Development history of Xiamen

There is an ancient and beautiful legend in Xiamen: a long time ago, nothing grew here.

Born and barren, a group of egrets flew here to the south and stopped at the shore to rest.

The leading egret found that the water was full of fish and shrimp, and there was plenty of food, and

There is neither the threat of poisonous snakes and beasts, nor the harassment of hunters' bows and arrows, so it

Drum on the island, led the group of egrets to settle down. Egrets followed.

Set about decorating your home. Some egrets dug with their mouths and claws and spent nine.

With the help of cattle and tigers, many springs have been dug, and the water from the clear spring has flowed down;

Other egrets brought all kinds of flowers and grasses from the mainland and spread them on the island.

In fact, the island will be full of flowers and green grass. The mountains are beautiful and the water is beautiful.

Many birds come to nest; Bees and butterflies came to collect pollen, and suddenly the island changed.

This is very vivid and colorful.

This scene makes the snake king who is entrenched under the East China Sea extremely jealous. He wants to bully people.

Occupy this beautiful island built by egrets, and then lead the snake demon to make waves, instantly.

Sand and stones are flying on the island, and the sky is dark.

In order to defend their homeland, the egret fought to the death with the snake demon. lead to

The heron in the head gave the snake king a hard blow and drove away the snake demon, but he was also seriously injured.

Lying in a pool of blood. Later, in the land where the great heron spilled blood,

Grow a tall and straight tree, its leaves open like a big heron; that

The flowers on the tree are as red as the blood of a big heron. This kind of tree, people call it

Phoenix wood; This kind of flower is called phoenix flower.

After driving away the snake demon, the egrets played peacefully in the Woods, in the sea and on the beach.

Between the beaches, become the master of this beautiful island. Xiamen Island was first called "Ludao".

It comes from this legend. This story, which originated from folk, aroused people's interest.

Love for Xiamen and nostalgia for the deeds of building and defending Xiamen.

Xiamen was called Ludao in ancient times, and its real origin was actually the first time people boarded it.

On the island, I saw flocks of egrets floating on the water for many years, so I gave them the title of "Egret"

Island. "Egret is an egret related to birds, also known as Egret, with a long mouth, long feet and long neck.

The whole body feathers are pure white, and the long white crown hair hangs behind the head, as long as silk; hardworking

With loose white sideburns and tail wings, it is chic and lovely. Benji

Before the 1920s, there were egrets everywhere in the Woods of Shan Ye, Xiamen, accounting for 35% to 25%.

Groups, flying in the fields and the sea. Later, due to urban construction and ecological changes, white

Herons are slowly decreasing and are on the verge of extinction. After comprehensive environmental management in recent years, egrets

Back to the island. Because the egret is a symbol of Xiamen, many places in Xiamen

The name contains the word "heron", and many signboards and shop names like to be named after the word "heron".

Even the names of Xiamen people often carry the word "heron". Today, egrets have become

The city bird of Xiamen.

When will there be humans on the island? 193 1 year, Xiamen

Professor Lin of Xiamen University found a rectangular thin-edged stone hairpin in Honeycomb Mountain of Xiamen Port.

In the third year, he found a second similar Shi Mao in Xiamen Gangdong Society. These two

The stone hairpin was a tool for human beings to collect food and hunt in the Neolithic Age. 1952

In 2006, Lin discovered three works with "V" and moire on the surface.

Fingerprints can also be seen on the ear handle of one of the printed pottery.

This is handmade pottery. 1953 ~ 1955, found elsewhere.

Many pieces of stone tools and pottery. 1980165438+10 month, found at the seaside of Yu Xiang, Huli District.

A stone arrow, 6? 2 cm, finely ground, identified as.

The remains of the late Neolithic age have been around for more than 2000 years. At that time, people

Go hunting. These objects prove that about two or three thousand years ago, Xiamen Island

And its surroundings are the long-term activities of the ancestors of the southern nationalities in China-the people of Fujian and Vietnam.

Location.

The people of Fujian and Vietnam are different in physique and customs from the Han nationality, and their bodies are also different.

Short, short face, less hair, wide nose, round eyes, double eyelids,

And "broken hair" Accustomed to water life, good at sea fighting. An ancient people living in what is now Fujian Province.

The Vietnamese people made their first contribution to the development of Xiamen with hard-working hands.

However, the history of Xiamen, which can be consulted in literature, began in the Tang Dynasty.

A couplet in Nanputuo reflects this fact.

Dating back to the Tang Dynasty, it is as ancient as Kaiyuan;

Puguang was brought to Xiamen Island, adding luster to Wu Tai.

This shows that Nanputuo Temple, like Quanzhou Yuanmingyuan, was established in the Tang Dynasty.

According to historical records, two famous people came to Xiamen with their families in the Tang Dynasty.

And vigorously develop and build. Xue Juhong lives in the northwest of Shanxi and Chen Junan.

At the foot of Jinbang Mountain, it is sometimes called "Xue is in Chen Bei". Refers to Xue Lingzhi, the word North Xue.

Zhenjun used to live in Changxi, Fujian, which is now Fuan. He is from the Tang Dynasty.

In the second year of Shenlong (AD 706), he was the first to win the first prize with poetry.

Shape people. During the Kaiyuan period, Xue Lingzhi moved to the right to fill the vacancy, became a prince, and congratulated him.

Zhang Zhi taught the Prince of the East Palace to study together and become the master of Prince Hengli. Ling Xue

Complaining about the low pay, I wrote on the wall one day:

Xu Chao went to the group to see Mr. Pan;

Everything on the plate, alfalfa is dry.

Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was very unhappy after seeing this poem. He wrote a poem on the wall with a pen:

The pecking distance is long and the phoenix feather is short;

If you feel too soft and cold, you can banish Sang Yu.

When one of Xue Ling saw it, he knew that he had offended the emperor and said, "My companions are like tigers.

Maybe one day, you make a fuss and blame it, and you will die. So he

On the pretext of illness, he resigned from his official position and returned to Fujian with his nephew Xue.

And moved from Changxi to Green Island (Xiamen Island) and lived a leisurely life. his

Descendants multiply here in large numbers and become the most popular. The Xue family lives in the following places.

This mountain is called "Ling Xue" and its coastal area is called "Xuepu". Xue lingzhi

Buried on Lower Zhang Cun Island after death.

"Chen Nan" is similar to Tang Kaiyuan, who lived and multiplied in Xiamen Island.

According to historical records, Chen Yi, a native of Wannian County, Jingzhao, Tang Dynasty, was offended when he was a teacher.

Li traitor was banished to Fujian in the 24th year of Kaiyuan. male

Some descendants moved to Xiamen Island. Three Chen Bodies of Tang Dynasty Preserved in Xiamen Island

The ancient tomb is proof. In Wushipu, there is an ancient tomb engraved with the word "Tang"

Write the tomb of Chen Lang. "Chen Zhuo is the grandson of Chen Yi. A big banyan tree in Heshan town

There are two stone tablets under the tree, engraved with the words "Chen Gong was born to a scholar in the Tang Dynasty".

Zhu Gongshou, this tomb is Chen's great-grandson. Xilin

There is also a tomb of the Tang Dynasty in Guanyin Mountain. The tablet is engraved with "Mr. Chen in the Tang Dynasty", which is

Chen An's grave. Chen An was the name of a person who lived in Xiamen Island from Huichang to Chengtong in Tang Dynasty.

A scholar, who is famous for learning Confucianism and Chang Hui, is Chen's great-grandson. 10 can write poetry, 13 can write poetry.

He took a poem to see Qingyuan (Quanzhou) animal husbandry. Qingyuan Mu saw his face distorted, so

Clean up his "talent and beauty" and ask him to write a poem on it, Chen

Dark not the kui brilliant, answer into a poem:

The hawksbill should be harder than the spotted rhinoceros;

The sky is not full, and the face is full of flowers.

Although Chen An is young and rich and influential in southern Fujian, he has repeatedly

Everyone came last in the exam, so he called himself a "foreigner diligent", which means he entered the examination room many times.

What came out was the old man. Later, I lived in seclusion in Jinbang Mountain, studied and fished, and bought it.

Fame and fortune, high spirits. Jinbangshan is also nicknamed "Chang Laoshan" because of him;

The place where he fishes is called "Golden List Fishing for Stones". Chen An's works include Pen Zheng Shu,

During his tenure in Tongan, Song Shizhu wrote poems and paid tribute to him.

Chen Chang Laozi reading room, in the stone room in front of Jinbang Mountain;

People go to stone and stay yesterday, and birds sing and flowers fall in the spring breeze.

Sentence.

These celebrities led their families to settle in Xiamen Island and became the predecessor of Xiamen.

Residents, they cut through thorns, work hard and learn while ploughing.

According to previous local chronicles, the Song Dynasty was peaceful and prosperous about 1000 years ago.

During the period of China, there were "several spikes per stem" rice varieties in Heshan area.

Scientists are very surprised, so Kashima is also called "Golden Harvest Island"-five grains.

Fonden i. However, 1974 the epitaph of the late Mrs. Shi unearthed in Quanzhou,

In the 11th year of the Tang Dynasty (AD 857), Xiamen has been called "Jiahe Lane", but

Look, the name "Jiahe" didn't start in the Song Dynasty but in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, "Golden Harvest"

"Li" is under the jurisdiction of Tongan County. Since the Song Dynasty, the development of Xiamen has accelerated.

With the increase of population, Wang Xiangzhi recorded Jiahe Island in "Ji Sheng in the Ground" in the Southern Song Dynasty.

There are more than 1,000 residents. According to the ordinary probability, there are five or six thousand in a family of five.

People. The increase of population will inevitably increase the number of villages, among which there was Zeng CuO.

Ammonium, Tatou, Dongwo (Ding Huozai), Lianban, Haozao (Wenzao) and Wucang

(wucun), Wushipu, Daitou, Lvcuo, Qian Dian (Qian Dian), Zhongzhai,

Zhukeng (Lake), Gao Qi, Shangdian (Xiangdian), Sakamoto and Zhaizhai. The rest

There are also Fushan Society, Huaide Society, Attached Village Society and Phoenix Society. Since the Song Dynasty,

The traffic on Xiamen Island is also gradually developed, and the land near Wu Tong, Du Dong and Gong Zu is open.

There is a pier in Lu Yuan. The ancient pier site in Wu Tong still exists today. folk

There are also legends such as "miracle", "holy spring" and "golden water" to describe.

At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao and He fled together.

The story of Xiamen. Xiamen also inherited the culture of the Song Dynasty from the Tang Dynasty.

Only Chen Dunren, Xue, Xue Shunyong and Xue passed the exam.

And Du et al. Among them, Xue and Xue Shunyong are brothers, like a dream.

Chun, the son of Shunyong, is a talented person. It is said that it is a beautiful talk. Zhu came to Xiamen,

Hearing this story, I wrote "I should be happy with Sven King" in Chen An Reading Room of Jinbangshan.

Immortality ",to express the enduring style of writing.

Xiamen history and culture

Xiamen is located in the southern coast of Fujian Province, with east longitude11804 ",north latitude 24 26' 46", land area 1565.09 square kilometers and sea area of more than 300 square kilometers. Jurisdiction Siming, Huli, Jimei, Haicang, Tongan and Xiang 'an 6 districts. Spread Minnan dialect.

In the third year of Jin Taikang (282), Tongan County was established, which belonged to Jin 'an County and later merged into Nan 'an County. In the 19th year of Tang Zhenyuan (803), Datong Field was located in the southwest of Nan 'an County. After five dynasties, it was promoted to Tongan County in the 4th year of Tang Dynasty (933), belonging to Quanzhou. Song belongs to Qingyuan Army, Pinghai Army and Quanzhou Army. Yuan belongs to Quanzhou Road. Ming belongs to Quanzhou prefecture. In the twentieth year of Hongwu (1387), Xiamen City was built, and Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty was seven years (1650). Zheng Chenggong lived in Xiamen for twelve years (1650), and set up Siming Mansion. It was abolished in the 19th year of Kangxi (1680); In the twenty-third year (1884), there was a garrison road under Taiwan, and the road was hidden in Taiwan (in the sixth year of Yongzheng, the Taiwan government changed to a Taiwan road), in the twenty-fifth year (1686), the Quanzhou government was divided into defense halls, and in the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), Xingquan Road was set up. In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), Gulangyu Island in Xiamen became a "concession". In the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), Jiaheli (Xiamen) in Tongan County, Jinmen County and Daxie County was located in Siming County. In September, it was promoted to Siming House and abolished.

1933, "People's Republic of China (PRC) People's Revolutionary Government" (referred to as "Fujian People's Government") established Xiamen Special City, which was later revoked. Tongan and Siming counties belong to the fifth administrative supervision area (in Tongan) 1934. 1In April, 935, seven islands including Xiamen and Gulangyu were established in Xiamen, and Heshan Special Zone in Siyou County was abolished. It belongs to the fourth administrative supervision area with Tongan County (within Tongan), from May 1938 to June 1945. 1September, 949/October, Tongan County and Xiamen were liberated, Tongan County was the fifth district (1950 changed to Quanzhou District and Jinjiang District), and Xiamen was a provincial city.1June, 950, Xiamen established Kaiyuan, Siming, Gulangyu and Xiamen. Jimei Town 1953 of Tongan County is under the jurisdiction of Xiamen City. 1958, 1 year evacuated from Heshan district and set it as a suburb. In August, Tongan County was included in Xiamen by Jinjiang District. 1966 In August, Kaiyuan and Siming districts were renamed as Dongfeng and Xiangyang districts (10/979 in October). 1February, 970, Tongan county belongs to Jinjiang District, and1June, 973 belongs to Xiamen City. Xinglin District was established in September 1978. 1987 Huli District was added, and the suburb was renamed as jimei district. 1997 Tongan county zoning. At this point, Xiamen has jurisdiction over Gulangyu, Siming, Kaiyuan, Xinglin, Huli, Jimei and Tongan.

In May 2003, with the approval of the State Council, it was agreed to adjust some administrative divisions of Xiamen. The main contents of the adjustment include: 1. Siming District, Gulangyu Island and Kaiyuan District were merged into Siming District, and the original three administrative areas were under the jurisdiction of Siming District. Two, Xinglin District Xinglin Sub-district Office and Xinglin Town under the jurisdiction of jimei district. Xinglin District was renamed Haicang District. 3. Establish Xiang 'an District, and put Xindian, Xinxu, Maxiang, Neicuo and Dadeng towns under the jurisdiction of Tong 'an District under the jurisdiction of Xiang 'an District. After the adjustment of administrative divisions, Xiamen has jurisdiction over six districts: Siming, Huli, Jimei, Haicang, Tongan and Xiang 'an.

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Another name of Xiamen

Qingmen

In the late Tang Dynasty, Luo Yin wrote a preface to the Collection of Mr. Chen in Yingzhou, in which "Jiawuchun () sued (Luo Yin) for marriage and returned to Qingmen in the east." It is said that Chen An was in Tang Xianzong for nine years (Wu Jia, 8 14), went to Chang 'an (now Xi 'an), and then went east (Xi 'an in the west and Xiamen in the east) and returned to "Qingmen". Qingmen is also another name for Xiamen.

In the poem "Visiting Chen Xiru's Hidden Places in Tang Dynasty on the Golden List" written by Chi Mingxianfang, there is a poem "A castle in the cold and windy". Decoding "Bao Qing" as the portal of the castle, that is, "Qing Gate", can be used as a footnote for Chen An's westward journey to Chang 'an, that is, Xiamen.

New city

In the 12th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong was bombarded by Qing soldiers in the 5th year of Shunzhi, so there was no danger to defend, so he demolished some city walls, yamen and private houses, moved officials and people to Bingzhou Island, and established a new city. People distinguish Tongan ancient city from Bingzhou new city. The new city has become synonymous with Tongan (including Xiamen).

There is a saying in Chi Xianfang's poem "Climbing Gulangyu Island, Achieving Charm in China": "Although it is small, it is also a gateway. What's the difference?" The new town is tortuous, and the ancient poems lie on the side. "It depicts him climbing Gulangyu Island, which is a" small but portal ". On the ancient Sunlight Rock, he overlooked the "prismatic cave" in the west of the lake and opened his eyes to see the twists and turns of the new city. "New town also refers to Xiamen.

Jiaheyu

Song called "Jiahe Island", which belongs to Jiahe in Tongan County, Quanzhou Prefecture.

◎ Thousands of households, middle-left households

Ethan's "Thousand Houses", clearly called "Center Left Hospital", is an administrative organization and is synonymous with Xiamen. "Wen Yi" records that "Wuzhou and Jiahe are the commanders of the whole south". "Wu dialect is a land, in the center-left sea and the center-left portal." "Those who are left behind are outside Tonga."

◎ Siming

In the twelfth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong set up Siming House in Xiamen, and changed to Siming County in the first year of the Republic of China. After independence from Tongan County, it was promoted to Siming House, and the abandoned house was still a county in the second year. Although the state and county governments are also administrative agencies, the "Siming" is still like this.

peach garden

According to the records of Xiamen City in the Republic of China, "Xiamen Island is like a peach" and the scenic spot is "Little Taoyuan". Gulangyu Island in the era of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is called "Xanadu". Today, the nickname of "Taoyuan" in Xiamen is not the illusion of Peach Blossom Garden, but the reality of "Sea Garden".

Lu Yu, Yumen and Lujiang

"Lu Yu", "Yumen" and "Lujiang" are called by topography, river names and poultry.

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The context of "Xiamen"

"Gate" is a general term for place names. Where there are cliffs where rivers enter the sea, in ancient times, boatmen and fishermen vividly called objective existence a door. There are Humen in the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong, Macau in the Special Administrative Region, Nagato and Wuhumen in the Minjiang Estuary in Fujian, Haimen and Giants in the Jiulong Estuary in Zhangzhou, and Jinmen and Xiamen. "Xiamen" is the earliest generic term for "Xiamen".

Summer, tiger, Australia, dragon, sea, gold and luxury are proper terms for land and me. Its meaning is also visualization.

Take Zhang Xia, Fujian as an example: "Haimen" entered the waters of Xiamen Port of Jiulong River; "Giants" are in the northeast of Haimen (Ming history). According to the direction, it should be near the fish tail now. There is a village called "Hou Shi" in that place, which is now the terminal of the passenger ship from Xiamen to Yuzaiwei. The word "Hou" is called "Hu" or "Hu" in Minnan dialect, and it is interpreted as "ditch" in Cihai. In this way, there is a trace of the word "good" and a homonym of the word "Hu" in the pronunciation of the word "Hu". And "Haimen: down to Gulangyu Island and Xiamen Island, they are all channels for tides to pass in and out, just like the gate of Huyu River, which is the" giant ". A door under the giants is called Xiamen. Haimen and Haomen were not named in the Ming Dynasty, but Xiamen was named in the early Ming Dynasty, both before the city was built in the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty.

Qing Daoyun's Chronicle of Xiamen says: "Xiamen is the gateway to the southeast at the turn of Quanzhou and Zhangzhou ..." The Chronicle of Xiamen says: "The Golden Mansion is in danger, and the gateway is also guarded." It is said that Xiamen is the "gateway".

"Xia" and "Xia" are not pronounced in Minnan dialect, but the sound, rhyme and tone are the same. Therefore, Xiamen's "mansion" evolved from "summer"; The change from "Xiamen" to "Xiamen" was refined by literati.

People used to call the north "up" and the south "down"; Minnan people are also used to calling northerners "Beiding (Shandong) people"; Calling southerners "Lower Southerners" can be said that Xiamen is the maritime gateway of southern Fujian, which is more specific and accurate than the general "Loumen" or "Huamen".

In short, "Xiamen" became "Xiamen", which was named as early as the early Ming Dynasty, not just in the late Hongwu period. Zhou de built the city, just with.

In the third year of Jin Taikang (282), Tongan County was established, which belonged to Jin 'an County and later merged into Nan 'an County. In the 19th year of Tang Zhenyuan (803), Datong Field was located in the southwest of Nan 'an County. After five dynasties, it was promoted to Tongan County in the 4th year of Tang Dynasty (933), belonging to Quanzhou. Song belongs to Qingyuan Army, Pinghai Army and Quanzhou Army. Yuan belongs to Quanzhou Road. Ming belongs to Quanzhou prefecture. In the twentieth year of Hongwu (1387), Xiamen City was built, and Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty was seven years (1650). Zheng Chenggong lived in Xiamen for twelve years (1650), and set up Siming Mansion. It was abolished in the 19th year of Kangxi (1680); In the twenty-third year (1884), there was a garrison road under Taiwan, and the road was hidden in Taiwan (in the sixth year of Yongzheng, the Taiwan government changed to a Taiwan road), in the twenty-fifth year (1686), the Quanzhou government set up a defense department separately, and in the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), Xingquan Road was set up. In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), Gulangyu Island in Xiamen became a "concession". In the first year of the National People's Congress (19 12), Jiaheli (Xiamen) in Tongan County, Jinmen County and Daxie County were both located in Siming County. In September, it was promoted to Siming House and abolished.

1933, "People's Republic of China (PRC) People's Revolutionary Government" (referred to as "Fujian People's Government") established Xiamen Special City, which was later revoked. Tongan and Siming counties belong to the fifth administrative supervision area (in Tongan) 1934. 1In April, 935, seven islands including Xiamen and Gulangyu were established in Xiamen, and Heshan Special Zone in Siyou County was abolished. It belongs to the fourth administrative supervision area with Tongan County (within Tongan), from May 1938 to June 1945. 1September, 949/October, Tongan County and Xiamen were liberated, Tongan County was the fifth district (1950 changed to Quanzhou District and Jinjiang District), and Xiamen was a provincial city.1June, 950, Xiamen established Kaiyuan, Siming, Gulangyu and Xiamen. Jimei Town 1953 of Tongan County is under the jurisdiction of Xiamen City. 1958, 1 year evacuated from Heshan district and set it as a suburb. In August, Tongan County was included in Xiamen by Jinjiang District. 1966 In August, Kaiyuan and Siming districts were renamed as Dongfeng and Xiangyang districts (10/979 in October). 1February, 970, Tongan county belongs to Jinjiang District, and1June, 973 belongs to Xiamen City. Xinglin District was established in September 1978. 1987 Huli District was added, and the suburb was renamed as jimei district. 1997 Tongan county zoning.