorphic custom. Usually in that afternoon.

During the meeting of the soldiers of the 5th Battalion, horses and grass water will be placed in front of the levee in front of the temple or under the porch in front of the temple, and incense will be given in the morning, which symbolizes giving the soldiers and horses of the 5th Battalion food, grass and drinking water. Some temples are only placed when soldiers are rewarded or the altar asks for instructions, and there is no horse, grass and water at ordinary times. There are two kinds of water in horsegrass: horsegrass and horsewater. The former is grass, bales, sweet potato leaves, sweet potato slices, water spinach, etc., and horse water is clear water. There is also a fixed date for rewarding soldiers (to salute the army), and its holding date varies from place to place, roughly: it is fixed on the first, fifteenth, second, sixteenth or main birthday of each month. If it is not fixed, it will be decided by the temple; There are many customs in remote mountain villages. The time to watch the soldiers is mostly between 2 pm and evening, according to the saying that the gods appeared after "Twilight City".

When rewarding soldiers, people in the border areas always carry or pick or carry plates, bowls and sacrifices to the temple to worship the five camp gods, and burn gold and silver paper after three incense. However, parts of Penghu and Fucheng, Taiwan Province Province, have quite unique customs of rewarding soldiers. When rewarding soldiers, there are also formal ceremonies to invite God, call camp, kill soldiers and release them. Penghu's "small method" is used to cast spells, and the members are all primary and secondary school students, while Tainan Fucheng's "small method" composed of adults is staged. According to the "Penghu Folk Sacrifice Ceremony and Application Documents", the procedures for killing troops are as follows:

First, the small incense, the altar is clean, and the five camps are like instruments.

Second, hold a conference call at the camp. Once the soldiers and horses are recalled, they must recite two different camp summoning spells (if there is no holy name, then they must whip). If it doesn't work again, press the fingerprint; If there is still no shrine, go to the altar to disperse Buddhism, use blood to ward off evil spirits, and then kill the army. There are six people in Xiaofa, except the Xiaofa that has been ordered. The other five people (representing East, South, West, North and Middle Camp respectively) take turns to enter the stadium, in pairs, sometimes one person does it alone, and the rest sing spells or move golden drums on both sides. In addition, another man holds water from time to time in the bowl next to the bench, moves the grass, and performs the action of rewarding the army with water plants.

Third, the small method chanting, commonly known as drinking camp, and then performing military sacrifices and singing military sacrifices.

4. After the troops are finished, we should release the camp and let God send the magic soldiers back to their respective camps.

The mantra of releasing the camp is the same as the call-up, except that the invitation is changed to release, and marching to the altar is changed to marching out of the altar.

As for the incantations in the camp, due to different sects and regions, we take incantations and incantations encyclopedia as examples and copy them as follows:

Tune Dongying's mantra:

There was a great uproar, and they invited General Dongying of Dongying Army.

Dongying army, the 91st Army, with 990,000 troops,

Everyone is wearing a big hat and armor, holding a golden gun and a blue flag.