Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Hotel accommodation - Introduction to Qufu, Shandong Province
Introduction to Qufu, Shandong Province
Qufu is the residential center of ancient Dongyi tribes, the main area of Dawenkou culture and Longshan culture, and also the state of rites and music in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Confucius was born in Nishan, grew up in Queli, stood in Xingtan, served in Ludu, was buried in Si, and stayed in Qufu.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Lu culture was developed and talented people came forth in large numbers, and its capital was located in Qufu. Qufu was a state of rites and music in the East in the Zhou Dynasty, which provided a rich foundation for the emergence of Confucianism. Confucius, who grew up under the guidance of this unique environment, was diligent, thoughtful, tireless, rigorous in his studies and strict with himself. After traveling around the world 14 years, he devoted himself to research, gathered his disciples to give lectures, published poems and books, ordered rituals and music, and revised Chunqiu. He comprehensively sorted out the ancient documents of China, and trained 3,000 disciples to master six arts (ritual, music, shooting, imperial command, calligraphy and number).
The core of Confucius thought is "benevolence", that is, "love". He regards "benevolence" as the norm and purpose of benevolence, so that "benevolence" and "courtesy" can be used mutually. It is advocated that the rulers should treat the people with "the virtue of Tao and the courtesy of Qi" in order to reproduce the prosperous time of "rites and music conquered from the son of heaven" in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The main words and deeds of Confucius' life were compiled by his disciples and his disciples into The Analects of Confucius, which became the classics of later Confucianism.
As the hometown of Confucius, Qufu is famous for its long history, developed culture, rich cultural relics and magnificent ancient buildings. There are more than 300 cultural relics protection units and 2 key cultural relics protection units11. Among them, "Three Holes" (Confucius House, Confucius Temple and Confucius Forest) are the most famous, and 1994 was listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO.
In recent years, the urban construction of Qufu has basically formed a cross-petal-shaped urban construction pattern with Ming city as the center, eastern industry and western language, and southern, new and northern forests. The old city wall has been restored, maintaining the traditional style and harmonious environment, and the new city is developing towards the southern new district and the railway station. All the streets and alleys in the city have been built with asphalt or cement pavements, and the main streets have been planted with street trees dominated by Sophora japonica, and hedges and green spaces have been built beside the roads. Yi river Park, the urban section of National Highway 327 and the exit of Beijing-Fuzhou Expressway have all been afforested and beautified. The urban area reaches 13 square kilometers, the green coverage rate is 33.8%, and the cleaning rate of main streets is 100%. The old city has become a new tourist city with wide roads, numerous buildings, beautiful environment and complete service facilities. Location Traffic Qufu is located in the regional center of China economy, radiating the front and hinterland of the largest domestic market.
Qufu is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, at the intersection of the Beijing-Shanghai Economic Belt and the New Eurasian Continental Bridge, and its comprehensive strength ranks among the top 30 in Shandong Province.
Qufu is located in Jining Center, one of the three regional economic centers in Shandong Province.
Qufu is the core of Jining Metropolitan Area, one of the three metropolitan areas planned and constructed in Shandong Province.
Qufu is the most advantageous area in southwest Shandong, and it is an important channel connecting East China and North China, and coastal and inland areas.
The surrounding area of Qufu has the widest market in China. The radius of 500 kilometers in Qufu includes the Beijing-Tianjin Bohai Economic Circle, Shandong Peninsula Economic Zone, Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone and other regions with the most economic potential in China.
Shandong, where Qufu is located, and the surrounding provinces such as Jiangsu, Henan and Anhui are both economically strong and populous provinces in East China.
Qufu has the dual advantages of inland and coastal cities, and the construction of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway will bring unprecedented opportunities to Qufu.
Highway: China North-South Arteries 104 National Highway, Jingfu expressway, East-West Arteries 327 National Highway, Rihe (Rizhao-Heze) expressway cross in Qufu and form a network.
Railway: Beijing-Shanghai (Beijing-Shanghai) Railway, the economic artery of China, passes through Qufu; Yanshi (Yanzhou-Rizhao) Railway passes through Qufu, connects with Longhai Line to the west, and goes straight to western China, Central Asia, West Asia and Europe.
High-speed Railway: China's first high-speed railway, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, runs through the territory and has a central station. Construction is expected to start in 2008. After the high-speed rail is completed and opened to traffic, it takes 2 hours to get to Beijing from Qufu and 2.5 hours to get to Shanghai.
Aviation: Qufu to Jinan Yao Qiang International Airport 1.5 hours, Jining Airport under construction 1 hour, Xuzhou Guanyin Airport 1.5 hours.
Port: Qufu is 240 kilometers away from Rizhao Port, 420 kilometers away from Qingdao Port and 40 kilometers away from Jining Port, an important river port of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. Geographical location Qufu is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, in the center of Beijing to Shanghai, 35km away from the provincial capital Jinan/KLOC-0 in the north and 45km away from Jining in the southwest. Mount Tai is in the north, Guangzhou in the south, Surabaya in the east and Yanzhou in the west. The maximum longitudinal distance from north to south is 35.8 kilometers, and the maximum lateral distance from east to west is 25 kilometers, with a total area of 895.93 square kilometers. There are more than 0/00 hills in/kloc-across the east, west, north and south borders. Dozens of mounds of different sizes are scattered in the mountains, and the central and western regions are fertile fields. The ratio of hills to plains is 3:7, which constitutes the basic terrain with high northeast and low southwest. The highest point is Phoenix Mountain in the north, with an altitude of 548. 1 m, and the lowest point is Chengzhuang in the southwest, with an altitude of 47 meters, and the downtown area is 60.5 meters above sea level.
The groundwater in the territory belongs to the Nansihu River system in Huaihe River Basin. * * * Large and small rivers 14, mainly Sihe, Yihe, Liaohe and Ganhe. Two major rivers, Si and Yi, cross the whole territory from east to west. The total length of the river is 245.9 kilometers, with an average annual runoff of180.44 million cubic meters, an average annual runoff depth of 20 1.4 mm, and an average annual available water resource of 230.87 million cubic meters. There are 270 reservoir dams in the city, with a total storage capacity of155160,000 cubic meters. There are 62 reservoirs, including nishan reservoir, Hejiadian, Liyuan, Huerdong, Baita, wucun and Weijiazhuang reservoirs. Climate characteristics Qufu belongs to the continental climate of warm temperate monsoon, with distinct seasons and abundant precipitation. It is characterized by spring drought, summer rain and autumn drought, and dry and cold winter with little snow. The annual average solar radiation heat in China is 65,438 0.20 kcal/km2, the annual average sunshine hours are 2,433 hours, the annual average temperature is 65,438 0.3℃, the annual rainfall is 666.3mm, the frost-free period is 65,438 0.99 days, and the annual average wind speed is 2.4m/s. There are many biological resources in the biological resources city. There are 0/5 kinds of grain crops115, mainly including wheat, corn, sorghum, millet, mung bean, sweet potato, soybean and rice. Cash crops mainly include cotton, peanuts, sesame and so on. There are more than 40 kinds of vegetables and fruits. Flowers 135 species, among which orchids are "city flowers". 120 kinds of medicinal materials. There are 40 species and varieties of trees, shrubs and flowers/kloc-0. There are 29 kinds of economic trees, such as apple, peach, apricot, pear and hawthorn. There are 49 kinds of ornamental trees such as juniper, cypress, ginkgo, cedar and clove, among which juniper is the "city tree". 26 species of aquatic plants. Livestock and poultry mainly include cattle, horses, donkeys, mules, pigs, sheep, chickens, ducks, geese and rabbits. There are 29 kinds of birds, among which egrets are "city birds". There are more than 0/0 species of wild mammals and more than 30 species of insects. Aquatic animals mainly include fish, shrimp and shellfish. Mineral Resources The main minerals in China are coal, limestone, refractory clay, phosphorus, mixed granite, granite, phosphate rock, refractory clay, geothermal mineral water and river sand. The proven coal reserves are about 654.38 billion tons, and the limestone reserves are about 654.38 billion tons. Historical evolution In 249 BC, Lu County was established when Chu destroyed Lu, and it was named Qufu in early 596. The word "Qufu" first appeared in the Book of Rites: "When a king becomes a king, he respects the Duke of Zhou in the world, so he respects the Duke of Zhou in Qufu." "Erya" explains: "The mainland is rich." Ying Shao in the Eastern Han Dynasty explained: "Qufu is in Lucheng, seven or eight miles long." This is the origin of the name Qufu.
Qufu, a famous historical and cultural city in China, is the birthplace of ancient emperors, the ancient capital of Yin and Shang Dynasties, and the capital of Zhou and Han Dynasties. It is also the hometown of Confucius, a famous thinker, politician, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. She is famous at home and abroad for her long history and splendid ancient oriental culture. In China's long feudal society, it has always been a holy city in people's minds, and has been praised by westerners as "Jerusalem of the East".
As early as ancient times, human ancestors lived and worked in Qufu area, which opened the early material civilization. During the excavation of cultural relics from 4300 BC to 2400 BC, a large number of relics of Dawenkou Culture and Longshan Culture were found. According to ancient books, four or five thousand years ago, this was the "big family market" where Yan Di Shennong's camp was located. "Du Yu Zhu" said: "Ji Chuanjia, the ancient name of the country, is in Lucheng, and Lu regards it as the treasury." ..... "Emperor Century" records: "Shennong's surname is also Jiang, ... there is a virtue, fire is king, so it is called Yan Di. Chu Chen (now Huaiyang) moved back to Shandong. "
Around 2 1 century BC, Qufu belonged to Xuzhou, one of the nine continents in the ancient Yao and Shun era. In Shang Dynasty after BC16th century, Qufu was the capital of Shang Dynasty. BC 1066, the Western Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, and sealed his brother and kingdom to serve in Qufu, where he died and founded the country as Lu.
Lu is the golden age in Qufu history, and it is the most developed city in China except Haojiang, the capital of Zhou Dynasty. Especially in the late Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius, a famous thinker and educator, gathered in Lu to give lectures, and Lu became the national education center. Lu culture is highly developed, so people still use "Lu" as the abbreviation of Shandong Province.
In 223 BC, Qin destroyed Chu and entered Qin. In the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (22 1 year BC), China was unified and a county system was implemented. Xue Lu County originally belonged to Qufu and later to Xuzhou.
In the third year of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty (BC 154), Liu Qi, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, changed the king of Huainan to the king of Lu and made Lu County his capital. King Lu built a large-scale, magnificent and luxurious building complex on the abandoned site of Zhou Lu Palace north of Panshui in Lunan Palace. In order to expand the area of the palace, when he demolished Confucius' former residence in Queli, he found the ancient classic bamboo slips collected by Confucius, such as Shangshu, Analects of Confucius, Book of Songs and Yili, which enabled Confucius' thoughts to spread and spread.
In the fourth year of Emperor Wendi (584), Lu County was changed to "Christophe Wen", and it was changed to Lu County after the demise of Lu State. By the end of, Qufu took "Lu" as the county name, which lasted for 833 years. In the sixteenth year of Emperor Yangdi, the county names Qufu and Qufu have been used as geographical terms for thousands of years.
During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, although Qufu was no longer the administrative center of southern Shandong, it was still valued as the hometown of Confucius, a "sage". Through the rule of Zhenguan and the prosperity of Kaiyuan, Qufu's culture and economy have also developed unprecedentedly. In the late Tang Dynasty, only the Confucius family produced six top scholars and fourteen scholars.
Song County is the third ancient city in Qufu history after Zhou and Han Lucheng. Due to the worship of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, ministers and scholars worshiped Shao Hao, Duke Zhou and Confucius in an endless stream, and the cultural atmosphere was very mellow. During this period, the Confucius Temple was named Dacheng Hall, and a stone instrument was built in front of Confucius' tomb. Overhaul Shao Hao's tomb, and set up a "ten thousand people worry" stone tablet. In the second year of Song Gaozong's proposal (1 129), the Jin army invaded, which reduced the buildings, temples, temples and a large number of precious books in Yuan Xian County built in Qufu in the Northern Song Dynasty to ashes. Yuan Xian County was ruled by Jin people, and the old name of Qufu County was restored.
Qufu has experienced four major changes in history. The last time was in the middle of Ming Dynasty. In the sixth year of Zheng De (157 1), the peasant uprising army led by Liu Liu and Liu Qi, Hebei Province, "destroyed hundreds of houses in Qufu, burned down temples and ruled the county as a city". Zhu Houzun, the founder of Ming Dynasty, ordered the Governor of Shandong to rebuild a new county centered on Confucius Temple in the southwest corner of the old city of Shandong, the existing old city of Ming Dynasty.
The local organizational system in Qufu in Qing Dynasty was similar to that in Ming Dynasty. The emperors of Qing Dynasty made more than 10 pilgrimage to Qufu, and the literati and poets came to Qufu, leaving a hard-to-win cultural heritage.
After the founding of New China, Qufu ushered in a new era. 1953, Qufu was changed to Jining Department, and 1958 merged with Ziyang, still named Qufu County. 1962, Qu and Zi divided and ruled, and the original organizational system was restored. 1983, Jining institution was changed to the provincial capital city, Qufu. 1June, 986, with the approval of the State Council, the county system was abolished and changed to a county-level city under the provincial jurisdiction, formerly known as Qufu City, which was under the jurisdiction of Jining City. Laba porridge all activities revolve around Laba porridge: cooking porridge and drinking porridge. There are many people who cook porridge, and the fire-burners in the "households" come to make a fire and set up a big pot. The porridge cooked is divided into many tanks. There are two kinds of Laba porridge: one is thick, for the police to eat, and the porridge is enlarged with rice, sliced meat, cabbage and tofu. When drinking porridge, one person gives back a catty of steamed bread; A porridge is prepared from Coicis Semen, Longan, Lotus Seed, Lily, Chestnut, Fructus Jujubae, cowpea, glutinous rice, etc. And put the "porridge fruit" carved from hawthorn on the porridge surface. This kind of porridge is for family and the world. There are thousands of deities and buddhas in the Buddha building, and a bowl of porridge is provided in front of each Buddha. All the incense houses outside Confucius House sent nuns to ask for porridge and "rice in the pot" on Laba Day.
Steaming Village "Steaming Village" is the most lively scene in Confucius' busy year activities, that is, steaming all kinds of steamed buns, buns and cakes for the New Year. At this time, "fire-burning households" steamed all kinds of steamed buns with fire.
On New Year's Eve, jiaozi was kept overnight. Lights are lit everywhere, sandalwood powder is burned, carpets are laid, and colored sheds and ribbons are set up in the yard. In the afternoon, go to the hall to salute, and after dinner, go to the ancestral temple to resign. Adults give their children "lucky money" and put it in a red paper bag. The pillow says "Long life". Everyone prepares a cloisonne box with oranges made of Ruyi, little persimmon and sticky rice noodles. On New Year's Eve, the Duke of Feast will personally go to Anhuai Hall (also known as the "Nine Suites") to confess and worship the white-bearded old fairy. It is said that all the elves and ghosts in Confucius' house belong to this white-bearded old fairy.
After midnight on New Year's Day, all people got up to worship God. In the courtyard of the front building, a "tower of heaven and earth" is set up with mats, and a table is placed in all directions, east, west, south, north, northeast, southeast, southwest and northwest. The tablet of God is placed on the table, and the tablet of God of heaven and earth is placed in the middle of the table. Next to the "Tower of Heaven and Earth", a "sky pole" stands and a "sky lantern" is lit day and night. Wake up on New Year's Day morning, don't talk first, touch the things in the box and the lucky money with your hands. After getting up, we pay homage to temples and ancestral halls and receive New Year greetings from servants. Our family came to Confucius' house to pay a New Year call. In the afternoon, the local "Dragon Lantern Festival" lion dance performance was held in Confucius, and the servants of Confucius and "fireworks households" set off fireworks.
Dragon Boat Festival Dragon Boat Festival Wipe the child's forehead with realgar wine. When the duke was giving wine, he wrote a word "Wang" on his forehead, which represented his childhood and was only given horizontally to girls.
On July 7, in the courtyard of Qiantang Building, there were several layers of tables piled on the table. At the top, there is a censer for appropriate fruits and appropriate fruits to be buckled out with molds, and there are various heptagons that are fried.
According to the legend of the Big Dipper, Confucius is a superstar in the sky. There are seven buildings in Confucius House in the shape of the Big Dipper, which are called "Seven Stars of Ming Dynasty", indicating that Confucius House is connected with the Big Dipper in the sky. Every year, on the fourth day of the eighth lunar month, the Duke of Feast makes a sacrifice to the Big Dipper, named "Receiving the Big Dipper", to show Confucius' constant contact with heaven and ensure that Confucius "grows old in the same day". The ceremony of "receiving Beidou" was very mysterious, and only the Duke of Feast attended with a "connector". On the wall of the front building of the inner room, there is a glass cover with a small watch and a thread ball inside. On the evening of the fourth day of August, when "picking up Beidou", the feast duke and the "receiver" quietly took out this thread, went to the Buddhist temple building, placed five bowls of offerings, lit a incense, put seven oil lamps in the shape of Beidou, named "seven-star lamp", and after the feast duke offered it, he kowtowed first, then kowtowed, and then took out the thread. The thread was a lot of different colors. The "connector" connects several wires in turn, even if Confucius and the Beidou in the sky are connected. Economic overview Qufu's industrial economy is running well, and the incremental pull is constantly increasing. In 2003, industrial enterprises above designated size in the city achieved sales income of 2.589 billion yuan, profits and taxes of 352 million yuan and profits of 654.38+39 million yuan. A number of projects, such as cement clinker of rotary kiln with a daily output of 2,500 tons, new brake pads and variable frequency speed regulators, have been completed and put into operation, becoming new economic growth points. A number of projects, such as biochip, Xingcun Coal Mine and 50,000 yarn spinning and weaving capacity expansion, are progressing smoothly. A number of enterprises such as Jinxiu Textile, Golden Piston, Tian Bo Auto Parts and Huaneng Electric have developed rapidly and become an important force to promote industrial economic growth. The private economy has grown rapidly, and the number of large enterprises has increased significantly.
Adhere to both quantitative expansion and qualitative improvement, and the scale and grade of private economy have been improved. In 2003, the operating income was 6.807 billion yuan, the warehousing tax was 23 1 billion yuan, and the number of private economic households reached14,702, with 75,276 employees. Lu Kang Paper Mill, Wang Sheng Group, Tianmu Group, Yuanda Engineering and other key enterprises have a good development momentum, and a number of enterprises such as starch sugar and casting materials have developed and expanded.
The investment attraction has achieved remarkable results, and the economic highlights of the park have been highlighted. In 2003, * * * signed investment projects 192, of which 10 was over 100 million yuan, with contracted investment of 8.3 billion yuan and actually paid-in funds165438+300 million yuan. The export-oriented economy achieved a new breakthrough. The city's export earned 20.3 million US dollars, and the contracted foreign capital and actually utilized foreign capital reached 40.48 million US dollars. Jining Customs Qufu office and supervision station were put into operation, and the opening to the outside world was further strengthened. According to the idea of two-wing expansion and overall promotion, the planning of Qufu Industrial Park started, and the construction of economic development zone was accelerated, which opened the framework of rapid industrialization and urbanization in Qufu. The scale of the first phase of the development zone has been fully implemented, and the second phase planning has been started. The total tax revenue of technology, industry, trade, profits and taxes in storage reached 654.38+0.53 billion yuan. The administrative division Qufu is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, which is 35km away from the provincial capital Jinan/KLOC-0 in the north and 45km away from Jining in the southwest. There is Taidai in the north, Surabaya in the south and Yanzhou in the east.
Geographical coordinates are11651'-165438+0713' 35 29'-35 49' north latitude.
Qufu city
0537
37088 1
273 100
Municipal People's Government in Lucheng Street
Qufu has jurisdiction over/kloc-0 economic development zones, including 2 streets, 5 towns and 4 townships: Qufu Economic Development Zone (Shizhuang Town), Lucheng Street, Shuyuan Street, Wucun Town, Yaocun Town, Lingcheng Town, Xiaoxue Town, Nanxin Town, Shizhuang Town, Wangzhuang Township, Dongzhuang Township, Xiqiao Township and Fangshan Township. ***4 1 neighborhood committee, 355 village committees and 483 natural villages. There are 1 12 key cultural relics protection units in Qufu, including 4 national key cultural relics protection units and 2 provincial 12. Confucius Temple, known as the treasure house of calligraphy art in China, and Confucius House, the largest family cemetery in the world, are listed in the world historical and cultural heritage. In addition, there are Shouqiu, the birthplace of the Yellow Emperor, Shao Hao's Tomb, the Chinese Pyramid, Houshengyan Temple, Zhougong Temple in Sheng Yuan, Nishan Ancient Architecture Complex, han group in Jiulong Mountain, etc. It is also famous. The newly-built Confucius Six Arts City, the Analects of Confucius Monument and the Confucius Boutique Garden have also become the envy and yearning tourist attractions of the world. When you travel to Qufu, the special imprint of the ancient city that can be put into your backpack is the three treasures of Qufu: stele, Kai Diao and Nishan inkstone.
The International Confucius Culture Festival in Qufu, China is the main tourism activity held in Qufu every year from September 26th to June 5438+00. Traffic conditions of urban construction Qufu is located in the traffic hub, with criss-crossing railways and developed four highways. Beijing-shanghai railway is northwest, Yanshi Railway spans the southeast, and Yannan Railway surrounds the hinterland. National Highway 104 and Beijing-Fuzhou Expressway run through the north and south, while National Highway 327 and Ridong Expressway run through the east and west. The city and the countryside are connected by roads, with a total mileage of 900 kilometers.
Communication mode: There are 14 post offices and sub-offices in the city. The installed capacity of program-controlled telephones has reached 25,000, and the mobile communication service has been opened. Entered the domestic and international communication network. All the towns and villages in the whole city 13 have opened program-controlled telephones, which has achieved the goal of reaching every village. The post and telecommunications system has fully realized telephone program control, digital transmission, rural branch office and computerized business processing.
Municipal construction planning urban area 160 square kilometers, urban area 20 kilometers, urban population150,000. The urban layout has formed a cross petal shape with the Ming ancient city as the center, the eastern foot (the ruins of Lu ancient city), the western language (Qufu Normal University), the southern new city (New City) and the northern forest (). Urban trunk roads are composed of six horizontal and five vertical roads and outer ring roads. Water supply capacity of 65,000 cubic meters/day; There is a pipeline gas plant with a gas supply capacity of 80,000 cubic meters per day, and the urban gasification rate reaches 80%; A sewage treatment plant with a daily sewage treatment capacity of 40,000 tons is being stepped up; The urban thermal power plant project has entered the implementation stage.
Power supply Qufu power supply has become a reasonable layout, economical operation, safe and reliable power grid structure composed of four voltage levels: 220kV, 10kV, 35kV and 10kV. There are 4 220kV substations, 2110kV substations and 5/35kV substations.
Development Goals In the next few years, Qufu will focus on building an economically strong city with the characteristics of "the Holy City of the East", with tourism as the leading factor, structural adjustment as the main line, and deepening reform and scientific and technological progress as the driving force, and build a framework of a modern historical and cultural city, a world Confucianism research center and an eco-tourism city.
Qufu, a cultural industry, has become a national cultural industry demonstration park.
The new project has a new bus station in Qufu, which was put into use at the end of 2009. Qufu fragrant rice, almonds and mineral water, which are rich in Qufu, a famous product in Confucius Commodity Exchange City, are known as the "three treasures of Qufu". Kongfu wine, Kaidiaoruyi, all-wool carpet, faucet handwork and Nishan stone inkstone are known as "Shandong Five Musts".
Confucius Banquet is a high-level banquet specially prepared by Confucius for receiving distinguished guests, attacking nobles, offering sacrifices to heaven, birthdays, weddings and funerals. It is a unique family banquet gradually formed after hundreds of years of continuous development and enrichment. Confucius banquet is gradually formed by absorbing cooking skills from all over the country. For hundreds of years, the Confucius Banquet has been continuously renovated and spread to this day.
Confucius pastry, like Confucius banquet, is a unique pastry with a long history and passed down from generation to generation. Especially in the Ming and Qing dynasties, Confucius cakes are much better than famous products sold in the market. Confucius pastry pays attention to eating and baking, and strives for color, fragrance, taste and shape.
Kaidiao is a unique craft product in Qufu, which has a history of thousands of years. The raw material of regular script carving is regular script tree. According to legend, the two sculptures of Confucius and his wife Guan Guan's family, which were collected in the Confucius House, were carved from Mu Kai when Zigong was guarding Confucius' mausoleum. The traditional products of Qufu Kaidiao are crutches and wishful thinking. Mukaimu is solid and flexible, straight but not horizontal, carved into a stick shape and will not suddenly break; Fold the branches into sticks and bend naturally, which looks like dragons and snakes, simple and lovely. The lettering has fine wood grain and golden color, and the carving technique is satisfactory and exquisite. It won an award at the Panama Expo.
The tablet is made of paper and ink in the tablet. Qufu is one of the main producing areas of steles in China. Because there are abundant steles here, there are more than 5,000 steles in the past dynasties since the Western Han Dynasty, which is one of the most concentrated places in China. There are many rubbings and techniques in Qufu, mainly rubbings. The rubbings are fine and exquisite, and are deeply loved by people.
Nishan inkstone is named after its stone is taken from Nishan. The Qufu County Records, which was revised during the reign of Qing Qianlong, said: "The stone of Nishan is fine in arts and sciences, hard in quality and yellow in color, and can be used as an inkstone." It can be seen that the stone of Nishan has a long history of making inkstone. Nishan inkstone is famous for its simplicity and generosity. On the one hand, the inkstone skillfully uses nature, embellishes it a little, and is full of interest; And the ink is like a file, the pen is like oil, and it won't hurt. The leader of Nishan inkstone is Songhua inkstone, which is brown and yellow in color and covered with blue-black pine wood grain. Its inkstone adopts the natural shape of stone, opens the ink Chi Mo Hall, and carves the pine pattern into relief on the forehead, which is elegant and lovely.
Qufu fragrant rice is white with a little green head. This kind of rice is sticky, fine, oily, tough, fragrant and mellow. It has the reputation of "one cook, ten miles fragrance" and is famous for paying tribute to the emperor. The urban construction of city appearance has basically formed a cross-petal urban construction pattern centered on the old city of Ming Dynasty and characterized by oriental engineering, western culture, southern new culture and northern forest. The old city maintains the traditional style and harmonious environment, and the new city develops towards the southern new district and the railway station.
All the streets and alleys in the city have been built with asphalt or cement pavements, and the main streets have been planted with street trees dominated by Sophora japonica, and hedges and green spaces have been built beside the roads. The eight bridge heads of the moat are mainly afforested and beautified. The urban area is 9.2 square kilometers, the green coverage rate is 36.6%, the cleaning rate of main streets is 100%, the length of urban roads is 97.2 kilometers, and the road area is1140,000 square meters.
The old city has become a tourist city with wide roads, numerous buildings, beautiful environment and complete service facilities.
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