Characteristics of Lighting Design for Shopping Mall, Office, Residence and Hotel

Every kind of shopping mall lighting system should help to complete some function. It should guide customers into shopping malls, attract customers' attention to goods, create a comfortable shopping environment and stimulate customers' desire to buy. Meet the safety requirements of customers and service personnel when walking around the store. However, among all these functions, the most important one should be to express goods in the most attractive way by creating a suitable lighting environment.

illuminating system

Architects, shopkeepers and interior designers should consider lighting as early as possible in the design process. Because lighting is an integral part of interior decoration, it should not be considered separately. For example, there are two trends in lighting methods: one is to hide lamps as much as possible and create a quiet indoor atmosphere. The other is to use some non-hidden decorative lights.

The lighting system can be roughly divided into four independent parts:

general illumination

accent lighting

Architectural lighting

Effect lighting

It is the reasonable collocation and balance of these four elements that have produced a good effect and atmosphere.

General lighting:

Theoretically speaking, the so-called general lighting refers to the use of some form of lamps to make the whole shopping mall space full of uniform light.

In the past, diffuse reflection general lighting with high illuminance was generally used. But the effect of diffuse reflection of general lighting is often more serious than lively elegance, which is sometimes not what we want. More importantly, most of the diffused light did not reach the place where it should have reached as we expected. In other words, illuminate the displayed goods. Therefore, the lighting operation cost in this way is very high.

Nowadays, general lighting is usually just a basic lighting provided by people for safety and guidance. It is usually used in combination with other lighting systems. The current trend is to use dynamically changing sunlight as part of the lighting system. The great flexibility of this lighting method, which uses lighting control system to closely combine artificial light with sunlight, will be particularly important in the future.

Accent lighting:

There are two kinds of accent lighting: one is display lighting, including the lighting of a single object; The other is the lighting of goods.

Display lighting:

Display lighting usually uses a circular narrow/wide beam spotlight. Its purpose is to make the illuminated object stand out more than its background. Therefore, display lighting often emphasizes the shape, structure, texture and color of objects. Display lighting is used to strengthen the relationship between shoppers and goods. Attract customers by showing the exquisiteness of goods. Nowadays, even in supermarkets and convenience stores, the use of display lighting technology is becoming more and more popular. The current trend is to use lighting components (different types of spotlights are used in combination.

Commodity lighting:

The lighting of the goods displayed on the shelves is realized by wide-beam spotlights or point light sources with adjustable angles. Strip systems with asymmetric light distribution are also commonly used for shelf lighting.

In the light belt system, it is becoming a trend to integrate spotlight or point light source to shoot lights. The spotlight is installed near the shelf, so a certain degree of uniform illumination can be obtained. Using point light sources can produce shadows and bright spots on goods. The light band produces effective functional lighting.

Architectural lighting:

It is gratifying that today's store designers selectively illuminate the elements and features of buildings in order to create an ideal light environment and a sense of space. For example, a bright roof will make the space look higher. Bright walls will make the surroundings look more spacious. Even if there are no shelves around, these large walls usually need lighting.

Effect lighting:

Different from accent lighting, some places want to create special lighting effects to attract customers. This is not direct lighting of goods, but effect lighting.

In the past, effect lighting was only used in boutiques. Nowadays, effect lighting is widely used. For example, a common technique is to install a spotlight with a very narrow beam on the ceiling, which can produce a light pattern on the floor. Another skill is that you can use gobo to project (pictures, signs, advertising materials) on the wall. Technologies such as optical fiber are also used to create striking lighting effects.

Control the lights:

Under the above circumstances, light control will play an increasingly important role in the future. Theoretically, there are four lighting parameters that can be controlled: illumination level, light color, beam direction and beam angle width. Light control meets the four needs of shopping mall owners: flexibility; Different working modes; Produce dynamic changes/special lighting effects; Save energy.

Flexibility:

It means that in a certain set time and space, by improving the illumination level, the lighting effect can be changed with the change of indoor layout, but the electrical installation does not need to be changed.

Different working modes:

Including adapting the lighting level to different functional areas in the shopping center (such as sales area, surrounding space, shop window and indoor facade) to meet the actual needs. Different lighting gradients can be realized by different switching modes and controlled by a timer. Timers are set according to different time periods: before business, during business, before closing, filling shelves, evening and night lighting (safety, evacuation instructions, emergency lighting).

Dynamic changes/special lighting effects:

Traditional effect lighting attracts customers by providing special effects, while dynamic effect lighting adds a new content: dynamic. As we all know, controlled dynamic lighting: it will certainly attract people's attention and produce interesting results.

Energy saving:

The most energy-efficient lighting design should use the least amount of electricity in the shortest time. This also determines the use of the most effective light source. Of course, when considering the lighting control system (such as when artificial light is combined with sunlight or when no one in the room needs to turn off some/all lamps automatically), the appropriate controllable light source should be selected.

Nowadays, shopkeepers have become more and more aware of the importance of using lighting to attract customers and increase income. Shopkeepers, architects, interior designers, window designers and lighting designers are all looking for an expression, creating an artistic conception and providing an atmosphere to attract a certain consumer group.

Hotel:

Generally speaking, hotels are usually divided into business hotels and tourist resorts. Business hotels are usually located in economically developed cities, which receive business travelers and highlight functions such as office work, meetings and business banquets. Tourist resorts are usually located in tourist attractions, highlighting the functions of vacation and leisure. But this distinction is relative, and their functions often cross each other. In addition, from the architectural features, all kinds of spaces divided by functions inside and outside the hotel are basically the same. Therefore, from the perspective of hotel lighting design, it is basically the same. Hotel lighting generally refers to the lighting of reception facilities. Because the main business activities of the hotel are at night, the lighting system plays an extremely important role. Design Principle Lighting is an organic part of hotel style. The first consideration is the coordination between the appearance of lamps and architectural space and the unity of decoration style. The shape, material and color of lamps and lanterns all originate from the style of space and also affect the style of space. Unique lamps often become the symbol of indoor space. Light and color, like air, diffuse in space, penetrate into people's skin and mind, and promote people's various emotions. Hotels need to emphasize their own temperament and create their own atmosphere. Especially in the dining space, light colors even affect people's likes and dislikes of dishes. Warm white light sources should be widely used, and the color temperature is about 3000K K. The reason is that no matter what type of hotel, it is their common aspiration to create a cordial, warm and friendly atmosphere, and the lighting environment provided by the light source with a color temperature of 3000K can strengthen this feature of the hotel. (1) Based on human visual perception of the temperature and space of color, it is found that colors with orange as hue tend to be blue and purple, and at the same time, when compared, orange makes people feel warmer and closer to us. By memory, compare the above colors continuously and the result is the same. (2) This perception is closely related to some psychological evaluations and emotional activities such as kindness, warmth and friendliness. (3) Based on engineering practice, whenever a hotel lighting project can thoroughly implement this principle without interference from all sides, the effect is very good. In hotels, people need their own private space. Glare is like a staring eye, which makes people uncomfortable. When dining or entertaining, strong light will make people unable to keep their mood and eager to leave, so that the lovely smile of the hostess will be wasted. The illumination standards of various facilities in hotels and restaurants are different, but they all pay more attention to the brightness index of the room surface. The space division of hotels and restaurants is more complicated, and people living in such an environment expect to have a clearer understanding of the surrounding space and gain a stronger sense of security and realism. This is the complete opposite of being an actor on the stage. Social places such as hotels and restaurants are places where people show their good side. On the other hand, operators often display their own style characteristics by displaying some unique objects. This requires that lighting design should also consider the modeling ability of lighting, and try to make the facility itself and the people inside behave better. Hotel restaurants are personalized spaces, and everyone wants an independent small environment. The flexible control of lighting becomes more important, which is in sharp contrast with public lighting. As for the commercial, film and television facilities in hotels and restaurants, they should be designed and implemented with reference to the corresponding lighting classification specifications. Lighting design of sub-functional area 1. Lobby space Lobby space mainly has three lighting areas, namely, the lighting of the entrance and lobby area, the lighting of the service desk and the lighting of the guest rest area. Judging from the continuous space and lighting mode of the lobby as a whole, in fact, the entrance and lobby should be the general lighting or global lighting of the lobby, while the lighting of the service desk and the lighting of the guest lounge are local lighting. These lighting should maintain the consistency of color temperature. Through the brightness contrast of the three areas, the non-private space of the hotel lobby forms an interesting, continuous and undulating transition between light and shade, creating a cordial atmosphere as a whole. (1) Illumination requirements for entrances and corridors: On the horizontal plane above the ground 1m, the designed illumination should reach 500Lux. Color temperature requirements: the color temperature around 3000K K is too low and the sense of space is narrow; The color temperature is too high, the space lacks intimacy and is noisy, which directly reduces the comfort of guests. Color development requirements: Ra & gt85. High color rendering can clearly show the skin color and various expressions of the receptionist and guests, leaving a deep and satisfactory impression on the guests. Regarding light distribution: If the height exceeds 6m, a point light source with a narrow beam illuminator will be used on the ceiling to provide continuous and uniform brightness. Because the luminous point is not in the visual range of people, the light can be turned on. Assuming that the distance from the ceiling to the ground is 6m, the central light intensity of the light distribution curve should not be less than 500cd from the ground 1m; If the lifting height is less than 6m, strip or plane luminous ceiling can be considered for treatment. Contrast modeling of light and shadow: Drawing on the experience of lighting design in European and American hotels, we can consider designing floodlights with different angles in the entrance and lobby area in the future. If the direction of guests entering the hotel gate is taken as the vertical axis, then we can design side lights at both ends of the horizontal axis and project them to the entrance area at a certain angle on the ceiling, which will help the hotel front desk, bellboy and guests to express their bodies and form a three-dimensional sense. Such hotel lighting should be very advanced. (2) Lighting requirements for the service desk: generally, the high brightness of 750- 1000Lux is adopted to highlight the importance of the service desk and quickly attract the attention of the guests here. In addition, it is also convenient for the receptionist to register and settle accounts quickly. Color temperature requirements: about 3000K, consistent with the entrance lobby, further strengthening the cordial atmosphere. Color development requirements: Ra & gt85. On the one hand, because guests and receptionists are in close contact at the service desk, they need a healthy complexion; On the other hand, it is necessary to clearly identify the required documents. (3) Lighting requirements for the guest rest area: 300-500Lux is generally used. If the illumination is too high, people's behavior will be unstable; The illumination is too low, and people are too lazy. Color temperature requirement: about 3000K K k. Color development requirements: Ra & gt85. 2. Restaurant space Restaurant space is an important lighting area of the hotel. Generally, hotels have Chinese restaurants and Western restaurants. Because of the different functions and uses, these two types of restaurants should be treated differently in lighting design. (1) Chinese restaurant: It is often used for business or other formal banquets, so the overall lighting atmosphere should be formal and friendly. Compared with western restaurants, its general illumination is much higher and even, and there is little emotional fluctuation caused by brightness contrast. Point light source, strip light source or various types of lanterns can meet the good lighting requirements. In order to make the quality and color of dishes vivid and attractive, thus arousing appetite. The lighting of the dining table is the key. It is best to set up a accent lighting above the dining table, because the light source has high color rendering. If accent lighting cannot be provided above each dining table, the general illumination value of the dining room should be designed to be higher. In addition, we should attach great importance to the light distribution to make the lighting full of three-dimensional sense. In the practice of restaurant lighting design, we use wall lamps or several projection lamps to correct the flatness of general lighting and strengthen the reproduction of human body, especially facial expressions and contours. Illumination requirements: general illumination illumination is 200Lux, and accent lighting illumination is 300Lux. As auxiliary side light, the light beam of the light source can be used to reach the illuminated object, and the central light intensity is about 150cd. Color temperature requirement: about 3000K, which requires the unity and coordination of light and color. Color development requirements: Ra & gt90. (2) Western restaurants: Western restaurants are mostly used for informal business dinners, or places where diners are familiar and close, so the overall lighting atmosphere should be warm and emotional, and the illuminance value of general lighting is much lower than that of Chinese restaurants. In addition, due to the informality of dining, it is not required to illuminate people's faces and expressions, but the accent lighting on the table still needs to make the dishes vivid and bright, which is convenient for diners to take, so its color rendering is very important. Illumination requirements: general illumination illumination is 50- 100Lux, and accent lighting illumination is 100- 150Lux. If there is side light, the central light intensity of the light beam emitted by the light source can be about 50cd after reaching the illuminated object. Color temperature requirement: about 3000K, which requires the unity and coordination of light and color. Color development requirements: Ra & gt90. 3. Room space Hotel rooms should be like home, with quiet, comfortable and cordial as the typical tone. [Page]( 1) Illumination requirements: Generally, the illuminance is 50- 100Lux, and the room illumination is low to reflect the characteristics of quiet, rest and even laziness. However, local lighting, such as lighting in front of the dressing mirror and bedside reading, should provide sufficient illumination, and the illumination value of these areas can be 300Lux. The most neglected thing is the writing lighting of the desk. At present, few hotels provide writing lights for guests (usually replaced by decorative lights), which is a very humanized lighting consideration. (2) color temperature requirements: about 3000K K ... the bedroom uses a light source below 3500K, and the bathroom uses a light source above 3500 k. The bedroom needs warm color, and the bathroom needs high color temperature to make it clean. (3) Color development requirements: Ra & gt90. Good color rendering performance makes guests feel more confident and comfortable. Office: 1. Characteristics and requirements of office lighting: the office is for office workers to engage in various forms of operations, including thinking, writing, visual and oral communication, so office lighting should ensure that the staff can carry out the above activities efficiently. Office hours are almost all in the daytime, so the design of lighting should consider the factors of natural light, and artificial lighting should be combined with natural lighting to form a comfortable lighting environment. For office lighting, light source embedded lamps should be used as much as possible to avoid the eyes seeing the light source when working and create a comfortable office environment. In addition, try to use floodlighting instead of local lighting. Such an office environment makes the staff more efficient. Images of people and things (such as lights, furniture, windows, etc.) in an office building equipped with computer terminal equipment. ) should be avoided from appearing on the screen. Office lighting should use soft fluorescent lamps. 2. Office lighting design: Office lighting design should be different according to different office places. Office space is often divided into reception area, open office, private office, conference room, office corridor and office rest area. 1) Front desk reception area: The front desk reception area is the first place for customers to contact the company. The company name and corporate logo are generally on the wall of the reception area at the front desk. You can use the spotlight accent lighting. In addition, by improving the lighting of the service desk (front desk), the attention of tourists will be attracted to the front desk from the beginning. We should consider improving the vertical illumination of the main wall and the pedestrian's face, so as to clearly see people's expressions. Recommended lamps: downlights, ceiling lamps, brackets, low-voltage spotlights Recommended light sources: T5, T8 fluorescent lamps, lamp cups Recommended illumination: 300~500Lx Color rendering: > 80Color temperature: 3000~5000K2) Open office:

Open office, also called comprehensive office area, is where many office workers handle their daily affairs. Because of centralized office, communication here is more convenient. The office space is relatively wide, so the light requirements are relatively uniform and there is no glare; There are many lamps used here, so there are great requirements for their energy saving, size and service life. Fluorescent lamps meet the requirements here, have good color rendering, can provide a neutral white color table, and become a popular choice for office lighting. In addition, choose lamps with grille. This kind of lamp has high output and wide light intensity distribution, which can reduce the increased illumination to achieve higher uniformity and has good glare control performance.

Recommended lamps: grid lamp panel

Recommended light sources: T5 and T8 fluorescent lamps and energy-saving lamps.

Recommended illumination: 500Lx

Color rendering: > 80

Color temperature: > 5000K

3) Private office:

Private office is generally a single office dedicated to middle and senior managers, which has certain privacy. Because of working alone, employees concentrate and concentrate on their work. At this time, local lighting should be considered in lighting design. The basic lighting here generally adopts straight fluorescent lamps, which can accurately meet the required color rendering requirements. Lamps and lanterns use low glare mirror reflector. Indoor decorations such as pictures and vases are illuminated by low-voltage halogen projection lamps. The lamps suspended or embedded in the ceiling above the desk can provide the required lighting for the working surface (office desktop), and the table lamps that conform to the indoor style can also achieve this goal. Many private offices have tables for small discussions or reception of guests, and projection lamps with energy-saving lamps can meet the lighting requirements there. Many large private offices generally have backlights.

Recommended lamps: grille lamp panel, bracket, low-voltage spotlight and downlight.

Recommended light sources: T5 and T8 fluorescent lamps and energy-saving lamps.

Recommended illumination: 500Lx

Color rendering: > 80

Color temperature: 4000K~6500K

4) Meeting room:

The activities of the conference room include lectures, sample demonstrations, multimedia demonstrations and meetings with participants to read, write, browse materials and discuss. The basic lighting system must be professionally designed to meet the recommended lighting requirements. Because the meeting room requires high quality and a large number of lamps, direct fluorescent lamps can be used for basic lighting (color rendering can also meet its requirements). Lamps and lanterns should use low glare and high light efficiency lamps and lanterns. Basic lighting can also be achieved by back wall lighting. The lighting of the small conference room can be realized by energy-saving lamps. Low-voltage spotlights will provide auxiliary lighting for speeches, audio-visual demonstrations, etc. When white display boards are used in conference rooms, special lighting for vertical lighting must be provided.

Recommended lamps: brackets, low-voltage spotlights, grid spotlights, ceiling lamps, grid lamps and downlights.

Recommended light sources: T5 and T8 fluorescent lamps, energy-saving lamps and lamp cups.

Recommended illumination: 500Lx

Color rendering: > 80

Color temperature: 4000K~6500K

5) Office corridor:

Office corridor is a walking corridor for communication between departments or between superiors and subordinates. The popular lighting method for office corridor lighting is fluorescent lighting. Both straight fluorescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamps can be used as ideal choices for corridor lighting. Because the corridor has no visual requirements, according to the lighting level of the office, the conventional lighting of the corridor can be between 200 and 500 lux.

Recommended lamps: grille panel and downlight.

Recommended light sources: T5 and T8 fluorescent lamps and energy-saving lamps.

Recommended illumination: 200~500Lx

Color rendering: > 60

Color temperature: > 5000K

6) Office rest area

The office rest area is the place where the staff can adjust their state after working hard. There are generally drinking (coffee) bars, newspaper reading areas and smoking areas, and the function of rest determines the lighting effect they need. Warm lighting is generally needed here to create a warm and emotional atmosphere. Here, compact fluorescent lamps and tungsten halogen lamps can be used as basic lighting, and spotlights can be used as local lighting to increase the mood.

Recommended lamps: ceiling lamp, downlight and low-voltage spotlight.

Recommended light sources: T5 and T8 fluorescent lamps, lamp cups and energy-saving lamps.

Recommended illumination: 200~500Lx

Color rendering: > 60

Color temperature: about 4000K K k.