What means of transportation are there in the Ming Tombs (Yuling)?

Traffic Guide of the Ming Tombs (Yuling): Aviation

Beijing Capital International Airport is located in Shunyi District, northeast of Beijing, about 30 kilometers away from the urban area. Capital Airport is the first airport in China with three terminals, three runways and two towers. Among them, Terminal 3 is the largest single terminal in the world and the first Olympic non-competition venue put into operation.

Taxi: The starting price of taxis operated by Capital Airport is 10 yuan/3km, and then 2 yuan/km. After driving 15km, 50% idle driving fee will be charged for every kilometer. It takes about 80 yuan to get to the airport by taxi from downtown.

Airport bus: Line 2, Line 3, Line 4 15 minutes, and other lines run every 30 minutes. Tickets are available at the airport and all stations in the city. The fare is 16 yuan.

Airport Line 1: Capital Airport-Fangzhuang (Gui You Building), passing through Liangmaqiao, Baijiazhuang, Dabeiyao (Guomao), Panjiayuan and He Shili (Jing Rui Building), with the first bus at 6:00 and the last bus at19: 30; Fangzhuang-Capital Airport, passing through Dabeiyao

(China Southern Airlines Hotel), the first bus leaves at 7:30 and the last bus leaves at 22:30.

Airport Line 2: Capital Airport-Xidan (Civil Aviation Business Building), passing Sanyuanqiao, Dongzhimen and Dongsishitiao Bridge, with the first bus at 7:00 and the last bus ending on the same day; Xidan-Capital Airport, passing through Dongzhimen (50 meters east of the bridge), with the first bus at 5:30 and the last bus at 2 1:00.

Airport Line 3: Capital Airport-Beijing Railway Station, passing through Yuyang Hotel, Dongdaqiao (no stop after 22:30), Chaoyangmen and Yabao Road, with the first bus at 7:30 and the last bus ending on the same day; Beijing Railway Station-Capital Airport, passing through International Hotel (West Gate), Dongzhimen (50 meters east of the bridge) and Jingxin Building (West Gate), with the first bus at 5:30 and the last bus at 2 1:00.

Airport Line 4: Capital Airport-Gongzhufen (Xinxing Hotel), passing through the International Exhibition Center, Xibahe, Anzhen Bridge, Madian Bridge, Beitaizhuang, Jimen Bridge, Friendship Hotel, Beijing TV Station and Zizhu Bridge, with the first bus at 7:00 and the last bus at 23: 00; Gongzhufen-Capital Airport, passing through Friendship Hotel (North Gate Air Ticket Office), North Taiping Zhuang, Anzhen Building and Space Bridge, the first bus is at 5:30, and the last bus is at 2 1:00.

Airport Line 5: Capital Airport-Zhongguancun (Bridge 4), passing through Wangjing (Huajiadi), Xiaoying, Asian Games Village (Anhui Bridge) and Ponte dell'Accademia, with the first bus at 8:30 and the last bus at 21:30; Zhongguancun-Capital Airport, passing Beihang University (North Gate), Huixin West Street (Anhui Building) and Huixin East Street (China Petrochemical Group), the first bus is at 6:00, and the last bus is 19:30.

Airport Line 6: Nanyuan Airport-Xidan, passing through Fuhai Park, and the departure time is adjusted with the flight time.

Wangjing Special Line: Capital Airport-Wangjing (Civil Aviation Cadre Management College), passing through Huajiadi Beili, Nanhu Canal, West Exit of Wangjing Street and West Area of Wangjing Garden, with the first bus at 7:00 and the last bus at 23: 00; Wangjing-Capital Airport, passing through Wangjing Garden West, Wangjing Street West and Guang Shun Street North, with the first bus at 5:45 and the last bus at 20:45.

Direction of Tianjin: The departure time of Beijing Capital Airport is from 7:00 to 23: 00, and it runs every 30 minutes after 7: 00, 8:00 and 9:00, opposite to the bus stop 15; Tianjin runs every 30 minutes after 4:00 ~ 18: 00, 4:00, 5:00 and 6:00, and the bus stops at the intersection of Nanjing Road and Shanxi Road. Ticket price, 70 yuan.

Nanyuan Airport is located in Fengtai District, the southern suburb of Beijing, 5 km away from Tiananmen Square/KLOC-0, with a 4C-class runway. This is the first large-scale dual-use airport in Beijing. At present, the navigable cities are Wuxi, Jiamusi, Jingdezhen, Dalian, Harbin, Hailar, Chengdu and Hohhot.

Transportation: Take bus 13, 62, Yuntong 16+05, 6 10, 369, 353 and 953 and get off at the south exit of Xinhua Road.

railway

Beijing is the national railway hub, with six passenger train stations.

Beijing Railway Station is located at No.A 13, MAO house bay hutong, Dongcheng District, and can be reached by subway or bus. Beijing Railway Station is a national special railway passenger station, which mainly undertakes the passenger transport tasks of Jingshan, Qin Jing, Beijing-Shanghai, Jingcheng, Jingyuan and Baojing lines, and there are international and international combined passenger trains bound for Pyongyang, Ulaanbaatar and Moscow.

Beijing West Railway Station is located at Guanglian Road 19, Fengtai District. From downtown, you can take the subway 1 line and get off at the Military Museum Station. Beijing West Railway Station is also a special station, and the trains from here cover major cities in South China, Southwest China and Northwest China.

Beijing South Railway Station is located atNo. Yongwai 12, Chongwen District. It was put into operation in August 2008. Xinnan Station has become the most modern railway station in Beijing and the starting point of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway.

Beijing North Railway Station is Xizhimen Railway Station. Take Metro Line 2 and get off at Xizhimen Station. The railway station, designed and built by Zhan Tianyou, has been listed as a first-class cultural relic protection building in Beijing. The station mainly transports tourists to Badaling and Kangxi grasslands in the suburbs of Beijing.

Beijing East Railway Station, located at No.7 Baiziwan Road, Chaoyang District, is a freight-oriented passenger and freight station.

Fengtai Railway Station, located at No.4 Zhengyang Street, Fengtai District, is a comprehensive special station integrating passengers, goods, transportation and equipment.

highway

There are 12 national highways radiating from Beijing in all directions, which can reach Shenyang, Tianjin, Harbin, Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Nanjing, Fuzhou and Kunming respectively.

There are nine expressways in Beijing: Badaling Expressway, Capital Airport Expressway, Shen Jing Expressway, Jingjintang Expressway, Shi Jing Expressway, Zhangjing Expressway, Jingcheng Expressway, Jingha Expressway and Jingkai Expressway.

There is a 19 coach station in Beijing.

Beijing has now opened direct passenger transportation to Benxi and Liaoyang expressways. Both lines run on the Beijing-Shenyang Expressway, and meals are provided free of charge on the way. The total length of Benxi line is 820km, and the fare is 195 yuan, which runs every day. 10: 30am departs from Bawangfen Long-distance Bus Terminal (partially departs from Sihui Station), and Benxi Bus Terminal returns at 20: 00am. The total length of Liaoyang Line is 700km, and the fare is 170 yuan. It also runs every day. Depart from Bawangfen long-distance bus terminal at 1 1:00 in the morning and return to Liaoyang bus terminal at 22:00.

bus

The unified fare for urban buses is 1 yuan, and the starting price for suburban buses is 1 yuan. According to the distance, the fare will be charged according to 0.5 yuan or 1 yuan, and the fare of air-conditioned cars is more expensive than that of ordinary cars. It is recommended to apply for a bus card, which has great discount and convenient use.

Bus card: According to the regulations of Beijing Municipal Government, anyone who swipes a card will enjoy a 60% discount on the ticket, and students can apply for a student card with their student ID card, with a 20% discount on the fare. It can be handled in subway stations, some bus hubs and big shopping malls, and the deposit is 20 yuan. (Both the subway window of Beijing Railway Station and the bus hub of Beijing West Railway Station can be handled, and the acceptance point will get off work at 7 pm)

Time ticket card: 3-day card fare 10 yuan, limited within 3 days 18 times; 7-day card fare 20 yuan, limited to 42 times in 7 days; 15 card fare in 40 yuan, limited to 90 times a day on 15. You can take the urban bus lines except the prefix "9", excluding the subway. Deposit, 20 yuan.

Tourist-only route

There are many kinds of tourist buses in Beijing. One is a tourist bus that starts with the word "tour". The fare depends on the distance, luxury cars and air-conditioned cars, generally between 30-70 yuan, in which 1 to 5 branch lines leave every day, and bus lines and shuttle buses from 6-to 18 leave on Saturday, Sunday and legal holidays. In addition, there are buses with the prefix "9" (20% off with one card) and single-day buses.

Human tricycles

Passenger tricycles in Beijing are generally gathered in the transportation center and tourist hotspots in the city center. Due to the serious traffic jam in taxis on holidays, people choose tricycles that can wear hutongs. In addition, it is very convenient to see the street scene by tricycle, so the cost of tricycle is slightly higher than that of taxi.

Bicycle; Bicycle exercise

Many big hotels in Beijing have the business of renting bicycles, and the daily rent is around 20 ~ 30 yuan. If you want to have a more thorough understanding of Beijing, you might as well rent a semi-new bike, and then you can enjoy walking in the hutongs in the city center.

Other tourist trains

Every day, there are special tourist trains from several railway stations in Beijing to various scenic spots in the suburbs of Beijing. Beijing Railway Station, Beijing North Railway Station, Beijing South Railway Station and Beijing Railway International Travel Service can all buy holiday train tickets. Visitors can buy tickets for tourist attractions at designated railway ticketing places, and there is no need to buy tickets after arriving at the scenic spots. With the ticket, you can take the outbound trains of Beijing Railway Station, Beijing North Railway Station and Beijing South Railway Station for free.

subway

At present, there are subway 1 line, subway line 2, subway line 5, subway Batong line and subway 13 line (light rail) in Beijing. Line 1 starts from the apple orchard in the west and ends at Sihui East Station in the east; Line 2 passes through Xizhimen, Fuxingmen, Hepingmen, Qianmen and Beijing Railway Station. Batong Line Sihui to Tuqiao. The first bus is usually at 5 o'clock in the morning and the last bus is around 23 o'clock in the evening. The fare is 739 yuan, and there is no discount for one card.

Ming Yuling is located at the south foot of Shimen, the west peak of Tianshou Mountain in the Ming Tombs. It is the burial tomb of Ming Yingzong, the sixth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and Qian and Zhou, the empresses.

Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen, the eldest son of Ming Xuanzong. Xuande was born on November 11th in the second year (1427), became the Crown Prince on February 6th in the third year (1428), and became the emperor on the 10th day of the first month in the tenth year (1435), and changed to yuan orthodoxy the following year.

Yingzong Deng Ji is 9 years old. Because Empress Dowager Cixi was wise, she paid attention to restraining the internal ministers and entrusted three senior officials to the government. In the first few years, she was able to observe benevolent government and publicize the old system, and her political affairs were still considerable.

Later, because of her old age and illness, Empress Dowager Tai became less and less interested in things inside and outside the imperial court. In Sanyang, he died in the fifth year of orthodoxy (1440), and his son Yangji was not rehabilitated because of official correction. Yang Pu is the only one in the cabinet. He is old and lonely. Other cabinet ministers have lower ranks. As a result, Wang Zhenyi, the eunuch of Li Si prison, gradually took control of state affairs by relying on the love of Yingzong.

In the seventh year of orthodoxy (1442), Zhang Taihou died, and he also died the following year. Wang Zhen became more unscrupulous and took control of the imperial power. In July of the 14th year of orthodoxy (1449), the Walla Department of Mongolia lured other tribes to invade the south on a large scale. Vala, a captain, also personally led the troops to attack Datong, and expedited frontier newspapers to fly to the Forbidden City. Wang Zhen attempted to succeed by fluke, and suggested that Yingzong go out in person. The ministers of the Ministry of War, Kuang _, and Assistant Minister Yu Qian said that "the Sixth Division should not be taken lightly", and Wang Zhi, the minister of the official department, also led hundreds of officials to remonstrate, which was not adopted.

Egged on by Wang Zhen, Yingzong led more than 500,000 troops into the Beijing camp on July 16, and went to war quickly. On the way, ministers repeatedly advised Yingzong to drive back to Beijing, but Wang Zhen still wouldn't listen. When Yingzong and Wang Zhencai knew the terrible defeat, they panicked and decided to transfer troops back to Beijing. But without careful planning, many times on the way in vain. Due to the detour of the Ming army, it was not until August 12 that it reached the civil fort 20 miles away from Huailai city. The next day, the Walla army arrived and surrounded the civil fort, and hundreds of thousands of Ming troops were all wiped out. More than 50 civil and military ministers under Zhang Fu were killed, and Yingzong was captured by the Walla army. Fan Zhong, the general of the guard, angrily raised the hammer and killed Wang Zhen. History calls this event "the change of civil engineering".

On August 17th, the report of civil strife reached Beijing. Hundreds of civil and military officials gathered in the hall and wept bitterly. Empress Dowager Sun Shi appointed Zhu Jianshen, the two-year-old son of Yingzong (then called Jianjun), as the Crown Prince, and appointed Zhu Qiyu, the younger brother of Yingzong, as the prime minister. In September, the courtier resigned, obtained the consent of the queen mother, and asked Wang to be the emperor. The envoys sent to Walla sent orders to Li, and at the same time handed down the imperial edict of Yingzong, ordering the king to "sacrifice with reunification". _ Wang Sui proclaimed himself emperor on the sixth day of September, honoring Yingzong as the emperor's father, and changed to Jingtai the following year. Emperor Jingtai (namely Ming Daizong), with the support of Yu Qian, the minister of the Ministry of War, arranged the Yugoslav capital of Beijing. Under the command of Yu Qian, the army and the people United as one, defeated the Walla army that attacked Beijing, and won a brilliant victory in the defense of Beijing.

First, I want to take Yingzong as a miracle and blackmail the Ming court for reparations. Seeing that a new emperor was established in the Ming Dynasty, Yingzong was released in August of the first year of Jingtai (1450).

After Yingzong returned to Beijing, although he was nominally the emperor's father, he actually lived in Nangong, where he was constantly under surveillance and could not be cured. Jingtai Emperor also abolished Prince Zhu Jianshen as the release king, and let his son regard Jing as the Crown Prince. Soon, Ji Jianying died young in. Emperor Jingtai was also seriously ill on December 28th in the seventh year of Jingtai (1456). When Hou Shiheng of Wuqing saw that Jingtai Emperor was dying, he conspired with Zhang Chewu, Zuodu suggestion Yang Shan, eunuch Cao Jixiang, Taichangqing Bin Xu and Zuodu suggestion Xu Youzhen to marry Yingzong.

In the eighth year of Jingtai (1457), there was an alarm at the border. In the name of increasing the garrison in the Imperial City, lead troops to the Imperial City. It happened that Emperor Jingtai was going to visit the DPRK the next day, and the city gate opened early, so they entered the imperial city smoothly. At dawn, I arrived at the Nangong where Yingzong lived. The Nangong door is locked and can't be opened. Xu Youzhen ordered everyone to slam the palace gate with the big trees in their hands, and ordered the soldiers to climb over the wall and tear down the palace wall with outsiders. When the city wall was broken and the gate was opened, Xu Youzhen and others helped Yingzong get into the chariot and hurried to the palace. The guards at Donghuamen stopped him, and Yingzong said, "I am so proud of the emperor" and rushed in. After entering the Fengtian Temple, everyone put the throne in the center, and Yingzong boarded the throne, ringing bells and drums, and summoned officials. Ministers are waiting for Emperor Jingtai to go to court in front of Fengtian Palace. When they heard all the noise in the hall, Xu Youzhen suddenly walked out of the hall and shouted to the ministers, "The emperor's father has recovered" and urged hundreds of officials to congratulate him. Yingzong once again ascended the throne of the emperor, and history called this palace "the change of seizing the door."

After the restoration of Britain, Jingtai was changed to the first year of Tianshun (1457). King Jingtai was abolished and moved west. Kill Yu Qian, who made meritorious deeds in fighting Vala. Carve the statue of Wang Zhen with fragrant wood, and summon the soul to be buried.

In the eighth year of Tianshun (1464), on the 17th day of the first month, Yingzong died, and it was named "Tian Li Taoist Ming City, Jing Zhao Wu Wenxian to Guang Xiao Ruidi". The last will stopped martyrdom and ended the cruel system of imperial secretary martyrdom. In May, Gong Xuan Mausoleum was built, and in August, Yingzong buried Yuling.

In the Ming Dynasty, Queen Rui of Xiao Zhuang moved, and Yingzong Yuanpei, a native of Haizhou, both commanded Qian Gui's daughter (later named An). After seven years of orthodoxy (1442), she became a queen. In the 14th year (1449), Yingzong was captured by Wara. In order to welcome Yingzong back to the DPRK, she exported all the wealth in the palace and cried sadly every day, praying for the gods to bless Yingzong. When you are tired, lie down on the spot, so that your leg will be broken. I cried all day, and I cried blind in one eye.

Xian zong acceded to the throne, honored as the empress dowager, and added the emblem of "Cixi". In the fourth year of Chenghua (1468), on June 26th, Qian died. Offering benefits to Xiaozhuang, Palace and Empress. Yuling was buried on September 4th.

After filial piety, Zhou was born in liu lin cun, Wenningli, Changping (now Haidian District), and was given Zhou Neng, the daughter of Ning Guogong, by thousands of royal guards. Tang Xianzong was born in the 12th year of the Orthodox Church (1447), and was conferred the title of imperial concubine in the first year of Tianshun (1457). Xian zong ascended the throne and was honored as the empress dowager. In the twenty-third year of Chenghua (1487), the title of "Shengci Renshou" was added. After Xiaozong ascended the throne, he was honored as the Queen Mother. In the seventeenth year of Hongzhi (1504), he died on March 1st, and was named as "filial piety, filial piety, chastity, consonance, and strong support for the Empress Dowager Saint". Yuling was buried on April 18.

Yuling was founded on February 29th, the eighth year of Tianshun after the death of Yingzong (1464). Eunuchs suspection.i, Fu and Yong, ministers of the Ministry of Industry, assistant ministers Kuai Xiang and Lu Xiang were ordered to supervise the work. More than 80,000 military and civilian craftsmen participated in the construction.

Kuaixiang and Luxiang were two skillful craftsmen in the early Ming Dynasty.

Kuai Xiang, a native of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province, was originally a carpenter in Xiangshan. Later, he was appointed as an assistant to the Ministry of Industry. His skill is superb and he can master the repair of the camp skillfully. "The pavilion in the attic of the temple, the pavilion on the cloister and the pavilion on Quyu are all hand-painted and focused on the key points. Hold the pen in both hands and become one. If you inadvertently maintain the accuracy every time you repair the ruler, you won't lose it. When Xian Zong was over 80 years old, he still devoted himself to technology, and every time he called it "Kuailuban", he presided over the project of rebuilding the three halls of the palace during the orthodox period.

Lu Xiang, a native of Yuanxi and Hongren in Jiangsu, built a palace in the imperial court and called his brother into Beijing. Lu Xian awarded the official position, and Lv Xiang awarded Zheng's deputy. Zheng Wang was transferred to the Ministry of Industry after being sealed, and was promoted to the Ministry of Industry by his own stone carving skills. He was appointed as a doctor in charge of the Ministry of Industry and later became an assistant minister. He "has a clever idea, trying to carve a pond with a square inch of stone, with all kinds of fish, dragons and algae in the water and clever music."

Under the supervision of these court officials, the Yuling project progressed rapidly, and the underground entrance was built in only two months. On May 8, the eighth year of Tianshun, Emperor Yingzong was buried; On June 20th, the mausoleum project was completed. According to Records of Ming Xianzong, the regulations of Yuling at that time were: "One city in Jinjing Baoshan, one in Zhaobi, one in Amin Building, one in Huamen Building, three rooms, five in Xiangtang, one in Yunlong, one in colored gold cinnabar oil tablet, one in altar, one in paper burner, one in chef's principal room, six in left and right wings, one in sacrificial pavilion, one in wall door and one in sacrificial ceremony. There are five forecourt halls, three halls, five back halls, four left and right wing rooms, twenty rooms surrounded by rest rooms and kitchens, eighty-six gatehouses, one gatehouse, one gatehouse, twenty-five large and small wall doors, eight small rooms, a well, twenty stables, two masonry bridges, 388 square feet of riverbank ditches and 2,684 pine trees.

The cemetery only took nearly four months from construction to completion.

The buildings in Yuling were renovated in 50-52 years of Qing Dynasty (1785- 1787), and the situation was the same as that in Xianling.

During the Republic of China, the Temple of Grace was demolished in the war, and in the sixth year of the Republic of China, the Gate of Grace was burned down (19 17). Now the gates of the mausoleum are in ruins, and the rest of the buildings are well preserved. & gt