Characteristics of ideology and culture in Tang Dynasty

The culture of the Tang Dynasty basically has three basic characteristics.

First, the cultural system is huge and complete, with a high degree of development;

Second, the culture of the Tang Dynasty was extremely open;

Third, Tang Wenhua has obvious characteristics of being close to the people, attaching importance to the real world and not sticking to the rules.

Tang Wenhua's system includes literature, religion and philosophy, history, art, astronomical calendar, geography, mathematics, medicine, skills and so on, which basically covered most of the social sciences and natural sciences in the world at that time. Such a huge and complete cultural system was unique in the world at that time.

Tang Wenhua was in the leading position in the world at that time. At that time, Chang 'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty and the cultural center of Asia, was yearned for by all countries. Muhammad said to his Muslim people in the Koran: "Although learning is far away in China, you should ask for it." Japan, North Korea and Viet Nam, which are connected with China only by a strip of water or mountains and rivers, are constantly introducing Tang culture into their own countries.

Extended data

The ideological culture in the prosperous period of the early Tang Dynasty and the ideological culture in the middle and late Tang Dynasty really belong to different types. The early stage of the prosperous Tang Dynasty belongs to the pluralistic open culture in the rising period of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and the middle and late Tang Dynasty belongs to the introverted culture of respecting Confucianism and rejecting heresy in the declining period of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Between the two, the ideological culture of the Tang Dynasty showed a changing trend from "releasing" to "receiving".

This is not only the transformation of ideological and cultural forms from the early prosperous Tang Dynasty to the middle and late Tang Dynasty, but also a key to the transformation of China's ideological and cultural development in the Middle Ages. An Shi Rebellion marked this obstacle.

In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, class relations were relatively loose, ethnic relations lived in harmony, productivity developed unprecedentedly, and foreign exchanges were frequent, resulting in the multi-cultural integration of Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, chivalry and foreign cultures. Therefore, the people's thoughts in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were unprecedentedly active, and the culture and art were unprecedentedly prosperous.

However, due to the ignorance and corruption of Xuanzong in the late Tianbao period, the economic exploitation of the people was aggravated and class relations were tense. Frequent border opening has aggravated ethnic conflicts.

Addicted to religious superstitions of Taoism and Buddhism, Confucianism with rational consciousness is marginalized, which weakens the educational function of Confucianism, leads to the imbalance and destruction of pluralistic and harmonious social culture, and leads to the Anshi rebellion dominated by ethnic contradictions.

In order to save the nation and survive, great changes have taken place in the ideology and culture of the Tang Dynasty. Reviving Confucianism, respecting the king and resisting foreign countries, rejecting heresy, facing reality and being pragmatic have become the ideological and cultural trends since the An Shi Rebellion and even in the middle Tang Dynasty. The pluralistic and harmonious social culture in the prosperous Tang Dynasty has become a fantasy and a distant dream.

Worry consciousness replaces optimism and self-confidence, "self" is subordinate to "self", group personality consciousness overrides individual consciousness, and the unified consciousness of unified thought, unified will and unified action gradually replaces pluralistic open consciousness. From the mentality of outward development in the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the mentality of inward convergence in the middle and late Tang Dynasty.

From "releasing" to "receiving" and from "outside" to "inside" is the overall development trend of ideology and culture in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. Due to the change of the cultural spirit of the times, the poet's mentality has changed from the optimistic mentality of teenagers to the anxious mentality of adults.

The poet's mind is a mirror of the cultural thought of the times. In terms of poetry, with the transformation of ideology and culture, it changed from the idealistic romantic poetry tide in the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the realistic realistic poetry tide in the middle Tang Dynasty. The variation of Li Bai's and Du Fu's poetic styles is a concrete manifestation of the evolution of the mainstream of these two kinds of poems.

In a word, the ideological and cultural transformation from the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the middle Tang Dynasty is a key to the ideological and cultural changes in the history of Tang Dynasty and even China. Li and Du are at the forefront of this cultural transformation. Li Bai is the representative figure of the prosperous Tang culture and the terminator of the prosperous Tang culture and poetry.

Du Fu, on the other hand, was the turning point of cultural transformation between the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the middle Tang Dynasty. He shouldered the heavy responsibility of this era historically, became the pioneer and pioneer of Tang Wenhua and poetry in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and even the whole cultural thought was influenced by Du Fu. His sense of hardship and realistic poems have always influenced the dynasties after the Song Dynasty.

With the prosperous Tang Dynasty gone forever, Li Bai and his passionate, optimistic and idealistic prosperous Tang culture had no chance to appear in the decline of feudal society. His poems and the prosperous Tang culture he represented have always been regarded as glorious models and models of history, admired and yearned for by future generations.

People's Network-Research on Du Li's Changes and Cultural Transformation in Tang Dynasty —— Brief Introduction of Du Li's Changes and Cultural Transformation Achievements in Tang Dynasty

Baidu Encyclopedia-Tang Dynasty Culture