Must-read for family safety: What should you do when a fire comes?

In the face of sudden fire, money can buy time and life. ?

Seeing the blue Qianjiang arson case a few days ago, no matter whether you are worth tens of thousands or tens of millions, under the double pressure of extreme unexpected arrival and difficult social environment, the final outcome seems to be the same. ?

The quality of sky-high luxury houses is not necessarily higher than that of old houses. We have also seen the problem of exposed steel bars in the ceiling of a high-end apartment with a price of 100000 yuan /m2. ?

What can we do to protect our property and family from unexpected accidents? ?

1. What are the fire safety hazards in your home? ?

What are the security risks at home? If I knew, I would change! ?

Circuit aging and circuit overload?

The service life of wires is generally 10-20 years. ?

Excessive aging wires are prone to insulation aging and cracking. If two wires of an AC circuit touch each other, a loop can be directly formed without electrical equipment. ?

At this time, the current increases sharply, and the high temperature of hundreds of thousands of degrees is generated in a short time, which is enough to ignite nearby flammable materials and cause a fire. This is also why the house should be completely repaired and replaced after a certain number of years, otherwise the safety hazards will be buried for too long and accidents will easily occur.

▲ Fire caused by aging circuit Source: jzjdm.com?

In addition to wire aging, the common cause of circuit fire is circuit overload. ?

In other words, the circuit was not planned well during the decoration, and too many high-power appliances were connected to one circuit at the same time. ?

In this way, when used at the same time, the current passing through the conductor in an instant exceeds the safe current carrying capacity, and the calorific value is too high, which may lead to the melting of the insulation layer and even ignite the nearby flammable materials. ?

Standardize the construction of hydropower transformation: find professional masters with electrician certificates, refrigerators, air conditioners and other high-power household appliances, which can effectively avoid the problem of circuit overload. ?

▏ Hazardous flammable materials ▕?

Harmful flammable materials at home are either because the factory standards were not high many years ago, or because they were greedy and bought products that did not meet environmental standards. ?

The most typical example is the old sofa filled with foam particles without flame retardant. Once ignited, the combustion rate will increase geometrically, and there may be a danger of cyanide poisoning. ?

The other is artificial boards such as floors and cabinets with excessive formaldehyde content. Once a fire breaks out, the high temperature environment will accelerate the volatilization of formaldehyde, further endangering people's respiratory system and immune system.

▲ Black heart cotton is more harmful to human body when burning. Source: sxhctv.com?

2. What protection can I do? Life and property safety of family members? ?

Rely on developers and properties, it is better to "arm" your home first. ?

Compared with your multimillion-dollar house, preparing fire fighting equipment and installing several alarms are just nine hairs of Niu Yi's head. ?

Are you familiar with the escape route

Recommendation: ☆ ☆ ☆?

When the fire broke out, smoke billowed. Do you still want to use mobile phone lighting to find the fire escape? Even the lights are hard to see! ?

Compared with running with others without a clue and taking the fire escape once or twice in advance, you can find the location of the directional escape exit more accurately. Success or death is the key to every minute. ?

Smoke mask?

Recommendation: ☆ ☆ ☆?

As we all know, smoke in a fire is more harmful to people than high temperature, so once a fire breaks out, the first thing to do is to rush to the bathroom to wet the towel, fold several layers, and then cover your nose and mouth to escape. ?

This step, in the case of smoke, will waste at least 2 minutes of escape time. In the absence of smoke in the nearby environment, running fast may have a better chance of survival than wetting the towel, but what if there is smoke in front? ?

In this extreme situation, don't waste the time that money can buy in advance on hesitation. ?

Prepare a smoke mask that can protect your mouth, eyes and nose in advance, put it on and run, leaving 2 minutes for the whole family to escape.

▏ Smoke alarm ▕?

Recommendation: ☆ ☆ ☆?

Nowadays, many smoke alarms in hardcover rooms are standard, and fire properties can be monitored at home. ?

If you are worried that the alarm of the property is just a facade and has not been repaired and replaced in time, you can buy more and settle down. ?

▲ Smoke alarm Source: dtnairbag.com

Fire blanket, fire extinguisher?

Recommendation: ☆☆☆?

Although self-extinguishing is not recommended, if it is a small fire that can be controlled at home, it is an effective fire control method to prepare more fire blankets and fire extinguishers. ?

When you escape, you can also wrap the old people and children with fire blankets to prevent them from being hurt by flames. ?

▲ Fire blankets can put out small fires. Source: Wikipedia

Automatic sprinkler system?

Recommendation: ☆☆☆?

In the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings, only super-high-rise residential buildings with building height > 100 m will be forced to install automatic sprinkler system, and hotels, villas and high-grade apartments will also be installed. ?

Ordinary high-rise residential buildings have fire hydrants, so there is no mandatory requirement for automatic sprinkler system.

Buy a house on a lower floor?

Recommendation: ☆☆?

For example, after the fire, if the residents on the fifth and sixth floors can't escape, the firemen will ride the ladder to save you, so it is still possible to buy a building with a dozen or twenty floors. Is this right? ?

First of all, fire is a small probability event and should not be an important consideration in choosing floors. ?

Secondly, even if the ladder can save you, it is far more difficult to use than you think. ?

At present, the ladder truck can rise to the height of about 13 floor at most, and even in the static wind state, it has a swing range of about 1.5m, which is definitely not the first choice for high-altitude rescue. ?

Not to mention that even the passages in the community can be full of cars, it is not easy for fire engines to get in, and it is even more difficult to find a place where equipment can be laid and ladders can be supported.

In high-rise buildings, firefighters also rely on smoke alarms and fire hydrants in buildings, otherwise, if they rely solely on high-pressure water guns on fire engines, the fire extinguishing efficiency will definitely not be as high as that of fire fighting devices in buildings. ?

That is to say, if the high-rise residential building does not have a perfect fire protection system and lacks daily maintenance and overhaul, it is only at a critical moment that these things are all furnishings, and 100 fire engines are useless. ?

3. High-rise building fire protection system?

The Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings stipulates that residential buildings with a building height of > > 27m (with an average height of 3m) and civil buildings with a building height of > > 24m, such as non-single-storey workshops and warehouses, are counted as high-rise buildings; Consider super high-rise buildings with building height >100 m. ?

So the houses we see above 10 and below 33 floors are all high-rise houses. ?

What are the systems of high-rise residential buildings? ▕?

High-rise buildings have complex functions, and there are many vertical pipes such as stairwells, elevator shafts, pipe shafts, air ducts and cable shafts. ?

In the event of a fire, smoke will run up these chimney-shaped pipes. ?

In the intense stage of flame combustion, the average smoke 1 s can spread upward by 3-4 meters. ?

If a 100-meter-high high-rise residential building with 33 floors is not separated by fire, smoke can escape from 1 floor to 33 floors in about half a minute. ?

Therefore, high-rise residential buildings with 10 floors and above should include a series of fire-fighting facilities such as smoke alarms, fire shutters, fire doors and fire hydrants in addition to at least two escape (smoke-proof) stairs.

▲ Fire doors being tested for fire protection Source: doortechnik.co.uk.

▲ Common indoor fire hydrant source: Baidu.com?

For high-rise residential buildings with a building height of > > 54m (about18th floor), automatic fire alarm systems and fire detectors should be installed in public places. ?

High-rise residential public places should be equipped with sound fire alarm devices or emergency broadcasts with language functions. ?

That is to say, after the fire, the normal rescue and fire fighting process should be: smoke alarm alarms, emergency broadcast starts to let residents evacuate the building, at the same time, the fire water tank on the roof starts to fill with water, the fire pump starts, and the fire hydrant can get out of the water to put out the fire.

What is the safest escape route in high-rise residential buildings? ▕?

What if (or it may be common) the fire fighting system of the whole building is not started, and there is no water in the roof tank at all, so it can only be pumped up from the first floor layer by layer? ?

First of all, keep calm and decide whether to take refuge measures (waiting for rescue) or escape measures according to the size of the fire and the location of the fire source. ?

Once you choose the escape measures, remember that stairs are always the safest escape route for high-rise residential buildings! ?

The Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings stipulates that high-rise residential buildings with 10 floors and above should have at least two escape (smoke-proof) stairs. ?

Unless the fire is too big to open the door handle and smoke overflows from the crack of the door, we can only find something to block the crack of the door and stay in the room and wait for help. ?

As long as there is no thick smoke, go downstairs through the nearest fire stairs immediately. If there is smoke in the stairwell, find another escape staircase on the same floor and go downstairs. ?

You can panic during the escape, but don't cry to avoid inhaling too much smoke. ?

The sisters from Taiwan Province Province who successfully escaped from the London fire a few days ago stayed on the 22nd floor for an hour and a half. After observing that the fire was getting bigger and bigger, they made up their minds to rush down. It only took five minutes from the 22nd floor to the 1 building, and they successfully escaped from danger.

▲ The London fire has killed 79 people. Source: Hong Kong 0 1?

Whether you buy a house of 10000/m2 or a house of 100000 yuan /m2, I hope you can keep these fire safety knowledge in mind. Instead of relying on yourself, it is better to rely on developers to rely on property. ?

May the living be fair and the dead rest in peace.

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