These two places were once the county seats of Puning, and one of them is not under the jurisdiction of Puning now.

Chaoyang Guiyu was once the seat of Puning County in history. According to the "Puning County Chronicle", the first county government office was located at the residence of Rongshuidu. The ancient city was first built in the 42nd year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1563). . It was not until the 14th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1586) that it moved to Houyu (now Hongyang). On July 1, 1949, the Puning County People's Communist Party was established in Liusha, and the county seat was relocated in Liusha. Therefore, Puning has two ancient cities.

Chaoyang County: Wenguang Tower

1. Why Chaoyang County was separated from three cities to establish Puning County

Chaoyang County was established in The first year of Long'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (397), it has a history of more than 1,600 years. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, with population growth and land development, the three cities in the western border of Chaoyang County, Chaozhou Prefecture, Yangwu, Rongshui, and Huangkeng, became increasingly prosperous and prosperous. However, these three capitals were more than 170 miles away from the county seat. “It was difficult to control the situation remotely. They are repeatedly harassed by mountain bandits."

"Flying Dragon Master": Zhang Lian

However, the "Zhang Lian Uprising" was the real trigger for the establishment of Puning County. In the 39th year of Jiajing (1560), Zhang Lian, a native of Raoping, proclaimed himself emperor at Baisongguan, the junction of present-day Raoping County, Guangdong Province and Pinghe County, Fujian Province. Flying Dragon”, against the Ming Dynasty. In the face of Zhang Lian's uprising, the imperial court sent Admiral Zhang Gao and others to lead a large army to join the officers and soldiers of Jiangxi and Fujian provinces to launch a frontal attack on Zhang Lian. In September of the 41st year of Jiajing (1562), the imperial court sent troops to suppress the peasant uprising of Zhang Lian. In order to strengthen its rule, Chen Lianfang, the patrol commander, and Zhang Zhen, the admiral and censor of Guangdong and Guangdong, suggested that "it is better to divide the three capitals and set up counties to facilitate control." , named Puning", the imperial court approved the establishment. "Chaoyang County Chronicle" records: In the 42nd year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1563), the three cities of Yangwu, Rongshui and Huangkeng in Chaoyang County were analyzed to establish Puning County.

Raoping County: Feilong Temple

"Records of Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty" has clear and complete records of the origin, process, and court approval time of Chenghai and Puning counties. Volume 517 of the "Records" records the events of the first month of the 42nd year of Jiajing. It contains: "Ding Wei, the admiral of the Guangdong and Guangdong censors Zhang Nian and the Jigong censor Duan Guyan made various arrangements for the aftermath of Guangdong. The Ministry of Household Affairs was Three things should be done: Piwang of Haiyang in Chaozhou is the gateway for the Japanese slaves to invade. It is appropriate to establish a whole county to increase the number of vassals in Chaonan, and the capital should be divided into seven. In Chaoyang, it is appropriate to reduce the number of counties to control the war. The three counties of Haifeng, Huilai, and Changle (today's Wuhua) are the key points, and the capital should be divided into four places;...Shu Shang allowed it to be done, and Chenghai County was set up at Piwangsuo, and Puning County was at Rongshui." On the first day of the first month of the forty-second year of Jiajing (February 20, 1563), the Ming court approved the analysis of the Yangwu, Rongshui, and Huangkeng areas in the western border of Chaoyang County, meaning "universal tranquility", and established Puning County for the first time. Build a city.

Puning’s first administration: Guiyu Old City

2. Chaoyang Guiyu was once the seat of Puning County’s first administration

Chaoyang Guiyu was once the seat of Puning County. "Puning County Chronicles" and "Chaoyang County Guiyu Town Chronicles" both record: In the forty-fourth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1565), the first magistrate of Puning County, Zhao Yue, took office, and the county office was located in Rongshuidu, Chaoyang County. Houses. According to the architectural and title identification, the city walls of Puning Shou County should be in the present-day Nan'an and Beilin Townships of Guiyu, Chaoyang. There are five basis for this judgment: First, there is a "Wuwu" on the west side of today's Nan'an School (Yang Family Ancestral Hall). The old name of "Wumen Tower" is still used today, and "Wumen Tower" was the county government at that time; secondly, the city wall still exists, and the walls of the two townships are combined into a unified body with city rivers surrounding it, which is in line with the ancient capital city's construction system that a city must be built for defense; Third, build six gates: the east gate is named "Wentian", the west gate is named "Wuzhen", the south gate is named "Qingping", the north gate is named "Leli", as well as "Shuimen" and "Jinxianmen". Jinxian Gate is where officials come in and out. If it is not a county government, how can it be called "Jinxian"; fourthly, the existing Wen Temple, Tianhou Temple, and Guandi Palace in the two townships are called; fifthly, there are Liutong Nunnery and Xixing Temple outside the city. The temple, Nansheng Temple, and Beijiayuan are in line with the layout of "Dong'an, West Temple, South Temple, and North Temple" outside the county.

Today, the ruins of the first ancient city of Puning (i.e. Guiyu Ancient County Government City) still exist. In the two villages of Nan'an and Beilin, there is still a section of the old city wall surrounded by a waterway (i.e. moat) Although the ancient city towers have withstood hundreds of spring winds and autumn rains, they are still intact. The Wen Temple, Guandi Palace, Shuangzhong Gong Office, Dakui Tower, Xianda Temple, Meizhou Ancient Village Gate, Dong'an, etc. are still preserved in the town. A number of ancient buildings from the ancient county seat, such as the West Temple, the South View, and the Beiyuan Octagonal Tower, are known as the "open-air ancient architecture expo".

3. "Qusi Stele" was found in both Guiyu and Hongyang

It is worth mentioning that during the first Puning County Magistrate Zhao After Yue left office, in order to appreciate his achievements, the people erected the "Qusi Stele" in the first year of Wanli to show his virtue. The inscription reads: "My parents are Zhaohou, taboo Yue, named Huaiquan, a native of Changting, Fujian. Jiajing Yichou (1565) He was ordered to know about Puning. The city of Pucheng was not yet built, and there was a shortage of refugees in Guiyu. Dai Ruo Zhao Du. Bi Tiao stayed in mourning and Zhenye. Ai Jin Le Shi Zhi Si was as good as Gantang, and his reputation lasted forever. In the midwinter of the first year of Wanli, Yang Xiyi, Su Junde, Yang Xigeng and others were established.

"Go to think of the monument" is a monument erected by local people to remember the official after he left office. The stele is now embedded in the outer wall of the Sanshan King Temple in the North Palace of Beilin Village, Guiyu Town. It is 40 cm above the ground, 235 cm high and 90 cm wide. It is a rare frame of Ming Dynasty calligraphy art, and its inscription can be called an excellent ancient prose sketch. The inscription not only contains a brief introduction to the person who erected the monument, but also stated that Puning County was relocated from Chaoyang in the 42nd year of Jiajing (1563). A man named Zhao came to serve as Puning County Magistrate. Since the county seat was not built yet, he took office in Guiyu. Then it was further explained that the reason for erecting the monument was because the county magistrate acted like a family in a simple environment, sympathized with the suffering of the people, loved the people like a son, was honest in government, and won the love of Puning and Chaoyang people.

Nothing unique. Last year, someone published an article "The first memorial monument in Puning is in Guiyu. We also have it in Hongyang, but it has..." said: "Today I received a call from a Hong Kong official. According to reports from friends in Yang, there is an incomplete monument to commemorate Puning near the south gate of Hongyang Town. Because the monument is incomplete, there is no way to tell that it is the official who missed Puning." I hope this "Go and Think Monument" is also a monument erected by the local people to praise those resigned officials who "loved the people like sons and were honest in government." At the same time, I also hope to hear the news that the relevant departments have collected this stone tablet. Maybe the "Qusi Monument" in Hongyang, Puning, has some historical connection with the "Qusi Monument" in Guiyu, Chaoyang!

Puning Hongyang: the original site of the ancient city

4. Liu Bu, the later magistrate of Puning, built "Hongyang City"

The forty-fourth year of Jiajing (1565) When Zhao Yue, the first magistrate of Puning, took office, the county government was initially placed in Guiyu Village, Rongshuidu (now Guiyu Town, Chaoyang District, Shantou City). However, due to the sharp increase in "corvee service, begging, etc." after the establishment of the county, the court lacked support for With subsequent financial support for the new county government, the county city has been delayed in construction. According to the "Puning County Chronicle": In the third year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1575), the seven surnames Fang and Li petitioned to move the county to the Houyu area of ????Huangkengdu, and expressed their "willing to give up the land of the two families as the county seat" and "separate the place of residence to establish a government office." Yu", the county magistrate Liu Dun gave up the construction of the temporary county government of Guiyu, the military capital, out of financial considerations, and built the city wall on Houyu (now Hongyang). Because it is located in the south of Hongshan, it is also called "Hongyang" city". In the tenth year of Wanli (1582), "Hongyang City" began to build a city wall with a circumference of about 2,000 meters and a height of 6 meters. There were four gates, called Ninghe, Fucai, Yingxun, and Gongji. building. In the same year, the dredging stream around the city was built as Hao. In that year, Yangwu and Rongshui were classified as Chaoyang County, and only Huangkeng capital remained in Puning County, which was divided into Shangshe, Zhongshe and Xiashe, covering an area of ??456 square kilometers. In the 14th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1586), the county magistrate Zhao Xian moved the county seat to Houyu (today's Hongyang). Since then, Hongyang has become the county seat and cultural center of Puning County, and "Hongyang City" has therefore become the first place in Puning today. Two old cities.

Hongyang Ancient City: Panorama

"Hongyang City" has the East Guandi Temple and Longqing Temple in the east, the Confucius Temple's academy and the temple in the west, and the Northeast City God's Temple, Wenchang Pavilion (the place where national hero Lin Zexu died of illness), etc., and Fuhui Nunnery to the east of the north gate. At that time, "the city was two feet and five inches high, with a circumference of 700 feet. There were four gates, each with a tower. The four gates were separated from each other in the middle, each with an enemy tower, and there were huts on the left and right of the gate. The dredging stream around the city was used as a moat. As for "Hongyang" "City" has four architectural layouts outside the city, namely Han Wengong Temple, Kungang Academy, Yutang Nunnery and Hongshan Temple. These four sites are three of the eight ancient Puning scenic spots, namely Kungang Songyun, Linghui Ganquan and Hong Temple. There are many relics of poets

The stone lions on the Taiping Bridge in front of the old county government

In the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), the county magistrate Zeng Youwen demolished Chengheng and built the original city street. Zhongshan Road, Baili Bridge and Zhongshan Bridge were built. Today, only the ruins of the city foundation, Shuiguan and South Gate remain. Hongyang Ancient City, also known as Puning Ancient City, was built from the 14th year of Wanli (1586) to 1949. Puning was the administrative center and cultural center for 363 years. These three hundred years may seem short in the long history, but the historical and cultural relics it covers are very rich and are an important part of Puning culture.

Attachment: Major Records of Puning’s County Settlement

In the first month of the 42nd year of Jiajing’s reign in the Ming Dynasty (1563), the imperial court approved the analysis of the newly established Pu Ning County in the western border areas of Yangwu, Rongshui and Huangkeng in Chaoyang County. Ning County.

In the forty-fourth year of Jiajing (1565), Zhao Yue, the first magistrate of Puning, took office, and the county government was temporarily sent to Guiyu Minshe.

In the third year of Wanli (1575). , the county magistrate Liu Dun decided to build the county seat in Houyu (now Hongyang), and began to build the Puning County Government, Chenghuang, and Puning Academy.

In the tenth year of Wanli (1582), the city wall began to be built, with a circumference of 2,000 meters. On the left and right sides, it is 6 meters high and has four gates, called Ninghe, Fucai, Yingxun and Gongji. In the same year, the Junxi River around the city was called Hao.

In the fourth year (1586), the county magistrate Zhao Xian moved the county seat to Houyu, which is now Hongyang. Since then, Hongyang has become the county seat and cultural center of Puning County.

In the 12th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1655), Zheng Chenggong. The generals led their troops to attack Puning City, razed the city wall to the ground, and dismantled the official offices and palace tiles and transported them to Jieyang City for defense.

In the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656), the county magistrate Zhang Rubang ordered the people to repair the city wall.

In the 13th year of Kangxi's reign (1674), on April 22, Liu Jinzhong, the commander-in-chief of Chaozhou Town, rebelled against the Qing Dynasty and sent his general Liu Bin to occupy Puning City. By June of the 16th year, Liu Jinzhong After surrendering to the Qing Dynasty, Puning City returned to the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

In the 40th year of Kangxi's reign (1701), Andingmei (a native of Xianghong Banner) was appointed as the magistrate of Puning. During his tenure, he practiced good governance and was deeply loved by the people. Later, the people converted a study near the county government office into the "Ancestral Temple of An Gong" and built a stone statue to commemorate it.

In the fifth year of Yongzheng's reign (1727), Lan Dingyuan was appointed as the magistrate of Puning County. During his tenure, he solved a number of mysterious cases and left behind. Many legendary stories.

In the seventh year of Qianlong's reign (1742), the county magistrate Xiao Qizhi proposed the construction of Peifeng Tower in the east of the city.

In the eighth year of Qianlong's reign (1743), the county magistrate Xiao Qizhi built it. Kun'an Academy is located in the east of the city, and the back pavilion is designated as the Han Wengong Temple.

On October 19, the 30th year of Daoguang's reign (1850), Lin Zexu, the imperial minister and governor of Guangxi, fell ill and went to Guangxi to take up his post. He visited Puning. On the 22nd, he died of illness in Wenchang Pavilion in Puning City.

In the 10th year of Tongzhi (1871), Fang Yao, the commander-in-chief of Chaozhou Town, seized land in the east outside the city and built his headquarters "De'anli".

In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), Puning County No. 1 Middle School was founded in Puning Academy.

In the fourteenth year of the Republic of China (1925), the first Communist Youth League branch in Puning County was established in Huifeng Pavilion in Puning Xuegong (the first county middle school). The student Fang Siqiong (Fang Fang) Served as branch secretary.

In the 33rd year of the Republic of China (1944), on December 15, Japanese invaders occupied Puning County, and the Japanese troops retreated on the 18th.

In the thirty-fourth year of the Republic of China (1945), on January 28, Puning County fell for the second time. On January 31, the Japanese troops retreated. On March 8, Puning County fell for the third time. On May 7, all the invading troops withdrew from Puning.

On May 1, 1949, Quicksand was liberated. On July 1, the Puning County People's Communist Party was established, and with the approval of the Chaoshan Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China, the county seat was settled in Liusha. Since then, Hongyang has ceased to be the seat of the county seat. County magistrate (7) Puning (1) Chaoyang (1)