Where is Liping County, Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou Province?

Located in: Liping County, Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou Province

Liping County

Liping:

Pinyin: Lí Píng Xiàn

Comprehensive county name: formerly Kaitai Province, famously known as Liyang

Liping is known as the "oil pot of Shanhai granary" and the "Dong capital of China"

Telephone area code : 0855

Local time: Beijing time (China Standard Time) UTC+8

Liping County is affiliated to Guizhou Province, and the People's Government is located in Defeng Town. County Party Secretary Min Qihua, County Magistrate Wang Chongsong. It is located at 108.31’-109.31’ east longitude and 25.41’-26 north latitude. It has a total population of more than 500,000 people. The local postal code is 557300. The county governs an area of ??4,441 square kilometers. It is the area with the largest population and the widest area in the Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture. Liping has a subtropical monsoon climate with distinct four seasons throughout the year, abundant rainfall, beautiful local mountains and clear waters, and a large number of cultural and natural landscapes.

II. Basic Overview

Liping County is located in the southeast of Guizhou Province, with longitude 108.31'-109.31' east and latitude 25.41'-26.31' north. It is located at the junction of Guizhou, Hunan and Guangxi provinces (regions) and in the transition area from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the Jiangnan hills. It has a humid mid-subtropical monsoon climate. It borders Jingzhou and Tongtong County in Hunan and Sanjiang County in Guangxi to the southeast, Rongjiang and Congjiang counties to the southwest, and Jianhe and Jinping counties to the northeast. It is a county with the Dong ethnic group as the main population and Dong, Han, Miao, Yao, Shui and other ethnic groups living together. It is also one of the counties with the largest area and most population in Guizhou Province.

Liping County is one of my country’s 28 key forest counties and one of the country’s 11 national demonstration counties for returning farmland to forest. It is also a national commercial grain base county. The county has a forestry land area of ??5.58 million acres, with a forest coverage rate of 58.44%. The main minerals discovered so far in Liping County include gold, phosphorus, manganese, coal, piezoelectric crystal, siliceous raw materials, limestone for cement, stone for decoration, and sand and gravel for construction. There are 106 mineral deposits and mineral points (mineralization points). Among them, 37 minerals have proven reserves to varying degrees, with 168 main reserves producing areas. There are 8 large-scale mines and 16 medium-sized mines with proven reserves. The main minerals developed are gold, silica, decorative stone plates, construction sand and gravel, bricks and clay, etc. Timber accumulation ranks first in Guizhou Province. The accumulation of Nanzhu ranks second in Guizhou Province. It is rich in tea, camellia oil, fruits, tung oil, rosin, Chinese medicinal materials, gold and marble. There are more than 140,000 acres of camellia oleifera forest in the territory, with an annual output of 1,500 tons of refined Dong camellia oil.

The county has 996,000 acres of pine forests, with an annual production and processing of 4,000 tons of rosin, ranking first in the province. Liping cattle and Liping fragrant rice sell well in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, and the entire Guizhou Province. The geological reserves of silicon ore are nearly 100 million tons, and it has gradually become one of the industrial silicon production bases in southwest China.

Liping currently has 2 special-level tourist attractions, 25 first-level tourist attractions, and 37 second-level tourist attractions. There is no severe cold in winter or scorching heat in summer, and the annual average temperature is 15-25℃.

3. Administrative divisions

Liping County governs 10 towns:

Defeng Town, Gaotun Town, Zhongchao Town, Mengyan Town, and Aoshi Town , Jiuchao Town, Yandong Town, Shuikou Town, Hongzhou Town, Shangzhong Town.

It governs 15 townships (including 2 ethnic townships)

Hue Yao Township, Leidong Yao Shui Township, Yongcong Township, Luoli Township, Maogong Township, and Bazhai Township, Koujiang Township, Shuangjiang Township, Zhaoxing Township, Long'e Township, Diping Township, Deshun Township, Dajia Township, Pingzhai Township, and Dehua Township.

4. Historical evolution

“The treasures of Liping Mountain are famous for thousands of miles.” This is the admiration of ancient literati for the culture of the ancient town of Liping. In the current international metropolis of Shanghai, there is a road named Liping Road. The ancient city of Liping, located at the junction of Guizhou, Hunan and Guangxi provinces, has a history of more than 1,300 years. In the Tang Dynasty, Liping was the seat of Longbiao County, then called Wunao Village, and the chieftains first emerged. In the 20th year of Yuan Shizu's reign, it was renamed Liping. The deputy governor of the Northern Song Dynasty, Long Yuguan, and the prime minister Sima Guang wrote to Emperor Shenzong: "The mountains of Mandi Guzhou (residing in today's Liping Luoli) are rich in treasures. The barbarians gathered together to cause chaos." Shenzong ordered an attack on the native chief Yang Chenglei. After Yu Guan commanded the Song army and shot thousands of people in the Dong village not far from Liping City, he renamed the village "Pingyue Village". This is an earlier record of Liping's specialties and military affairs, and it is also one of the important written materials from southeastern Guizhou to the Song Dynasty. Liping, also known as Liyang, is known as the "throat of eastern Guizhou and a military fortress".

Since the Song Dynasty, it has been a strategic military location and has been subject to constant battles. In the Ming Dynasty, Wu Mian led an army of 200,000 peasant rebels to capture Guzhou (now Luoli, Liping) and Jingzhou. The imperial court ordered Chu kings Zhu Zhen and Tang He to lead troops to encircle and suppress the area. The war lasted for 10 years. In the 11th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1413), Liping Mansion was established, with jurisdiction over 14 long official divisions including Wukaiwei. In the mid-1930s, the Red Army's Long March reached Liping, the first county in Guizhou. Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Wang Jiaxiang and others held the "Liping Conference" here, establishing the military strategic route for the Red Army's Long March to march north. Although this place has been devastated by wars, many cultural relics and historic sites remain. Ancient city walls such as the Dongcheng Gate and Nancheng Gate are still in existence; residential buildings from the Ming and Qing Dynasties such as Erlangpo, Majia Lane and Shuangjing Street are still numerous; ancient commercial buildings from the early Qing Dynasty such as the Huguang Guild Hall, Hu Rongshun Store and Jiurutang are still towering; He Religious and military monuments such as Gongci, Nanquanshan Ancient Temple, Xifo Cliff, and Shiwanping Ancient Battlefield are still in their glory. It can be said that Liping is a rare cultural repository from the Song Dynasty to the Republic of China. This profound cultural accumulation from the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties has fully demonstrated the cultural quality and original ecological culture of Liping Ancient City.

Rivers and well water are the aura of a city, and culture is the soul of a city. The ancient city of Liping is surrounded by the Nanquan Mountains in the south and the Beimen Mountains in the north, forming a boat-shaped basin that stretches from Wukai to Luotuan and is ten kilometers long and three kilometers wide. In the city, the crystal clear Longxi River (now called Fulu River) flows down the Qingshui River along the foot of Beimen Mountain. There are also five continuous Wunao Mountains in the city, forming a Wukaihuilong. What is amazing is that our ancestors used the Book of Changes, stars, heavenly stems and earthly branches, and geography to calculate the layout based on the topography of the Five Brains, and dug the "Nine Eight" 72 wells. The layout of the wells resembled a huge Arhat map. . This kind of well digging layout is rare in the country. The unique wells and dragon streams here have nourished the lives of this place and raised generations of descendants of Liping, resulting in the emergence of talents in large numbers. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Liping produced 30 Jinshi and 236 people. Many talents such as He Tengjiao, a scholar of the Hanlin Academy and the Minister of War in the Ming Dynasty, Mei Youyue, Zhu Wannian, and Zhu Wannian, the former minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs of Yazhong, emerged.

As the seat of Longbiao County in the Tang Dynasty, Liping can also read some epic poems praising Liping’s landscape culture from ancient books and documents. After Wang Changling was demoted to Longbiao County Lieutenant, when he said goodbye to his friends in Longxi during the Tianbao period (742), he wrote "Send Cui Canjun to Longxi": "Longxi is only on Longbiao, and the two moons in the autumn mountains face each other." Wanli of the Ming Dynasty In the autumn of the 27th year, Long Qilei, who was then a judge of Dali in Nanjing, returned to Liping from Nanjing and moved to Longxi to compose a poem "Sacrifice to King Changling": "The dragon marks the sky far away from Longxi, the green mountains are dim and the moon is low; the moon is low for thousands of years. The soul should not complain, and the poems bloom all over Yelangxi." These few sentences express Liping's beautiful geographical features, and also express his great sympathy and praise for Wang Changling's demotion to Long Biaowei. The spirit of culture and the emotion of poetry blooming all over Yelangxi.

The ancient city of Liping is a transportation fortress between Huguang in the east and Yunnan and Guizhou in the west. It is also a watershed between the two major rivers of Qingshui Jiangdu and Liujiang. It is rich in fir, fungus, yam, cowhide, etc. It has been a place where merchants from all ages have gathered. The market is quite prosperous, and it is nicknamed Little Nanjing. In the mid-Qing Dynasty, merchants from Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Jiangxi and other provinces established chambers of commerce in Liping. The existing Huguang Guild Hall in Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty covers a building area of ??more than 3,480 square meters. In the Yu Palace alone, there are more than 80 inscriptions on various flat plaques such as "Tan Hua Ji Di" and "Number One Scholar Ji Di". In terms of wood, there are still dark wood from more than 5,000 years ago. "Thousands of people bow their hands every day, and thousands of lanterns light up at night." This was the grand prosperity of the ancient city of Liping. In order to prosper the economy, local residents have year round transported tea oil, walnuts, mushrooms, gastrodia elata, eucommia and other rare medicinal materials from the mountainous areas to the Qingshui River, down to Dongting, and to Shanghai. Therefore, the ancient city of Liping has always been famous in major cities such as Shanghai. Since the Song Dynasty, the saying "the treasures of Liping Mountain are famous for thousands of miles" has been spread farther and farther and lasts for a long time.

The historical status and role of the Liping Conference:

The Liping Conference was the first important meeting in a series of conferences with the Zunyi Conference as a great symbol. The specific manifestations are:

First, the Liping Conference was a Politburo meeting held after the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China broke out from the Jiangxi Central Soviet Area. After the Central Committee Plenary Session concluded, this was the highest-level meeting within the party. , which determined the major policy changes in the Red Army's Long March strategy at that time. Therefore, the resolutions and decisions made at the meeting are of vital importance and determine the fate and future of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Red Army.

Second, it was the first time to deny the erroneous strategic policy of Bogu and Li De that caused the Red Army to suffer huge losses.

At the beginning of the Long March, the central government had two erroneous lines that it "never forgotten": one was that it refused to throw away the "tanks and jars" and solved them only after breaking through the fourth blockade of the Kuomintang army; the other was that it refused to change and go north to Xiangxi to join the Second and Sixth Red Army Corps. The original unrealistic strategic policy. The quarrels continued all the way and were not resolved at the channel meeting. It was resolved clearly for the first time at the Liping Conference. In the name of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, the obsolete and wrong military line stubbornly insisted on by Bo Gu and Li De was rejected in the form of a decision. .

Third, for the first time in more than three years since the Gannan Conference in November 1931, Mao Zedong’s excluded position in the central leadership began to form, and the majority of the leaders of the central government began to form (including those who opposed him in the past), agreed, supported and supported his correct propositions, thus laying a solid foundation for the Zunyi Conference to re-establish Comrade Mao Zedong's core leadership position in the Party Central Committee. It is of great significance for the Chinese revolution to get back on the right path, for the Chinese revolution to develop rapidly under the correct leadership of Mao Zedong, to avoid the Chinese revolution from taking another detour, and to reduce the time the Chinese people have to fumble in the dark.

Fourth, the meeting made a decision to establish a new base area on the Sichuan-Guizhou border. Although it could not be realized due to subsequent changes in circumstances, the direction, tasks, and goals it proposed were important for uniting the entire party and the entire army. Strength, inspire fighting spirit, eliminate the dangerous tendencies of defeatism and guerrillaism, strengthen the Red Army's revolutionary faith, and build confidence in victory play an important role.

Fifth, this meeting became an attempt by the Communist Party of China to independently solve its own major problems, and created the first time in the history of our party to deny the wrong guidance of the Communist International and its representatives on the Chinese revolution. The precedent is a turning point for our party from blind obedience to the Communist International to independent thinking, from resignation to self-assertion.

5. Forest Resources

Forestry is Liping’s traditional industry. As early as the fourth year of Qianlong’s reign in the Qing Dynasty (1739), Liping began artificial afforestation. In the forty-second year of Qianlong’s reign (1777), Liping Within the territory, "the fir trees on both sides of the strait are reflected, and a huge raft flows along the river." The wood sells well in Jianghuai and Guangxi. Through the ups and downs of forest management for more than 260 years, the people of Liping have accumulated rich experience in forest management and created extremely huge spiritual and material wealth. In 2006, the county had a forest area of ??3.7 million acres, a forest coverage rate of 65%, and a standing stock volume of 14.15 million cubic meters, ranking first among the 10 forestry counties in the province. There are 24 nationally protected rare tree species and 1,220 wild species. Chinese herbal medicines; 52 genera and 675 species of wild animals.

Liping’s tourism resources consist of natural landscape tourism, ethnic customs tourism and historical and cultural tourism. The tourist attractions include Gaotun Tiansheng Bridge, the longest span natural stone arch bridge listed in the Guinness Book of World Records, and the beautiful Bazhou River Scenic Area; there are Nongxiang Mountain Forest and Taiping Mountain Phoebe, which are known as the original forest and bamboo sea. Bamboo forest, etc., the accumulation of Nanzhu ranks second in the province. The cultural landscapes include Zhaoxing Drum Tower Group, Liping Conference Site, Tang'an Ecological Museum, Dongmen Qiaojie Ancient Building Group, etc., as well as the Dong Nationality Songs and Pipa Songs, which are known as the wonders of oriental art. They combine natural landscapes and cultural landscapes. , ethnic customs and cultural relics and historic sites, it is a key area of ??Guizhou's eastern tourism boutique line. The content of Liping's national culture is extensive and profound, rich and colorful, with various forms. It mainly includes national song and dance culture, national customs and customs culture, national architectural culture, and national production and living culture. Liping County is rich in forest resources and has a large accumulation, mainly producing fir. Therefore, Known as the "hometown of fir", it is one of the top ten forest counties in Guizhou Province, with a forest coverage rate of 58%. The main tree species are: fir, masson pine, camellia oleifera, pecan, tung tree, oak, and bamboo.

The rare tree species in the forest resources within the territory include:

The first-level national protection: Bald fir

The second-level national protection: pecan walnut, Bole tree, Cephalotaxus, ten-toothed flower, water chestnut ginseng, fragrant fruit tree, umbrella tree, ginkgo, goosefoot autumn, horsetail tree, sightseeing tree.

Belonging to the third level of national protection: Firth panicle, yellow-branched cedar, pilose cedar, concave-leaf Magnolia officinalis, red-flowered Magnolia, Ledong pseudounisexual Magnolia, Hokkien phoebe, South China five-needled pine , green sandalwood, white cinnamon tree, silver magpie tree, mahogany.

Belongs to the key protected tree species in Guizhou Province: Cephalotaxus, southern yew, Guinan magnolia, mountain smile, broad-leaf smile, bright-leaf smile, Phoebe, small-leaf red bean, flower palm, Wood pod red bean, South China birch, green line willow, wood lotus, etc.

Chinese herbal medicine resources

Liping is very rich in Chinese herbal medicine resources. Medicinal plants include platycodon, honeysuckle, three needles, rhizome, pinellia, striga, three hundred sticks, and Dipsacus , Eucommia ulmoides, gardenia, cork, hawthorn, black plum, Tongcao, Bamboo Sha, Phnom Penh small yellow grass, bamboo ginseng, Chinese begonia, Chinese snow gallbladder and hundreds of other species. In recent years, artificially introduced and cultivated species include Gastrodia elata, Eucommia ulmoides, Sichuan Fritillaria, Poria cocos, Polygonatum odoratum, Radix Pseudostellariae, Adenophora adenophora, Niu Xi, etc. ,

In April 2021, Liping County was selected into the 2021 Second Top 100 Chinese Cultural Counties.

In January 2021, the 2020 county rankings for rural revitalization communication influence were released, and Liping County ranked 320th.

In November 2020, the ranking of the top 100 counties in China's tea industry in 2020 was released, and Liping County ranked 55th.

In June 2020, Liping County was included in the second batch of counties for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics (Long March Area (Red Front Army)).

In March 2019, Liping County was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education nationwide in 2018.

In December 2018, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission named Liping County as the sixth batch of national national unity and progress demonstration areas.