Shangqiu "Shang" word information

Tracing the Origin of Three Merchants and Inheriting Chinese Civilization

According to historical records and expert research, Shangqiu is the birthplace of Shang tribes, the birthplace of Chinese businessmen and the founding place of the second Shang Dynasty in China. The cultural resources of "the source of three merchants" have been sleeping in the historical classics for too long. When we dig deeply and let it gush out from the historical classics, we are surprised to find that Shangqiu, a fertile land washed and precipitated by the Yellow River, the mother river of China, bears too many ancient civilizations, especially the connotation of business culture, which deserves our calm down and careful reading.

across time tunnel, the profound culture of San Shang is presented with wonderful historical scrolls.

The origin of the Xuanniao merchants tribe left a beautiful legend

About 4,5 years ago, the third emperor among the Three Emperors and Five Emperors was named Di Ku. Di Ku was brilliant since childhood. At the age of 15, he took part in governing the world. Later, he established his capital in Bo (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and led eight tribes. After he took office, he toured all directions, showed kindness to the people, and taught them kindness, faithfulness and diligence. All tribes were harmonious and friendly.

On a warm spring day, the sun was shining brightly, and Di Ku's second princess took her two daughters to the river for a bath. The eldest daughter's name is Judie, and the second daughter's name is Jian Jian. This river is called Xuanqiu. As soon as they got into the water, they played to their heart's content. The princess watched her two daughters having such a good time that she couldn't bear to interrupt them. She just sat on the side of the beach and waited quietly.

The two girls are playing happily, and their laughter resounds through the clear sky and flies directly into the sky. At this time, suddenly two black birds flew in and landed on the river to play in the water. Dark birds fly and fall. As soon as the two girls saw the flying bird, they stopped the "water war" and stared at the soaring bird. Xuanniao stopped jumping and jumping on the beach, but as soon as they approached, Hua flew away again. Judie and her sisters didn't catch it for several times in a row, and they were very sad. A man bowed his head and suddenly found that the mysterious bird had left a round bird egg on the beach at his feet! You're holding it in your hand and watching it carefully. Seeing that their mother had discovered the rarity, the two sisters gathered around with great interest. Sister Jian Jian reached for it and played with it in her hand. Judie watched her sister play, and her heart itched, so she snatched it from her sister again. Judie grabbed the eggs, picked them up and ran. When my sister saw her sister run away, she shouted loudly, "Sister, don't run away! Be careful not to break it! " While running, Judie put the bird's egg in his mouth. Inadvertently, he stumbled and almost fell. He must be a god, only to find that the bird's egg in his mouth was swallowed!

Judie swallowed the bird's eggs, and she was always nervous. Mother comforted her and said, "It's okay, son. It will get better after a while." After a while, Judie gave birth to a lovely boy and named him Qi. This "deed" later became the ancestor of the Shang people. Since then, the Shang people have always regarded the mysterious bird as their totem.

"In a threesome bath, when I saw a bird dropping its eggs, Judie took it and swallowed it, because it was pregnant." This is a beautiful legend about the origin of Shang tribe recorded in Historical Records Yin Benji. In many historical books, such as The Book of Songs, Songs of the South, Lu Chunqiu, etc., there are records that Judie gave birth to a contract because he swallowed the eggs of a mysterious bird. Is it true that the ancestors of Shang people were born when Judie got pregnant because the God let the mysterious birds descend? This is just a simple explanation of people's self. Just as in western religions, the Virgin Mary was conceived by the gods and gave birth to Jesus. Anyway, this is always a beautiful story that has been circulated for thousands of years. Xuanniao merchants not only originated from the legends in classical literature, but also have similar records in Oracle bone inscriptions reflecting reliable history. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the word "Shang" looks like a bird's crown on the top and a cave dwelling on the bottom, which means that cave dwelling merchants take Xuanniao as their totem and take Shang as their family name.

The source of Wang Hai's business in China has spread from now on.

Time flies. After hundreds of years, Wang Hai, the sixth grandson of the Shang tribe, came out in the moonlight. People give him the best wishes of wisdom, courage and wealth, hoping that he will be able to shine and live a life of food and clothing when he grows up. God is really interested in inspiration. Wang Hai not only created the source of commerce in China, but also laid the foundation for the prosperity of Shang tribes in the future.

Wang Hai was born in the royal family, and his life was more affluent than that of his neighbors. There were several oxen in his family, and the cloth, chestnuts, millet, etc. sent by the people in worship were inexhaustible. Wang Hai, who is well-to-do, didn't sit back and enjoy the success, but had a whim to take a look at the outside world and see if there was anything more novel. Wang Hai personally tamed cattle, and had a wooden cart made, which was pulled by cattle and filled with silks, millet and other goods. In this way, Wang Hai, together with his childhood friends, walked out of his home, stepped through the uninhabited forest buildings, waded through the criss-crossing gullies and rivers, and came to other tribes that were far apart and never had contact.

The outside world is wonderful. Different living customs and different production and daily necessities have opened Wang Hai and his partners' eyes. They took out their own cattle, sheep, silks and millet to exchange their favorite love. The items brought by Wang Hai also opened the eyes of the people in the tribe. Mr Guo Moruo, a famous historian, wrote in "China Historical Draft": "Legend has it that the physiognomist is riding a horse and Wang Hai is serving an ox, that is, domesticating cattle and horses as a means of transportation ... trading among tribes."

Wang Hai bartered things and was warmly supported by his people, which made his family power more prosperous, which also strengthened his determination to do business. As a result, Wang Hai frequently carried out barter business activities with the surrounding tribes, and even went from Shangqiu in eastern Henan to Yishui in central Hebei.

Guo Moruo also said in China's Historical Draft that after Wang Hai arrived in the Yi tribe (now Yishui, Hebei Province), "Yi took Wang Hai's cattle and killed him." There are many records in this historical book, such as "Shan Hai Jing Da Huang Dong Jing", which records that "it is easy to kill Wang Hai and take a servant cow"; The Chronicle of Bamboo Records records that "the son of Yin Hou, Haibin, was easy to kill and let go". Wang Hai's belongings are too rich, how can he not be envied? Wang Hai's Shang tribe is too powerful to be envied by other tribes. Wang Hai was killed in Yishui by Mianchen, the king of Yi tribe. According to ancient records, Wang Hai's son Shangjiawei avenged his father's death, and rose up and destroyed Yi's family, thus expanding the influence of businessmen to Yishui Valley and taking their business tradition to further places. As a result, Shang Tang, the seventh grandson of Wang Hai, succeeded in overthrowing the Xia Dynasty in one fell swoop.

There are more than one place in China with the word "Shang" as its place name, such as Shangqiu, Shangshan, Shangzhou, Shangxian, Shangshui, Shanghe, etc., and only Shangqiu is truly associated with the commercial origin of China. The Shang tribe has been active in the present Shangqiu area from the Qi Dynasty to Wang Hai and then to Shang Tang in the pre-Shang period, which has been concluded by historians and archaeologists. In May, 24, the seminar "China Shangqiu and the Origin of Commerce" was held in Shangqiu. More than 4 well-known domestic experts and scholars who studied history, archaeology, economy and ethics in China had a heated discussion around Shangqiu and commerce, the origin of business culture and the origin of business in China, and agreed that Shangqiu was not only an important birthplace of business families, but also the origin of business in China. Xinhua News Agency issued a draft for this purpose: "Experts' Textual Research: China's commerce originated in Shangqiu, Henan".

Shang Tang's commercial achievements in cutting down the summer have made contributions to the Shang Dynasty.

"Those who lose people's hearts will lose the world, and those who win people's hearts will win the world." It is said that this sentence, which is a wake-up call for emperors in past dynasties, comes from the story of Shang Tang's summer cutting.

Dayu, the ancestor of Xia Dynasty, was a hero who saved water and people. After Yu's death, Yu's son Qi seized the throne and established Xia Dynasty, the first slavery dynasty in China. In the Xia Dynasty, the slave owners and nobles lived a luxurious and luxurious life. Xia Qi indulged in drinking, hunting and singing and dancing all day. Kai's son, Taikang, was even more dissolute. He went hunting and playing on the north bank of Luoshui for several months and lost his throne. At the end of the Xia Dynasty, social contradictions became more acute, and the Xia Dynasty began to decline. After Xia Jie acceded to the throne, he was even more tyrannical, immoral and shameless. "All the people are suffering from excessive taxation", and the tribes have also alienated him. This has created a favorable opportunity for Shang Tang to eliminate summer.

the ancestor contract of Shang dynasty once helped Dayu to control water and sealed it in the commercial land. The Shang nationality rose in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, which is a flood-prone area, so it has gone through 14 generations and 8 migrations from Qi to Tang. The animal husbandry of Shang tribe developed rapidly. At this time, Wang Hai domesticated cattle and horses and started the earliest commercial trade in China.

According to Guanzi Light and Heavy Armor, in Shang Tang, Xia Jie was extravagant and extravagant, and there were 3, female musicians alone, and "all of them refused to obey Wen Xiu's clothes". In order to weaken Xia's strength, Shang Tang adopted the strategy of Yi Yin, the minister, and ordered the women of his tribe to make "Wen embroidery" day and night in exchange for the food of Xia people. Through the development of commercial trade, the grain of the Shang nationality is increasing day by day, and the national strength is becoming stronger and stronger.

before the soup, Shang always surrendered to Xia. Later, at the suggestion of Yi Yin, Cheng Tang stopped paying tribute to Xia Dynasty. Xia Jie was furious, and called the vassals to ally in the place where there was still (now Jining, Shandong Province), ready to attack into soup. However, Xia Jie's baton didn't work, and none of the governors listened to his command. Cheng Tang and Yi Yin saw that the time was ripe to destroy the summer, that is, they set out to attack the Xia Dynasty. Xia Jie's army was deserted by others and was beaten out of the water. Finally, Xia Jie fled to Nanchao (now southeast of Shouxian County, Anhui Province) and died in Tingshan. The Xia Dynasty perished. After the Tang Dynasty destroyed the summer, it expanded its ruling area to all directions, established the second slave dynasty in China history-Shang Dynasty, and became the main ruler of the Yellow River basin. Its power developed rapidly, especially in the early political situation, social stability and great economic and cultural development. What marks this civilization is the considerable maturity of Oracle characters and the considerable progress of bronze smelting technology. When Shang Tang established the Shang Dynasty, the earliest capital was also in Bo (now Shangqiu, Henan). Shangqiu still retains the remains of famous businessmen's ancestors, such as the Mausoleum of Emperor Ku and the Tomb of Yi Yin.

the founding of businessmen is closely related to the development of commerce. Shang Tang attaches great importance to Yi Yin, and Yi Yin is good at managing the economy, recognizing the circulation law of goods "when the weight is heavy, the light is gone", promoting the circulation of goods and stabilizing the market, resulting in the development of social production and economic prosperity. Yi Yin can be said to be the earliest and most famous commercial manager in China. He used commercial means to help Shang Tang make contributions.

"the source of the three merchants" comes down in one continuous line to highlight the rich connotation of the Shang culture

From Xuanniao's business, with the ancestor contract of Shang tribe, to the sixth Sun Wanghai of the contract, taking the first step of commercial civilization, and then to the seventh Sun Chengtang of Wang Hai's business to prosper the economy and strengthen the tribal strength, overthrowing the Xia Dynasty and replacing it in one fell swoop, the "source of the three merchants" can be described as the same strain, highlighting.

Due to the low level of productivity in primitive society, all kinds of external forces of nature are threatening and binding people. Therefore, people worship nature and have the illusion that a clan is related to a certain animal or plant, thus taking it as the totem of their clan, that is, the ancestor, protector and symbol of this clan. In the early Shang tribes, the mysterious birds were used as totems, so there was a legend that mysterious birds made business. Xuanniao is a black swallow. When spring comes, swallows build nests in mud, find food and friends, mate and lay eggs, and raise their offspring. This beautiful scene inspired ancient humans. Therefore, people take the mysterious bird as a totem and pursue a hard-working, simple and beautiful life. This simple consciousness produced at the beginning of human birth is still a simple realm, and it is still respected by many people at present.

It is said that the history of China is a long feudal history, and Confucian culture and farming economy are the mainstream. In fact, the development of human society has been accompanied by commercial activities from the beginning, and commerce plays a vital role in economic and social development. Wang Hai's business reflects the excellent traditional business culture of the Chinese nation. After thousands of years of traditional culture, the Chinese business culture has gradually formed a distinct personality characteristic:

One of the characteristics is that thrift and housekeeping are the virtues of businessmen in business. The Chinese nation has always had the virtue of hard work, which is also reflected in businessmen's business. From Wang Hai, a businessman, to Chengtang, the Shang Dynasty experienced seven generations of commercial accumulation. It can be said that they strengthened their tribe and national strength through hard work. Businessmen also passed on the virtues of diligence and housekeeping from generation to generation, forming an entrepreneurial spirit that is not afraid of hardships and risks.

the second characteristic is that honesty and trustworthiness are the foundation of a business. There is a saying, "A gentleman loves money and takes it wisely." "Honesty-oriented" is the traditional virtue of China people in doing business. In the past dynasties, China businessmen regarded honesty, faithfulness, righteousness and benevolence as the golden rule of doing business. According to China's traditional ethics, the virtue of honesty is rooted in people's hearts, and only when they are sincere inside can they be trusted outside.

the third feature is that pioneering and enterprising is the secret of success for merchants. There is no road in the world. Only when there are more people walking can there be a road. Wang Hai took the road that no one had ever taken before, which created the source of commerce in China. In ancient and modern times, many businessmen made great achievements from scratch with the pioneering spirit of "self-improvement". This pioneering spirit is also manifested in not being afraid of hardships and taking risks.

the fourth characteristic is that perseverance is the magic weapon for businessmen to win. The road to business is full of hardships and twists and turns. Almost every successful businessman has a history of hard work. What is more commendable is that they show an indomitable fighting spirit and indomitable will when they lose. The ancient adage with winding paths and secluded places inspired generations of businessmen to forge ahead.

Because Chinese businessmen's culture has unique personality characteristics, Chinese businessmen stand side by side with Arab businessmen, Jewish businessmen and Indian businessmen in the world business culture, which enriches the diversified connotation of the world business culture. Arabs believe in Islam and their pious attitude towards religion makes Arab businessmen have super self-discipline. They have many timeless business management skills under the primitive and quaint business management model. Jews have a strong national outlook and a long history and culture. Because they have experienced many hardships, they have formed a personality characteristic of believing in themselves, keeping promises and being smart. India is the birthplace of Buddhism, and the peaceful mentality of Indian businessmen stems from their religious beliefs, which is manifested in their management and market competition.

Our research on the origin of business culture lies in understanding the essence of Chinese businessmen, promoting Chinese businessmen's complex, and building the spiritual and cultural system of China businessmen. With the gradual integration of the world economy, only by absorbing and drawing lessons from advanced commercial civilization achievements from all over the world, can China's traditional commercial culture be effectively integrated with the world's modern commercial culture, can Chinese businessmen continue to grow and strengthen, thus making the Chinese nation stand on the top of the world forever.