Abalone culture skills in Australian seafood hotels

1, seedling conditions

(1) Mature parent abalone: undamaged healthy individuals with shells longer than 6 cm; The gonad is extremely full in appearance, covering most of the digestive glands, protruding from the shell edge, and the end becomes pure and round because it is full of sperm cells.

(2) The temporary rearing ponds for parent abalone and juvenile abalone should be covered with plastic sheets in the dark.

(3) Collector: mainly made of transparent plexiglass, polyethylene plastic algae plate and film.

(4) Collection rack: made of steel bars, wrapped with film, or made of fine bamboo.

2. Process flow

Breeding parent abalone, artificially inducing spawning; Screening of fertilized eggs; Collection and culture of jujube larvae (timely sparse and separate cultivation); Cultivate young abalone.

Bait is especially important for abalone culture, so it must be prepared in advance. Before collecting larvae, benthic diatoms need to be attached to collectors or put in a flat and thin culture pond for several days, and then these collectors with diatoms and unicellular algae attached to them are moved into the larvae culture pond to collect larvae at the later stage of the panel.

In the process of abalone breeding, in addition to adding proper nutrition to the larval culture pool, it is necessary to continuously strengthen algae culture and strengthen light to promote the reproduction speed of benthic diatoms, so as to keep the reproduction quantity of benthic diatoms in balance with the food intake of larvae or young abalone. Therefore, it is necessary to add fertilizer continuously. If the bait is basically insufficient, the bait should be supplemented or the bait tray should be replaced after changing the water to meet the feeding amount of the larvae.

3. Disease control

Isolated mycosis: Symptoms: Abalone foot epithelial tissue falls off, and the sick individual is inactive. No response to mechanical stimulation when seriously ill. There are active bacteria in the blood, the body fades, the tentacles are weak, the visceral mass shrinks, the feet retract, the abalone changes from metamorphosis to permanent death of 1 cm, and sometimes there is a death peak.

Pathogen: the larvae of Haliotis diversicolor are prone to solitary bacteria disease, and the biochemical characteristics of the isolated solitary bacteria are close to those of algicidal bacteria.

Time: generally, it is easy to get sick under high temperature or excessive oxygenation.

Prevention and treatment: Young abalone should be cultured in a suitable environment, and injured abalone can be soaked with drugs to clean the wound.

Treatment: 1) soak in chloramphenicol 25-50ppm seawater solution for 0.5- 1 hour, or soak in compound sulfamethoxazole 1% seawater solution for 5 minutes.

2) Wipe the wound with 5% seawater solution made of chloramphenicol or compound sulfamethoxazole.

The above-mentioned drug treatment methods all need to put abalone in the air for 10- 15 minutes, so that the liquid medicine can fully penetrate into the focus, and then put it back into seawater for culture. In addition, repeat the treatment the next day if necessary.

Three, abalone culture technology

1, culture conditions

The natural conditions of Pacific oyster culture area are closely related to its culture.

(1) The flat beach with suitable sediment should be selected in the topographic culture area, which is convenient for setting scaffolding and floating rafts. The deep water location of the inner bay or the reclamation area with proper fresh water injection is ideal.

(2) The tidal current in the culture area should be stable, the seawater exchange conditions should be good, and the wind and waves should be calm or not vulnerable to strong winds and waves.

(3) Water quality The seawater temperature should be within the appropriate range of 5-30 degrees for Pacific oysters; The specific gravity of seawater should be around 1.005- 1.025.

(4) The bait culture area must be a fertile area conducive to the reproduction of plankton, so as to ensure the rich bait organisms needed for the growth of oysters.

(5) There should be no serious industrial and agricultural pollution in the polluted culture areas.

2. Formulate the production process

Selecting culture sea area → determining culture mode → preparing culture equipment → setting culture facilities → stocking fry → culture management → harvesting and processing.

3. Introduction of main cultivation methods

(1) direct culture method

Traditional farming methods, such as stone throwing, bridge farming, vertical pile farming, bamboo planting, etc. The common feature of these cultivation methods is that the seedling picker is also used as a cultivation device.

(2) Separate seedling cultivation method

Including beach sowing, floating raft or longline hanging culture, single culture and other methods. Compared with direct culture, these methods can artificially control the culture density, effectively use the culture water, have short culture cycle and high yield, and are advanced methods for oyster culture.

Old Yin Jia Hai Shen's warm reminder

4. Seeding on the beach: At present, it is a relatively simple method to cultivate Pacific oysters on the beach. Oyster seedlings are directly sown on mudflats with a certain density or mudflats with sediments for cultivation.