Xuan Yuan The Great Emperor

His surname is Gongsun and his first name is Xuanyuan. Five thousand years ago, he was born in Longjiang Gorge, Juyuanguan, on the Qushui River in the northwest loess plateau of China. According to Sima Qian's historical records, "born as a god, weak and eloquent, young and loyal, long and sensitive, and wise." At the age of fifteen, he was hailed as a "tribal leader" by everyone, and at the age of thirty-seven, he ascended the throne of heaven. Xuanyuan Huangdi, after 52 wars in his life, conquered Yan Di, killed Chiyou, ended the ancient war, bid farewell to the barbaric era, established the first country with a * * * Lord in China, and was elected as the first emperor of the Chinese nation. The era of Chinese civilization began. Because Huangdi Xuanyuan Huangdi has created a rich and splendid culture for the Chinese nation, later generations all respect him as "the ancestor of civilization" and "the ancestor of mankind". After the death of the Yellow Emperor, the people chose "the top of the bridge mountain" and buried him deeply in the loess, hoping that "the soul of the Yellow Emperor will ascend to heaven and its spirit will last forever". Emperors, generals and even ordinary people have come here to pay their respects. This is the Huangdi Mausoleum, the first mausoleum in China that Chinese people at home and abroad pay tribute to today.

(1) Xuanyuan Huangdi

1 Life of the Yellow Emperor

Records of the Five Emperors in Historical Records records: "The Yellow Emperor is the son of Shaodian, surnamed Gongsun and named Xuanyuan". Five thousand years ago, on the second day of the second lunar month, he was born in the Longjiang Gorge of Juyuan Pass on the Qushui River in the Loess Plateau in northwest China. Since then, there has been an auspicious saying that the dragon looked up on February 2. The loess plateau is broad, broad and thick, with rich mountains and thick soil, and the soil color is yellow. The positive color in Huang Nai symbolizes auspiciousness and happiness, which was advocated by the ancients. Earth is the respect of the five elements and the foundation of all things, and Xuanyuan takes earth virtue as the king. So Xuanyuan is called the Yellow Emperor. Ancient documents recorded three emperors and five emperors. The Yellow Emperor is one of Huang San and the first of the five emperors. In the later period of Emperor Yan, the Yellow Emperor rose up in troubled times, called on the world with virtue, defeated Emperor Yan in Hanquan, replaced Emperor Yan as the son of heaven, and later defeated Chiyou in the land of Zhuolu, which ended the ancient war, unified the Chinese nation and established the first * * * country in China. Being elected as the first emperor of the Chinese nation, the era of Chinese civilization began. The emperors of Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties were all descendants of the Yellow Emperor, so the Yellow Emperor was called the ancestor of the Chinese nation.

2 Xuanyuan Huangdi and China culture

The Yellow Emperor created a rich and splendid Chinese culture for the Chinese nation. The creation and invention of clothing, food, housing, transportation, agriculture, industry, mining, commerce, currency, writing, pictures, bows and arrows, music, medicine, marriage, funeral, calendars, five elements of yin and yang, umbrellas and mirrors in ancient China all began in the era of the Yellow Emperor, and are important symbols of "civilization". When the tradition of attaching importance to civilization developed to the Western Zhou Dynasty, the theory of the division of literary field appeared, and "civilization" was regarded as a virtue. The spirit of emphasizing creation and self-improvement produced during the period of the Yellow Emperor became the spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation after the Yellow Emperor. And formed an excellent cultural tradition. Today, we should carry forward these fine traditions and enhance the cohesion and centripetal force of Chinese people.

3. The Yellow Emperor and the Chinese National Spirit

The Yellow Emperor is a flag of the Chinese nation and the first founder of human beings entering civilized society. In the era of the Yellow Emperor, the problems of food, clothing, housing and transportation were solved, such as making clothes, building ships and cars, making characters, teaching sericulture to grow grain, etc., and gradually guiding people to a civilized and orderly life. The great achievements of the Yellow Emperor era condensed into the spirit of the Yellow Emperor, which was embodied in many aspects. To sum up, there are three main aspects, namely "creation", "dedication" and "unity". This is the crystallization of the precious spirit of the Yellow Emperor era, the great spiritual essence of promoting human progress and development, the spiritual pillar of the Chinese nation and the "heirloom" of hundreds of millions of Chinese people.

It is also on this basis that the Chinese nation has created "The world is public", "Who has never died since ancient times, keeping the heart of Dan in accordance with history", "Giving one's life for righteousness", "Wealth cannot be lewd, poverty cannot be moved, power cannot be bent", "Do one's best, and then die" and "Worry about the world first. These are the spirit of China that will always inspire our Chinese nation to move forward. It is the general principle that regulates our past, present and future words and deeds. It is with this spirit that the Chinese nation can always stand among the nations of the world.

(2) Huangdi Mausoleum Temple

The historical evolution of 1

The Chinese nation's activities of offering sacrifices to the Huangdi Mausoleum Temple began as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It has been confirmed by Confucius and Mencius' articles and quotations from their dialogue with students. According to the records of ancient history such as Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, funerary objects, Seven National Examinations and Classic of Mountains and Seas, the system of "tomb-neutral tomb" began in Qin Dynasty. Huangdi Cemetery was built in the Qin Dynasty. After the Qin Dynasty unified the six countries, it was also stipulated that all the tombs of the Emperor of Heaven were called "tombs" and all the tombs of Shu Ren were called "tombs". The Han dynasty also stipulated that there must be a' temple' next to the tomb of the son of heaven. After Liu Bang established a great man, Xuanyuan Temple was built at the foot of Qiaoshan Mountain in the early Han Dynasty. From five to seven years in Dali, Tang Daizong, Xuanyuan Temple was rebuilt and expanded for two years, and 1 140 cypress trees were planted. In the second year of Song Kaibao, due to the continuous erosion of the He Ju River, the cliff at the foot of Qiaoshan Mountain often collapsed, threatening the survival of the temple. Local officials wrote to the imperial court that Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin ordered the Xuanyuan Temple to be moved from Qiaoshan Mountain to The Yellow Emperor's Palace at the foot of Qiaoshan Mountain. This is the Xuanyuan Temple where people come to pay homage today. After the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, around the Revolution of 1911, the Huangdi Mausoleum Temple was repaired and expanded many times. The scale and scope of the Huangdi Mausoleum Temple that we see now. Has far surpassed all previous dynasties.

Folk songs that have been circulating in the local area for thousands of years say:

The temple was built in Han Dynasty and expanded in Tang Dynasty.

When this temple was moved in the Song Dynasty,

No matter who will become the emperor,

I never forgot my ancestors when I ascended the throne.

2 Status quo

The Yellow Emperor collapsed and was buried in Qiao Shan, one kilometer north of huangling county, Shaanxi. The mountains are majestic and surrounded by winding water. There are more than 80,000 ancient cypresses on the mountain, which are evergreen all year round. Xuanyuan Huangdi's mausoleum is hidden deep in the cypress at the top of the bridge. The tomb is 3-6 meters high and 48 meters in circumference. It is made of bricks all around. There is an inscription in front of the tomb for the fifteenth year of Ming Jiajing, which means the place where the Yellow Emperor rode a dragon to heaven. There is a sacrificial pavilion in front, resting on the top of the mountain, and the cornices are upturned, which is magnificent. There is a "Huangdi Mausoleum" stone tablet inscribed by Guo Moruo in the pavilion. The cemetery area is surrounded by red walls, with Lingxingmen in the southeast and stone que imitating the Han Dynasty on both sides. The interior of the cemetery is paved with bricks. Looks quaint and elegant. Just south of the mausoleum, outside the cemetery wall is an earthen platform, namely "Hanwu Sendai". "Historical Records Zen Pass" contains: "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited the north of Shuofang, and more than 100,000 soldiers also offered sacrifices to the Qiaoshan of Huangdi Mausoleum." The Hanwu Sendai, built by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to worship the Yellow Emperor, is more than 20 meters high. Now it has been built with stone steps, cloud boards and guardrails. The area in front of the Huangdi Temple is magnificent, with an area of about 10000 square meters. Choose 5000 cobblestones to pave the road, symbolizing the 5,000-year civilization history of the Chinese nation. At the northern end of the square is Xuanyuan Bridge, which is 8.6 wide, 66 meters long and 6. 15 meters high. The span of the whole bridge is 9 * *. Liang Shi 12 1, with guardrails on the bridge deck. The railings are all engraved with classical patterns. The whole bridge is made of flower rock material. Looks rough and simple. Under Xuanyuan Bridge and its left and right water surfaces are silver pools, covering an area of about 300 mu. The water storage capacity can reach 460,000 square meters. The ancient cypress on the bridge hill is reflected in the pool, which complements the white clouds and blue sky and adds infinite aura to the Huangdi Mausoleum. The silver pool is surrounded by trees, forming a beautiful space environment. At the northern end of Xuanyuan Bridge is Wei Long Road, with 95 steps, which symbolizes the supreme significance of the Ninth Five-Year Plan of the Yellow Emperor. Climb the gate of the temple from Weilong Road. Shanmen is a five-room granite building (imitation of wood in Han Dynasty). It is particularly solemn and majestic. Enter the temple gate. The first thing you see is the cypress planted in Xuanyuan. Legend has it that Xuanyuan Huangdi planted it himself. This cypress tree is 19 m high, 10 m trunk circumference, 6 m middle circumference, and 2 m long last week, with lush foliage and green cypress leaves. Further north is Chengxin Hall. Five rooms wide. Walk into a room. At this time, the sacrificial officials must dress up and calm down before they can enter the main hall to sacrifice. Further north is the Monument Pavilion, five rooms are wide and one is deep, and the roof is rolled up. Inside the pavilion, there are Mao Zedong's calligraphy "Sacrifice to the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor" and Jiang Zhongzheng's calligraphy "Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor" stone tablet. There is a tall cypress tree on the side, that is, "Hanwu hangs Jiabai", with lush foliage. The main hall of Xuanyuan Temple is seven rooms wide and three rooms deep, resting on the top of the mountain. On the lintel, the words "the early ancestor of mankind" inscribed by Kuomintang veteran Cheng Qian are engraved. There is a relief Xuanyuan Yellow Emperor stone statue embedded in the wooden niche in the middle of the hall. To the east of the pavilion is a side of a stone tablet, which contains more than 40 stone tablets of past dynasties, among which 14 13 pine and cypress tablet was planted in Song Renzong in the sixth year of Jiayou. In the second year of Tai (A.D. 137 1), it was forbidden to cut down the imperial tablet of Huangdi Mausoleum. In the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Taizu (A.D. 137 1), the imperial tablet of Huangdi Mausoleum was sacrificed, and in the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi (A.D. 1689), the imperial tablet of Huangdi was sacrificed.

3 planning and development

At the request of Chinese at home and abroad, with the approval of the state, the foundation stone was laid in Tomb-Sweeping Day on April 4th 1992, and construction started on August 25th.

The renovation project of Huangdi Mausoleum covers Qiao Shan where Huangdi Mausoleum is located and its surrounding mountains, rivers and towns, covering an area of 3.24 square kilometers. The goal and guiding ideology of the renovation are as follows: First, based on the profound connotation of the Huangdi Mausoleum Temple, the Huangdi Team will become a holy place to carry forward the Chinese national culture and enhance the cohesion of the national spirit through renovation; The second is to ensure the existing ancient footprints of cultural relics and ancient Berlin, and provide a good ecological environment for the growth of ancient Berlin; Third, the combination of architecture and natural landscapes, integrating mountains, mountains, water and cities, embodies the momentum of "majestic, dignified, solemn and simple"; The fourth is to absorb the essence of traditional ideas, pursue a simpler and broader architectural style of the Han Dynasty, and make all architectural styles and images strive for unity.

The renovation project planning has determined the protection scope with emphasis on Huangdi Mausoleum and Xuanyuan Temple. The overall structure includes six areas: the temple front area, temple fair products, merit field, Shinto, mausoleum area, county seat and surrounding landscape. Form a complete building rest system to worship the mausoleum, in which the temple square is decorated with a series of stone carvings that can meet the needs of 5000 civilizations and cultures, which enhances people's reverence for their ancestors and pride in the history and culture of ancient civilizations. The planning and design of the restoration of Huangdi Mausoleum was carried out under the guidance of domestic first-class experts, and the opinions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and overseas Chinese were widely solicited. I believe that in the near future, the Mausoleum of Huangdi will surely become the crystallization of wisdom and the cohesion of strength of all Chinese people.

(3) Ancestor worship activities in past dynasties

Sacrificial activities of the Chinese nation have a long history. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were activities to worship the Yellow Emperor. Now we can see the historical records: in the early Warring States period, in the second year of Qin Linggong (422 BC), sacrifices to the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di began to resume. This is the first time in history that Xuanyuan Huangdi changed from the status of God to the ancestor of mankind. In the history of the Chinese nation, Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, was the largest and most grand sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor in Xuanyuan. In October of the first year of Feng (BC 1 10), he led an army of 180,000 to patrol the North and passed by when he returned to Chang 'an. When he saw the magnificent Huangdi Mausoleum, he immediately stopped marching and prepared for the ceremony. The next day, when the sun rose, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered180,000 troops to be distributed in Majiashan, Yintai Mountain, Qiaoshan Mountain and Sanshan Mountain, facing the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor. Military music is everywhere, and colorful flags are flying in the wind. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took off his armor and hung it on a cypress tree, and climbed slowly: pray for Sendai, pray silently for the Yellow Emperor, and bless Wang Shanyong of the Han Dynasty to keep safe forever. He himself wants to be Pei as soon as possible and become a dragon like the Yellow Emperor. After the sacrifice, he led the troops back to Chang 'an on the same day.

When Sima Qian wrote Historical Records, he wrote it into Historical Records Zen Book. This is what people have often said for thousands of years, "180,000 troops sacrificed to the Huangling". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not become an immortal and ascended to heaven, but left a "Hanwu Sendai" on the Qiao Shan for later generations to stage.

In the history of the Chinese nation, in the Yuan Dynasty, when the Mongols were emperors, strict laws were promulgated to protect the Huangdi Mausoleum Temple. It was the second year of Taiding (AD 1325). Taiding Emperor and Sun Tie Moore received a complaint from a county in central Shaanxi (now huangling county), suing the Baosheng Palace in Xuanyuan Temple for fire. Emperor Taiding was furious: he immediately called all the officials in the palace to discuss in the temple, and should tell them: "Huangdi Xuanyuan is the ancestor of our Chinese nation, regardless of Han, Manchu, Mongolian and Hui. After taiding emperor finished speaking, he personally dictated to the civil servants around him, wrote a Mongolian imperial edict in Chinese characters, and immediately sent officials to ride horses day and night and sent them to the central county of Shaanxi.

Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of Daming, herded cattle and begged for food. In the fourth year of Hongwu (A.D. 137 1), he appointed an important official around him to offer sacrifices to the Yellow Emperor with his handwritten imperial edict. Zhu Yuanzhang also stipulated that in the future, the imperial edict to the Yellow Emperor must be written by the emperor himself and engraved with the "imperial edict" of the mausoleum. This is the most complete memorial of Xuan Ji Temple. On December 3rd, the forty-second year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (AD 1564), Emperor Zhu Housui of Jiajing heard from officials who returned to Beijing that the local government had imposed grain tax on the Huangdi Mausoleum Temple. "Emperor Jiajing" was furious and said: No matter how poor the country is, it is impossible to levy a grain tax on the Huangdi Mausoleum Temple. That is, a decree was issued to exempt all grain taxes from Huangdi Temple, and silver was allocated again to build Xuanyuan Temple.

On March 16, the 21st year of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1682), Emperor Kangxi personally wrote a letter to the Yellow Emperor in Manchu. After reading it, the ministers around him suggested translating Kangxi into Chinese. Emperor Kangxi accepted this suggestion and carved Chinese and Manchu on a stone tablet, which has been placed in the stele gallery of Xuanyuan Temple.

19 1 1 year, the "Xinhai Revolution" broke out in three towns in Wuhan, overthrowing the feudal system for thousands of years and establishing the Republic of China. 19 12, Sun Yat-sen was elected as the interim president of the Republic of China. In February of that year, a delegation of 15 people was ordered to pay homage to the Huangdi Mausoleum. Before he left, Sun Yat-sen wrote a magnificent memorial hall overnight.

1937, at the climax of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party abandoned their differences. In order to resist Japan, on April 5, representatives of the two parties went to the Huangdi Mausoleum and read their respective eulogies. This will help publicize the policy of the anti-Japanese national United front and mobilize 40 million people to resolutely resist Japanese imperialism. It has played a huge historical role, thus going down in history.

1992, with the care and support of the central leadership, the foundation stone was laid for the renovation of the Huangdi Mausoleum on April 4, and construction started on August 25. The central government also sent dignitaries to the Huangdi Mausoleum to participate in ancestor worship and repair guidance.

Therefore, in the big family of the Chinese nation, no matter the Southern Song Dynasty when Jin was in power, the Yuan Dynasty when Mongols were emperors, the Ming Dynasty when Han people were emperors, and the Qing Dynasty when Manchu people were emperors, they never forgot the great achievements of offering sacrifices to their great ancestors-Xuanyuan. There is a folk saying that "no matter who comes to sit on the throne, he will never forget his ancestors." So in the Huangdi Mausoleum Temple, there is no politics, no party, no class struggle. Because we are all descendants of the Chinese people. As for the merits and demerits of individuals and historical dynasties in the long river of history, later generations have comments. Ancestor shrines are not allowed to talk about this. No matter how many officials come to worship the Yellow Emperor, no matter how old you are, no matter whether you are riding a sedan chair or riding a horse, you must get off the sedan chair in front of the stone in front of the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum. Modern people don't ride horses or take cars. You must stop at the stone tablet where the civil and military officials dismounted, and you are not allowed to cross the line. Otherwise, you are not allowed to take a step. .

Donation at home and abroad to reorganize the world's first mausoleum

With the development of reform and opening up and cross-strait exchanges, overseas Chinese have flocked to the Wanli Huangdi Mausoleum thousands of miles away, vowing to be in front of the ancestral mausoleum. however .........