The bumpy course of celebrities

General Peng: In the ranking of the top ten marshals of China People's Liberation Army, General Peng ranks second. It ranks behind Zhu De, but I think that if we choose the top ten famous soldiers in the 20th century, General Peng's contribution to the country and the nation is far more qualified than Zhu De's.

General Peng is almost the perfect image of General China. His advantages and disadvantages almost concentrate all the qualities of ordinary China. He is upright and upright, and he dares to do it. In order to stick to the truth, he even dared to argue with Mao Zedong and even set himself on fire. He loves soldiers like children and shows sympathy for them. In order to improve the living conditions of Korean soldiers on the battlefield, he got angry at the work meeting of the Central Military Commission and scolded Mao Zedong's ancestors for eight generations. In order to get justice for the 180 division who died on the 37th line, he severely slapped North Korean President Kim Il Sung in the face. Unlike Lin Biao, who never plays tricks, and unlike Zhu De, who muddles along in difficult times and turns a deaf ear to people's sufferings. In the face of the sufferings of the people, he pleaded for the people and spoke out bravely. Facing the difficulties of the country, he stepped forward and shouldered the heavy burden bravely. But never care about personal gains and losses. In the war, he took the lead and fought bravely. Chairman Mao once praised him, "Only General Peng dares to cross the knife at once". In the war of liberation, he experienced the hardest northwest war. On the vast Gobi Desert, facing the Hui nationality "Ma Jiajun" who was completely annihilated on the marked army, General Peng used heavy punches to avenge the Red Army martyrs who died under the Qilian Mountains. He flatly rejected Stalin's request for a truce and peace talks, and resolutely marched into Xinjiang, bringing Xinjiang back to the embrace of the motherland. However, he used his troops skillfully, combining rigidity with flexibility, strategizing and winning thousands of miles. This is a great general who deserves our sincere commemoration and respect, both in character and military products. I believe no one will object that he is the first general of the new China People's Army.

During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the Eighth Route Army had been fighting guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines, with few outstanding achievements except Pingxingguan. However, the Hundred Regiments War of 1940 made the world know China again and the Eighth Route Army of China, and let the world remember the name of a soldier from China. His name was Peng. This battle almost destroyed all the Japanese lines of communication in North China, forcing Japan to invest a large number of elite troops in North China, reducing the heavy pressure on the southern battlefield and cooperating with the Kuomintang's winter counterattack. More importantly, when War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was losing ground and people were depressed, the victory of this campaign rekindled China people's desire for victory in the Great Patriotic War. However, who knew that this campaign was launched by General Peng without asking the Central Committee? Perhaps it was at this time that Chairman Mao became suspicious of General Peng.

Even the powerful American general Mike accel once praised the Hundred Regiments War as "the genius war of genius commanders". However, I don't know if it is a joke of history. General Mike Asu, who praised Marshal Peng, finally fought with Marshal Peng in North Korea and became his underdog.

During the Korean War, there was an eternal debate in the military circles about whether to send troops, and the military gap between China and the United States was obvious. As a result, the battle-hardened generals retreated one after another, while General Peng stepped forward: "None of them will go! I'm going to find Lao Peng! " Because he knew that this was a war that China had to face. If China withdraws, China will have no peace in the next 50 years.

Volunteers entered the DPRK, but Kim Il Sung, who was losing ground, did not seem to believe that the people of China would win. He asked first, "Do you have a plane?" General Peng shook his head. Kim Il Sung sighed feebly: "Then what are you doing here?" General Peng just sneered. Three days later, the Flying Tiger Mountain encountered a battle, and the volunteers wiped out a division of South Korea. This was the first victory of the Korean War, which opened the curtain of the Korean War.

After the first battle, 50,000 South Korean troops were wiped out. But the United States still underestimates the enemy and rushes forward. In the face of the mechanized troops of the US military, General Peng used the tactics of combining reality with reality to lure the enemy deeper! In Changjin Lake and Hufei Mountain, Americans are surrounded by two places. This is a battle that Americans are still afraid of today. The eighth army of the United States suffered the worst blow since the founding of the people's Republic of China. Its special forces "polar bear regiment" was encircled by the establishment. Marine 1 Division and Marine Division 2 suffered heavy losses. Twenty-six thousand people were killed in the Eighth Army, and the commander Lieutenant General Walker was overthrown and killed in the retreat. The whole United States was shocked. President Truman angrily cursed the White House: "If the ancestors of the American army knew what you look like today, they would curse in the coffin." And who knows, such a military miracle was accomplished by an army led by Marshal Peng without tanks, air cover or even submachine guns.

Chinese people's Volunteer Army wiped out1000000 Americans in five battles on the Korean battlefield. According to the characteristics of China People's Liberation Army, General Peng formulated the tactical thought of "fighting in the field, fighting in melee and fighting at night", and accomplished an unimaginable military miracle today-defeating10,000 US troops and recovering North Korea.

Throughout the Korean War, Chinese people's Volunteer Army annihilated 260,000 US troops and captured15,000 people. Peng Ziran, as the commander in chief, played an important role.

There are still many controversies about the significance of the Korean War today, but what I want to say is that it was this war that made the world know China again, respected China and brought external peace to China for more than 50 years. As General Peng said, the days when western colonialists could rule a country by setting up a few cannons along the coast of China are gone forever. The Korean War was the beginning of China's rise, and General Peng was the star of this rise.

General Peng was highly praised by the western military circles after the Korean War. British World War II star Montgomery called it "Patton of the East". Americans, on the other hand, respect him as "God of War". Even in 1999, Time magazine of the United States selected General Peng as one of the top ten military figures of the century.

After returning to China, Peng became the State Council's Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of National Defense and Vice Chairman of the National Defense Commission. 1955 was awarded the rank of Marshal People's Republic of China (PRC), the 1st Class August 1st Medal, the 1st Class Medal of Independence and Freedom, and the 1st Class Medal of Liberation. 1959 at the Lushan meeting, Peng dared to speak out and wrote a "Quotations", criticizing the mistakes in the Great Leap Forward, being wrongly criticized and being dismissed. During the "Cultural Revolution", the marshal with outstanding military achievements was trapped in unjust prison and persecuted. He died in Beijing on1974165438+1October 29th at the age of 76. 197865438+February, Marshal Peng was rehabilitated and finally got a comprehensive and fair evaluation. As a good son of China people, a famous strategist and politician at home and abroad, he will always be respected and remembered by the people!

8. Song: A senior general of the People's Liberation Army of China, an anti-Japanese hero, opened the anti-Japanese base area in Jidong during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period. During the Korean War, he served as the commander of the Ninth Corps and the deputy commander of the Volunteers, and successfully created the Changjin Lake Campaign, which had a turning point in the Korean War.

Perhaps because of the existence of General Peng, the glory of General Song in the Korean battlefield was covered up. But it's no exaggeration to say that General Song is the best general of China except General Peng on the Korean battlefield. The battle of Changjin Lake, which he personally commanded, can be said to have changed the direction of the entire Korean battlefield and made the Americans finally lose the initiative to attack.

During the revolutionary civil war, although he was listed as a commander, compared with Su Yu and other generals, General Song was unknown, and his troops were the ones with the worst equipment and fighting capacity in the People's Liberation Army. Because one of the important tasks of General Song in the civil war was to transform the surrendered Kuomintang army. Even during the Korean war, the Ninth Corps led by him was composed of Kuomintang soldiers captured by our army in the battle of crossing the river. However, General Song, like a red-hot soldering iron, set all the soldiers around him on fire. He turned a teacher with low morale and exhaustion into an indomitable elite journey.

General Song's most brilliant military career was in Changjin Lake, Shangqing South Road, North Korea. This is a classic battle that still scares many American veterans. This battle was later incorporated into the campaign textbook of West Point Military Academy by Americans.

Changjin Lake is the largest lake in North Korea. It starts from Changjin River in Huangcaoling, forms Changjin Lake between Liutanli and Xiajieyu in the north, and finally flows into Yalu River. In A.D. 1950, 165438+ 10, two ace armies of China and the United States launched a battle to change the historical process here.

At that time, the first battle of the volunteers had just ended. Although the "United Nations Army" was confronted by volunteers, it still thought that China was a "symbolic invasion" and "not an unrepentant force". Therefore, it is necessary to quickly concentrate all its forces invading Korea and launch a "general offensive to end the Korean War" in an attempt to drive the volunteers out of the Yalu River, occupy the whole territory of Korea, and end the Korean War before1February 25th.

Lurking in the Changjin Lake area is the Ninth Corps of Volunteers ready to attack this powerful "United Nations Army" force. The regiment consists of the 20th, 26th and 27th armies.

On June165438+1October 2 1 day, the 20th Army advanced to the southwest of Liutangli, the 27th Army dived into Liutangli and northern Li Xinxing, and the 26th Army approached Changjin Lake as a reserve. The troops of the Ninth Corps are the main force preparing for the * * campaign. Every army is a four-four-system reinforced battalion or even a five-five-system reinforced battalion, with nearly150,000 troops. Many people see snow for the first time because they have been in southern operations for a long time and have no experience and psychological preparation in cold areas. The United States called the actions of this experienced force very secret. During the 24-hour uninterrupted reconnaissance of the US military, more than 654.38 million troops were able to sneak into the vicinity of Changjin Lake. Although the number of volunteers is dominant, the materials and equipment are extremely scarce, and the cold-proof equipment of the troops is even blank.

165438+1At 8 o'clock on October 24, the "United Nations Army" rushed to the Yalu River. Within two days, the 24th Division of the 8th Army in the west has jumped 10 mile, and the 2nd Division in the middle has also advanced 10 mile. Only the south Korean army in the east made slow progress, which widened the gap between the 8th Army and the American army in the east 10, thus forming a huge gap. Before Lawrence Kaiser, commander of the 2nd Division, could take any measures to narrow the gap, Chinese people's Volunteer Army had launched a surprise attack on the "United Nations Army" from the east and west lines, and the bugles, whistles and guns were connected together, and the unprepared "United Nations Army" was caught off guard. By 65438+February, 1, the number of volunteers was eliminated 1.5 million, half of the 2nd Division of the United States was eliminated, and the 25th Division of the United States was eliminated 1/3. The 8th Army began to fall apart, and the "United Nations Army" was forced to withdraw southward.

From 1950,165438+1October 27th to1February, there were 12 full divisions of three armies of the 9th Corps of the Volunteers in the ice and snow of the Gaima Plateau in northeast Korea.

With desperate determination and incredible courage, Chinese and American soldiers fought hard for 14 days and nights from Liutanli, the northernmost part of the battlefield, to both sides of the rugged road over 60 kilometers in Li Xinxing. During the day, under the cover of planes, tanks and artillery, the American army rushed to break through, while the volunteers fortified the highlands on both sides of the road and stubbornly blocked them. As night fell, in the clear white light from the flare, groups of volunteer soldiers rushed into the enemy's fiery battle, and bullets, shells and grenades rained into the enemy's defense circle. Another day passed, and the US military repeated the previous day's attack with more wounded people. Most of the time, the fully mechanized American army can only move at a speed of 500 meters per hour. During the intermission of the battle, an American reporter asked a soldier of the land station who was digging broad beans from a frozen can with a bayonet: If God can meet one of your requirements, what do you need most? The soldier replied without looking up: Give it to me tomorrow. Although the situation is extremely sinister, the first marine division deserves to be the trump card of the US military. Surrounded by the enemy with absolute superiority in number, they fought their way out with all the wounded. The Ninth Corps is also worthy of being the elite of the East China Field Army. They fought bloody battles with the overwhelming enemy in hunger and cold until the last moment. At the end of the battle, more than 60 kilometers of roads were littered with tanks, cannons and trucks abandoned by the US military, as well as the bodies of soldiers who could not be buried in time. On both sides of the road and the nearby highlands, the bodies of volunteer soldiers torn by shells and frozen by cold were covered. How many volunteer soldiers ate the last potato and took part in the last desperate charge in thin military uniforms? Their courage on the battlefield awed the American army.

In the tragic battle of Changjin Lake, what was more terrible than the bullets, shells and grenades on both sides was the cold of MINUS 30 degrees. 13000 casualties of American troops and 48000 volunteers, non-combat casualties caused by frostbite are all above 60%. Especially for the Ninth Corps, which has no combat experience in cold regions and is seriously under-equipped, the situation is even more severe. After this war, the troops were basically paralyzed.

The U.S. military also paid a heavy price, with 30,000 U.S. troops killed 1. 1 10,000 people and 4,000 people seriously injured. The whole army has almost lost its combat effectiveness. The polar bear regiment, the ace special regiment that made great achievements in the Normandy landing, was besieged by the establishment, and this heroic unit of World War II, which frequently appeared in Oscar films such as General Barton and Emergency Dive, ended. After the Changjin Lake War, American troops quickly retreated.

No one publicly criticized General Song's responsibility for so many frostbite casualties. No, it's not in Peng. They all know that it is normal to disrupt the original deployment again and again in a rapidly changing war. In addition, the newly established country has not established a corresponding emergency mobilization system, so it is inevitable that such a large number of non-combatants will be laid off. Song, however, was an excellent senior commander. Facing the complicated situation, he completed arduous strategic tasks with firm determination and decisive handling, showing a high degree of overall awareness and strategic conception. He has repeatedly generated electricity and highly praised Song and the Ninth Corps.

However, General Song blamed himself for this and felt guilty all his life. If we start from receiving the order to prepare for war in the DPRK, we will not rely on supplies, pick up the old magic weapon, mobilize everyone to "cross the sea" and find ways to raise or buy winter clothes on the spot; If it can be completed in Shandong for 3 months as planned; If two weeks of training and exercise can be realized in Northeast China and necessary supplies can be made, the number of frozen and hungry workers will be less and the combat results will be greater. However, war is war after all, and there is no "if". Besides, the war was imposed on us by others.

In July 1952, 1 1, General Song, then deputy commander of Chinese people's Volunteer Army, was appointed by the Central Military Commission as the principal of the ordinary senior infantry school of the China People's Liberation Army. One day in September, General Song, who was about to return to China by the Yalu River, took off his hat and bent down in the direction of Changjin Lake, bowing 90 degrees to his comrades-in-arms who he knew and did not know, and to those warriors who were in name only. When he raised his head, put on his military cap and gave them a solemn military salute, people found that the battle-hardened star was in tears.

1952 After returning to China, General Song served as the principal and political commissar of the ordinary senior infantry school. 1955 was awarded the rank of general. From 1957 to 1985, he served as the vice president and president of the Academy of Military Science and made important contributions to the development of military science in our army.

1991July1kloc-0/day, General Song died in Beijing. His last words to the world were: "Remember history, because it is our glory."