What's the difference between a tortoise and a tortoise? What do they usually eat?

Turtles, also known as scarabs, grass turtles, mud turtles and mountain turtles, belong to Reptiles, Turtles and Tortoises in animal taxonomy, and are one of the most common turtles. Turtles are distributed almost everywhere in China, but the yield in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is higher. It is also produced in all parts of Guangxi, especially in the southeast and south of Guangxi. Foreign countries are mainly distributed in Japan and North Korea.

The tortoise shell is slightly flat, and the dorsal abdominal shell is fixed. The back shell is 65,438+00-65,438+02 cm long and 65,438+05 cm wide with three vertical ridges. There are yellow linear stripes on the side of the head and neck, slightly flat limbs, webbed fingers and toes, and claws at the end of toes except the fifth hind limb.

Turtles generally live in rivers, lakes, swamps, reservoirs and mountain streams, and sometimes they go ashore. In the natural environment, turtles feed on worms, snails, shrimps and small fish, and also eat the stems and leaves of plants. The tortoise is a temperature-changing animal with a body temperature of 65438 050℃.

When the temperature is higher than 10 degrees Celsius, it will enter hibernation. Tortoise activity is frequent from April to June every year, 65438+ 10. During this period, every day at sunset, turtles began to swim around in the water for food, and did not stop foraging until dawn, and often climbed ashore from 10 in the morning to 16 in the afternoon on sunny days, which was better than sunbathing on the shore. The feeding peak of turtles is from June to August, and the food intake decreases gradually in June 6- 10/October, and they hibernate in June-March.

In addition, turtles also have the following characteristics: low reproduction rate and slow growth. A turtle weighing about 500g will gain weight after feeding for one year100g. But the tortoise has a strong hunger tolerance, and it is not easy to starve to death even if it is deprived of food for several months. Strong disease resistance and high survival rate. So turtles are relatively easy to raise artificially.

Tortoise shell is a valuable medicinal material called "tortoise plastron", which has the effects of nourishing heart and kidney, nourishing yin and reducing fire, nourishing blood and strengthening body; At the same time, it is also a hemostatic and can be used to treat hematemesis, hematuria and uterine bleeding. In addition, turtle meat is extremely rich in protein and vitamins, and it is a delicious food and tonic. In recent years, due to overfishing, the resources of wild turtles are getting less and less, but the demand for turtles in domestic and foreign markets is increasing. Therefore, breeding turtles artificially can not only make people rich, but also protect the provenance of wild turtles.

(2) Feeding management

1. Feeding method

There are many ways to raise turtles artificially, such as pond culture, tank culture, wooden basin culture and reservoir pond culture. Each way has its own advantages and disadvantages, so you can choose according to local conditions. For general professional households and small-scale farms, it is better to build pond culture because of its convenient management and great economic benefits.

Construction of breeding ponds: Young turtle ponds and breeding ponds can be constructed according to the specifications and methods of scarab young turtle ponds and breeding ponds. Adult turtle ponds are similar to those of scarabs, but the area can be larger to breed more turtles. If the adult turtle pond is large, mixed culture of fish and turtles can be carried out, and some herbivorous and filter-feeding fish can be raised in the pond to improve the comprehensive economic benefits of breeding. It should be noted that turtles can also make holes and escape easily, so the wall base of the fence should be about 50 cm underground.

2. Turtle feed and feeding

There are many kinds of food for turtles, including rice, wheat, peas, small fish, shrimp, insects and snails, among which the favorite food is small fish, snails, corn and rice. In artificial feeding, in order to meet all kinds of nutrients needed for turtle growth and avoid poor growth and anorexia caused by single feed, various feeds should be adopted, such as fish, shrimp, snails and mussels in animal feed and rice, wheat and corn in plant feed. In order for turtles to fully digest these feeds, corn and peas need to be crushed and soaked for about 2 hours before feeding, and other large pieces of food must be chopped before feeding. It should also be noted that in different periods of turtle growth, feed containing different nutrients should be given according to its growth characteristics.

The turtle's life is closely related to the climate, and it begins to eat at the beginning of April every year. From June to August, the feeding activity reached its peak and the weight gain rate was the fastest. 5438+ 10 After the temperature gradually dropped in June, its food intake began to decline. When the temperature drops below 10 degrees Celsius, stop eating and enter the hibernation period. Therefore, turtles should be raised according to their growth characteristics, and the general requirements are as follows:

(1) timing. The temperature is low in spring and autumn, and the tortoise is inactive in the morning and evening. It only feeds around noon, so it is more appropriate to feed at 8-9 am. From Grain Rain to the autumnal equinox is the peak season for turtles to feed, and it is in summer. Generally speaking, soft-shelled turtles are inactive at noon, and they are usually fed in the afternoon 17- 19, so it is more appropriate to feed in the afternoon 16- 17. Timing can make turtles eat on time, get more nutrition and ensure fresh feed.

(2) positioning. Fixed feeding points should be set up along the edge of the pool, and the feeding platform of the feeding point should be close to the water surface, which is convenient for turtles to swallow water and bite. The purpose of feeding the turtles in a fixed position is to make them form a habit, so that they can find food conveniently, and at the same time, it is convenient to observe the activities of the turtles and check their feeding situation.

(3) Qualitative judgment. The feed should be kept fresh, and the leftover food should be removed in time after feeding to prevent the feed from rotting and stinking, affecting the appetite of turtles and polluting the water quality.

(4) quantitative. The feeding amount of feed depends on the temperature, water quality, the appetite and activity of soft-shelled turtle, and also depends on the appetite and activity, and it is advisable to have a little surplus in the meal. Generally, feed for one or two days 1 time.

3. Feeding of young turtles

The newly hatched turtle is weak in constitution, gastrointestinal function and digestive ability, so it is not suitable to be put into the culture pond immediately, but should be carefully fed and cared for for for a period of time to improve the survival rate of the turtle.

The feeding and nursing principles of young turtles are: 1. Do a good job of cleaning and hygiene to prevent turtles from getting sick. 2. Control the appropriate temperature and astringency to facilitate its normal growth. 3. Young turtles gradually adapt to the external environment and eat by themselves. The specific method is: first, put the larvae in a small glass box and let them crawl for 3-5 hours. After the umbilical cord of the larvae dries and converges, soak it in 0.6% physiological saline for a while, disinfect it, and then put it in an indoor glass box or wooden basin for feeding. Never use your hands to break the umbilical cord of the young turtle, which will cause casualties of the young turtle. Change the water 1-2 times a day in the turtle breeding box, and strictly control the water temperature at 25-30 degrees Celsius. When the weather is hot, it is necessary to spray water into the breeding box many times to adjust the temperature and increase the oxygen in the water, so that the young turtles can grow normally under suitable conditions. Young turtles that have just hatched 1-2 days need not be fed. After 2 days, they will start to feed a small amount of grain feed, and then feed a small amount of mixed feed such as cooked eggs, ground fish and shrimp, frog meat, pumpkin and sweet potato. After 7 days' rearing, the young turtles are strong and can be transferred to outdoor breeding ponds for breeding.

4. Precautions for raising turtles

(1) Young turtles, adult turtles and parent turtles should be raised in separate ponds to avoid the phenomenon of turtles swallowing young turtles, and at the same time, it is convenient to determine the feed dosage and feeding management, and to observe and master the growth of turtles.

(2) Because turtles are gentle and timid, they should keep quiet around the culture pond to avoid affecting their normal activities such as foraging, sunbathing, mating and spawning.

(3) Change the water in the feeding pond frequently, keep the water clean, do a good job in the hygiene of the feeding pond, and prevent the turtle from getting sick.

(4) The sand in the open space between the pool and the fence should keep a certain humidity. Some cooling measures should be taken in midsummer, such as sprinkling water and planting some small shrubs.

(5) Before the hibernation period, check the growth of turtles, and give the weak breeders more feed that turtles like to eat, so that turtles can store a lot of nutrients, grow strong and survive the winter safely.

5. Hibernation management

Turtle is a temperature-changing animal, and its life is greatly affected by the environmental temperature. 165438+ 10 to March of the following year, when the temperature is below 100C, the turtle is still lying in the mud at the bottom of the pond or in the loose soil covered with straw, and does not eat and hibernate. At this time, its new metabolism is very slow and weak. It was not until the beginning of April that the temperature rose above l50C that the tortoise resumed its activities and ate a lot. During hibernation, there was no need to feed food or change water. The main work in this period is to keep warm, such as covering the open space around the pool and between the pool and the fence with straw; The second is to prevent tortoises from being attacked by natural enemies.

(3) Breeding technology

1. Male and female identification of tortoise

There are obvious differences in appearance between female and male turtles: the male turtle has a small body, a black shell, a slender trunk, a long tail and a thin handle, and a special smell; The female turtle has a large body, brown shell, prominent longitudinal edges, short and thick trunk, thick tail and short handle, and no special smell. A more reliable and accurate identification method is: in the breeding season of the tortoise, catch the adult tortoise, and when its limbs and head and tail are trying to shrink into the human shell, squeeze its head and limbs with your fingers so as not to give it time to breathe. At this time, the water from the accessory bladder is discharged from the reproductive hole of the turtle, and then the genitals slowly protrude. If only the longitudinal inner wall protrudes outward, it is a female turtle; If there is a connector with congestion, swelling and brown-purple protrusion, it is a male turtle. If it is in mating season, male turtles will also have milky semen.

breed

Turtles generally mature over 8 years old, 10 years old. The mating time of turtles begins in late April, usually from 17 to 18 in the afternoon. They mate on land or in water. Turtles lay eggs on land from May to August. Before turtles lay eggs, they usually climb to a secluded place far from the shore at dusk or before dawn, where the soil is loose (the soil water content is 5%-20%), and then dig holes alternately with their hind legs (generally, the hole depth is about 10cm and the diameter is 8- 12cm), and then lay eggs in the holes. After laying eggs, scrape them clean, cover them with soil, and level the soil with abdominal nails before leaving. Turtles have no habit of guarding holes and eggs; Another reproductive feature is that the maturity of eggs is not synchronized. Therefore, female turtles lay eggs 3- 14 times a year, and each time they lay eggs 5- 17.

When artificially raising soft-shelled turtles, before mating period, mature soft-shelled turtles are selected, carefully fed and supplied with sufficient nutrition, especially feed rich in protein, so as to help soft-shelled turtles produce excellent germ cells; Secondly, in the mating period of turtles, according to the ratio of 1: 1, the sexually mature and strong male and female turtles are combined to make them naturally mate. During the spawning period of turtles, attention should be paid to keeping the breeding pond quiet and the appropriate humidity of the ground sand outside the pond, so as to facilitate the smooth spawning of female turtles. Finally, turtle eggs should be collected at any time for artificial incubation in order to obtain higher reproduction rate and improve economic benefits.

3. Artificial incubation of tortoise shells

The turtle egg shell is gray oval, 2.7-3.8 cm long and 1.3-2 cm wide. Under natural conditions, after 50-80 days of incubation, the young turtles hatched. However, the natural hatching of turtle eggs is easily affected by external conditions such as temperature and light, and is endangered by natural enemies such as snakes, rats and ants, resulting in long incubation period and low hatching rate and survival rate. In order to improve the hatching rate of turtles, artificial hatching can be used. Specific practices are as follows:

(1) Egg collection: Male turtles like to gather under grass and tree roots and dig holes to lay eggs. Therefore, they can find turtle spawning holes and collect turtle eggs according to the soft soil or footprints left at acupoints. Because turtles mostly lay eggs at dusk or before dawn, it is best to collect eggs in the morning to avoid being hurt by the scorching sun.

(2) Egg selection: fresh and high-quality fertilized eggs should be selected for artificial incubation. The sign of whether the egg has been fertilized is that the eggshell of the fertilized egg is smooth and not sticky with mud; However, unfertilized eggs vary in size, with fragile or sunken shells and sticky sediments. To check whether the eggs are fresh and high quality, you can observe them in the sun. For example, a rosy egg is a good egg, and a turbid or smelly egg is a bad egg. In addition, don't choose abnormal eggs.

(3) Artificial incubation of turtle eggs: wooden pots, washbasins and incubation trays (70cm×50cm× 15cm shallow wooden boxes) can be used as incubators. First, lay a layer of fine sand about 5 cm on the bottom of the incubator. In order to facilitate embryo development, the "animal pole" of turtle eggs (referring to the larger end of the eggs) is placed upward on fine sand, then the eggs are covered with a layer of fine sand about 3 cm thick, then covered with a wet towel, and finally the incubator is placed in a ventilated place. Temperature and humidity are the key to the success or failure of incubation. Too high or too low temperature and humidity are not conducive to the embryonic development of turtle eggs. During artificial incubation, the temperature should be controlled at 28-320℃, and water should be sprayed 1-2 times a day to maintain proper humidity. At the same time, we should pay attention to prevent natural enemies from harming turtle eggs. In this way, after 50-60 days of incubation, young turtles can be hatched.

(4) Prevention and treatment of common diseases

Generally speaking, turtles have strong adaptability and disease resistance, and are not easy to get sick. In artificial breeding, turtles generally don't get sick as long as they pay attention to cleanliness and hygiene at any time and often change water in the breeding pond. But sometimes the following diseases and enemies appear:

1. Cold

Sick turtles are slow-moving, with bubbling nose and often open mouth, which can be regarded as a cold.

Treatment: Ganmaoling and Analgin can be dissolved in water for soft-shelled turtle, and 0.2 ml gentamicin can be injected into the muscle of soft-shelled turtle's hind leg. Or inject 1 0,000 units of penicillin, and the injection dose of turtles weighing more than 0.5 kg can be increased to 50,000 units each time. Generally, continuous medication and injections can be cured in 3 days.

2. Enteritis

This disease is mostly caused by intestinal bacterial infection caused by water pollution or feed deterioration. Symptoms are that the head of the sick turtle often looks around, and the feces are sticky and bloody, "and it stinks; Loss of appetite and emaciation.

Treatment: change water and feed fresh bait many times a day; Intramuscular injection of chlortetracycline or chloramphenicol, 0.5 ml for each sick turtle, and the injection amount of turtles weighing more than 0.5 kg can be increased to 1 ml for 3 days. Add a small amount of chloramphenicol or furazolidone to the bait for feeding.

3. Mycosis

The disease is mostly caused by mold infection after skin injury of soft-shelled turtle, which is characterized by red, white and necrosis of skin and serious mildew spots.

Prevention and control methods: Be careful in the process of transfer, stocking and fishing to avoid turtle body injury. If the turtle is injured before entering the pool, apply 1% malachite green ointment or sulfanilamide ointment to the affected area. Once the diseased turtle is found, it should be isolated in time and disinfected with 20%-30% lime water in the whole pool; The sick turtle is coated with purple liquid medicine for 7 days, and a small amount of oxytetracycline powder can also be added to the feed for 3 days.

4. Soft disease

This disease is mostly caused by malnutrition and insufficient sunshine, which is characterized by loss of appetite, general weakness, listlessness, slow action and slow growth.

Treatment method: feed a complete feed with good palatability and rich nutrition, and add calcium tablets to the feed; Increase the sunshine time and bask in the sun 2-3 times a day.

5. Enemy injury

The natural enemies of turtles are mainly mice, ants, snakes and some birds. Rats are the most harmful. They will bite or even kill turtles. Ants often crawl and eat cracked turtle eggs, so attention should be paid to prevent these natural enemies from invading people in aquaculture management.

(5) Technology

The medicinal part of the tortoise is mainly the tortoise shell. The processing method of raw tortoise shell, vinegar tortoise shell and tortoise shell glue is the same as that of scarab. Please refer to the section on breeding scarabs.

Interviewee: Jian Weibin-Trainee Magician Level 2 3- 14 1 1:54

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Other answers *** 2

Matters needing attention in raising turtles

Turtles are gentle, not picky eaters, easy to raise, and are deeply loved by pet lovers. To raise a turtle well, you need to pay attention to the following points:

1. When buying, gently pull the turtle's limbs. If it retracts or struggles hard, it means that it is a healthy turtle; Then look at the turtle's anus. If there is fecal pollution, there may be something wrong with the digestive tract. In addition, we should carefully observe whether it is lively, normal and sensitive.

2. Arrange a large incubator. Turtles need large breeding boxes so that they have enough room to move.

3. When the tortoise is bought home, it must be observed in isolation first. Besides adapting to the new environment, we should also pay attention to whether there are signs of disease.

Turtles need a lot of calcium and should be fed with foods high in calcium. You can feed some special feed for soft-shelled turtles with balanced nutrition, occasionally feed some fresh food such as boneless fish and shrimp, and add some vegetables such as lettuce and carrots to supplement the needs of vitamins.

If ultraviolet rays are not irradiated regularly, the shells of young turtles will easily soften. Therefore, it is necessary to bask in the sun properly to enhance physical fitness, but remember to bask in the sun in summer.

6. The water in the breeding box should be changed frequently. Otherwise, due to the high temperature, there are excreta and leftover feed in the water, which will promote the growth of germs, so change the water at least once a week.

Interviewee: Anonymous 3- 14 1 1:46.

Precautions before feeding:

Many people have experience in raising turtles, but more than half of them are either dead or given away or released, which is not good for the environment and turtles. Therefore, I hope everyone will think twice before buying turtles to raise at home. The following are the key points. I hope everyone will think carefully before buying turtles, so as not to harm them and fill the pockets of businessmen.

1. Measure your economic ability (tortoise+equipment+feed+medicine).

2. Ask yourself how much you know about the turtle you want to raise (habits, whether it is to protect animals).

3. Whether there is enough space (calculate the size of the tortoise when it grows to the maximum).

4. Do you have patience and love to raise them?

It's best to find an expert as a consultant.

How to choose:

If you decide to buy one or several Brazilian turtles, the following characteristics will help you buy red or other varieties of colored turtles:

First, carefully observe the turtle you want to buy! Does it show a natural action of escape (as long as it is in the basin, escape is allowed)? When people approached the basin, did it try to dive and escape? Turtles with difficulty in swimming or diving, and those with blocked nostrils or swollen eyes are dying turtles. Don't buy them.

Second, the vast majority of healthy turtle shells are not injured, that is to say, the shell shape is even and normal, and there is no shortage of links. If it feels "soft" to touch the turtle shell, it is rickets. Although this defect can be saved to a limited extent, it carries an asymmetric carapace for life.

Third, please feed the turtle seller some feed. You should pay attention to which one or several of them are the first to eat, which can also judge their health. It is wise to be cautious about turtles that refuse to eat feed, because they are either sick or have not adapted to the new feed.

If you still like your favorite tortoise, you should also consider that these cute little guys will not be little guys forever, and they need more space in the future. If the conditions are better, it will grow quickly. Under your care, the length of the carapace will grow to 25 or 30 kilometers! A pair of adult red turtles need a swimming space of about 100 liters of water, and adult turtles no longer look so bright and green. But in the eyes of people who really love to keep colorful turtles, they will always be lovely. The "weak shell disease" caused by calcium deficiency and vitamin deficiency can press the nails on the back with your fingers, and even cause sunken pits. It is "rickets".

Water quality maintenance:

Although the Brazilian tortoise is the easiest and least picky aquarium animal to raise, it has one disadvantage: it excretes too quickly, and the temperature is high, and the rest of the feed is easy to rot, so the water always stinks. After only two days of changing the water, it became turbid soup, and even the Brazilian tortoise was almost invisible. This is because unicellular algae reproduce, the water is rich in nutrients, the temperature is suitable, and green algae reproduce very quickly.

Several experiments have tried to keep the pool water clear with chemicals, but the effect is not ideal. CHlNOSOL (one gram to thirty liters of water) can keep the water clear and odorless for a week, but the crumbs and rotten feces stirred up by turtles make the water dirtier. Whether the Brazilian tortoise living in this water for a long time is harmful to coliform bacteria is inconclusive, and whether this water containing chemicals will harm the internal organs of animals is uncertain, so it is best not to use chemicals.

The easiest way is to change the water completely. After feeding for four hours, drain, pump out and dump the old dirty water. Then scrub the wall and bottom of the container with a medium hardness brush and clean water. When cleaning, put the Brazilian tortoise in a plastic basin or on the land in Chi Pan-of course, it can't run away. Before putting the turtle back into the water, inject clean water with proper temperature.

Some species of swamp turtles or water turtles can't fully adapt to changing water, but Brazilian turtles will soon get used to this practice and its interference. Completely changing water still has disadvantages. Second, it will induce the colorful turtle to speed up the excretion of feces in the intestine and make the newly changed water dirty again. Therefore, it is best to check the incubator (pool) and remove the feces shortly after changing the water.

The need for light:

Many turtles need to bask in the sun, just like some Brazilian turtles released in the pool. They can often be seen stretching out their limbs and closing their eyes in the hot sun. Sunbathing can kill some bacteria on the turtle shell, prevent the turtle shell from becoming soft and brittle, and keep warm. These functions mainly need ultraviolet rays, and the ultraviolet green in sunlight is very important to turtles. So, when you want turtles to enjoy the warm sunshine, don't just let them stay in the water, try not to be separated from the glass, because ultraviolet green is easily blocked. If you are afraid of drying out because you have forgotten to take it back for too long, you can set up a semi-water place and let them be completely exposed to the sun or soaked in water. It is best to let it bask in the sun for one or two hours every day, and brush the turtle's back regularly with a soft toothbrush to remove parasites.

Feeding of young turtles:

Young Brazilian tortoises can be kept in flat-bottomed containers without any difficulty. Plastic pots, plastic cans or boxes and aquariums are all suitable, and the water should not be too deep. Commercial flat plastic cans with an island and plastic coconut trees in the middle are the least suitable because (1) is too small. (2) The electric heater cannot be installed. (3) Misleading users to regard the island as a foraging place. Because the Brazilian tortoise is completely foraging in the water, the result may be that the island is full of feed, while the Brazilian tortoise is starving.

An ideal nursery must have some specific minimum elements. Each young turtle should have five liters of water, and the water depth should not exceed the length of the turtle, so that the turtle can support its feet when breathing on the water. At the same time, we must also build an island for them with bricks and stones. Floating islands are not suitable, because young turtles often can't climb up and waste energy. On the other hand, we should also pay attention to islands and decorations not to become dangerous obstacles, which will jam the turtle and drown it.

The water temperature that young turtles can adapt to is about 25 degrees Celsius. When it is cold, the air above the container should also be heated. Adding a cover lamp to the breeding box can kill two birds with one stone. If the water temperature is still too low, you can add an electric heating tube to the water-the temperature can be adjusted as much as possible. If you buy an electric heating tube with high heat energy (100 to 150 watts) now, a bigger Brazilian turtle will be enough to cope with a bigger sink. The electric heating pipes sold in aquarium stores should be placed underwater, and it should be noted that the electric heater and power cord will not get stuck on the Brazilian turtle.

For Brazilian turtles, direct exposure to the sun is particularly important. The incubator can be placed on the balcony or windowsill. If this is not possible, young turtles should be exposed to ultraviolet rays once or twice a week for about three to five minutes each time. The ultraviolet lamp should not be too close to the Brazilian tortoise, so as to avoid injury caused by too strong light. It is best to irradiate with sunlight, but be careful not to filter out the required ultraviolet rays from the container glass. Little turtles can be kept on the balcony all summer. In order to prevent birds from taking it away, you can cover the box with a net. It is absolutely necessary to prevent the Brazilian tortoise from climbing out of the feeding box, otherwise you will find the wiring of the mummy electric heater under the bed or in a corner, or even a bridge for the Brazilian tortoise to escape, because the Brazilian tortoise's "climbing" skills are very clever.

It doesn't matter if algae (moss) grows on the culture box, but you can't make the water in the box stink. It is very important to change water regularly, otherwise, due to the high temperature, excrement and leftover feed in the water, young turtles will live in a pool of smelly water, which will promote the growth of germs, so change water at least once a week.

Breeding of adult turtles:

Adult turtles need a much larger incubator so that they have enough room to move. In order to create an ideal environment, a pair of adult Brazilian turtles need at least 100 liter of water.

The size of the breeding box will make Brazilian tortoises fat and dull quickly. If it falls into the water on all fours, it will drown because it can't turn over.

There are also cases where the turtle shell is stunted due to the size of the culture container. Large plastic pots, aquariums or wooden boxes covered with plastic sheets can all be used as turtle tanks. The water tank with drain hole is the most convenient, because it is easy to change water and it is often cleaned. If the cement tank is new, for the sake of caution, it can be coated with safety paint or thoroughly cleaned for many times to prevent harmful substances from seeping out of the cement and entering the animal body after dissolving in water. There must be a fixed (non-floating) "island" in the sink, or it can be hung, so it is easy for turtles to climb it. You can use wooden boards or plastic boards, and you can also use bread artificial turf or brown mats. Or put stones or sand in a plastic basin and hang them in the trough as "ground".

Part of the land or island in the trough can be filled with soil, peat or sand, and this part will be heated up every few days. The eggs laid by female turtles in this land have the best chance to hatch, and it is best to illuminate this land with light (when it is cold). It is best not to use sand or stones to assist in the bottom of the tank, because it will increase the difficulty of changing water and cleaning. In addition to changing water frequently (changing water every day if necessary), adding filtration equipment can remove suspended solids from water. Because the dissolved substances in water have a great influence on the health of soft-shelled turtle, filtering equipment can not completely replace changing water.

In order to make the water temperature in the culture tank reach the temperature that the Brazilian turtle likes, it is necessary to use the electric heating tube used in the aquarium and prevent the equipment and lines from blocking the Brazilian turtle. An electric blanket can also be placed at the bottom outside the breeding box, and the electric blanket is padded with synthetic resin rubber as insulation material. However, the water temperature should not be higher than the outdoor temperature (about 25 to 30 degrees Celsius), so as to avoid the Brazilian tortoise catching cold. On land, colorful turtles also need warm places, because they are warm animals, and they need sunlight to reach proper body temperature. If there is not enough sunshine on the balcony or in the open air, the land part should be heated by lampblack machine lamps. Colored turtles raised indoors or in places with insufficient sunshine lack ultraviolet rays, so they should be irradiated with ultraviolet lamps two or three times a week for five minutes each time. The lamp tube is preferably installed on the cover of the culture tank.