What are the three gardens in Yuanming?

After Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne, he spent several years building Yuanmingyuan, repairing porcelain every day, digging water and moving stones, costing millions.

Not only the garden landscape in Yuanmingyuan was adjusted, but also the architectural groups were increased. Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden were built in the east and southeast of Yuanmingyuan. These three gardens, all under the management of the management minister of Yuanmingyuan, are called Yuanming Three Gardens.

Changchun Garden, formerly known as "East Garden", is about 220 meters long from north to south and 95 meters wide from east to west. The original building area is 2750 square meters, covering an area of about 2 1 000 square meters, which is equivalent to 1/5 of the total area of Yuanming Three Gardens.

Chunhua Xuan is the main building of Changchun Garden Center, which was built at 1745. It was built by Qianlong to support his life after returning to politics. Chunhua Xuan is located in the Hanjing Hall in the center of Changchun Garden. When it was completed, it coincided with the completion of the "Re-carved Spring Pavilion Sticker", so it was embedded in the left and right cloister walls, hence the name Chunhua Xuan.

"Spring Flower Pavilion Post" was first copied in 992 in the third year of Chunhua in the Northern Song Dynasty. It contains the calligraphy masterpieces of 99 people, including Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi, Cang Xie, Yu Xia and Confucius, and is of great historical research value.

This post is divided into 10 volumes, which is the first large-scale cluster post in China and is known as the originator of all posts. During the Qianlong period, according to the Northern Song Dynasty's "Ge Tie Chu Tuo", this stone was carved with a hook after careful revision.

After the engraving, 400 copies were printed and presented to the royal relatives, ministers, palaces and places of interest in Zhili, Shandong and Zhejiang. Chunhua Xuan has thus become a famous forest of steles in Beijing.

In its heyday, Hanjingtang, surrounded by landscape flowers, is the largest landscape group in Changchun Garden, covering an area of 45,000 square meters. The main buildings are juxtaposed vertically with three axes, and there are nearly 30 large and small temples.

The west of the Confucian Classics Museum is a meditation hall, and a word hall is built 17. There is a small garden in front of Si Yongzhai, and Si Yongzhai opens the sea and the moon in the north. It is a double circular stone platform built on the lake, with three halls on it. There is a tour of Sendai in the east of Haiyue Gate, and Tainan is the money garden, which wins with stones and has eight rich scenery.

Here is the relic stone "utpala" of Deshou Palace in the Southern Song Dynasty, which was shipped from Hangzhou by Emperor Qianlong. To the east of Hanjingtang is Yulinglong Hall, Heanzhai, Yingqingzhai, Ruyuan and Jianyuan, and the northeast corner of the garden is Lion Forest.

Lion Forest has a water gate, namely the water inlet, a water gate, namely the water outlet, and a stone arch bridge named Hongqiao. There are several stone poems on each side of the bridge, and the inscriptions are engraved with the year number of Qianlong.

On the south bank of Shuiguan, there is a 3-character plaque engraved with "Lion Forest". On the back of the stone tablet and inside and outside the Shuiguan arch stone, there are poems 10 inscribed by the imperial court from Qianlong to Jiaqing. Yu Yue, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, praised Lion Forest as:

After five times, the five poisons are insufficient, and the nine upstream and downstream are incomplete.

In the early days, Qichun Garden was once the imperial garden of Yun Xiang, the prince of Qingyi, and it was named "Jiaohui Garden". In the middle of Qianlong period, the garden was changed to Fu Heng, a university student, and renamed as "Spring Garden". Later, He Chunyuan was incorporated into Yuanmingyuan and officially named "Qichun Garden".

The palace gate of Qichun Garden, in the southeast of the garden, is called the "new palace gate". There are three rooms in the palace gate, with a screen wall in front and five east-west rooms, and there is a crescent-shaped Royal River in the door.

Crossing the Imperial Bridge is the second palace gate. In the middle is Ying Hui Hall, the main hall of Qichun Garden. There are two long corridors in the north of the main hall, which are connected with Zhonghe Hall.

To the north of Zhonghetang is a hill, and to the north of the hill is the royal bedroom area, which is the most important and largest building complex in the park. Its main buildings are Jixi Hall and Yongchun Hall, later renamed Fuchun Hall.

In the center of Qichun Garden, there are several unique small gardens, namely Lu Ying of Zhan's, Chunze Garden, Shengdongshi, Xuan and Siyi Bookstore. These small gardens are separated by winding waterways, which are picturesque and meaningful.

The southwest and northeast of Qichun Garden are famous for their waterscape, each with a big lake and an island, forming a unique landscape. Green Man Xuan, Changhe Hall and Chengxin Hall are all built in the southwest island, while Fenglinzhou and Xianren Chengtai are built in the northeast island.

It is said that if you look at the terrace of Xianren City from any direction, you can enjoy a unique silhouette of Xianren City.

To the west of Qichun Garden is Xiaqing Hall, covering an area of about 10 mu. The whole building is in the shape of "I". This is a typical summer garden. In addition to the main building, there are pavilions and pavilions, with pine and bamboo planted in the courtyard and exquisite lakes and mountains outside.

There is also a relatively independent and complete building complex-Zhengjue Temple in the south of Qichun Garden. Zhengjue Temple is a Lama Temple. The temple itself has an independent south gate, and the back door communicates with the interior of Qichun Garden.

In addition, in the south of Fuyuan Gate in Yuanmingyuan and outside the west wall of Yiqi Spring Garden, there is a special garden named "Chenghuai Garden", which is designed for the ci ministers in the south study room and the upper study room, commonly known as Hanlin Garden. This is the value of Hanlin in the south study room and the upper study room. This is the highest courtesy of the Qing court to Han officials. Later, Emperor Xianfeng once said:

There are many flowers in the west of the wall. Ji Ya should know that there is an academician.

Chenghuai Garden is actually an affiliated garden of Yuanmingyuan, and its protection and management are under the unified responsibility of the garden management minister of Yuanmingyuan.

Fuhai is the largest water surface among the three gardens in Yuanmingyuan. It is 600 meters wide from east to west and from north to south, with a total area of about 280,000 square meters. Together with the surrounding small waters, it is about 320,000 square meters.

Fang Lake Scenic Area is located in the northeast bay of Fuhai, which is the most beautiful building in Yuanmingyuan.

Three large pavilions with double eaves in front of Fang Lake Scenic Area extend into the lake in a "mountain" shape. More than 2,000 Buddha statues and more than 30 pagodas are enshrined in nine pavilions in the middle and back. The building is magnificent, which is as famous as fairy mountain and theme attic, but it is actually a temple building.

Fanghu Scenic Area was originally a shrine of Poseidon, the only one in China gardens. It is an inner lake facing the northeast of Fuhai, and there is an openable suspension bridge between the big and small water surfaces for schematic separation. After the bridge is opened, the dragon boat can enter the inner lake from Fuhai and reach Yingxun Pavilion in the prominent lake.

The main building is three groups of symmetrical halls, covered with yellow glazed tiles, which are reflected on the water, just like the Qionglou Yuyu in the fairy mountain. Especially when people pass through bridge opening and look at Pengdao Yaotai in the center of Fuhai, they will have the impression of wandering in a fairyland.

The plane and elevation of the whole building complex are strictly symmetrical, and a central axis connects the north and south groups. A group of buildings in the south are built on a tall white marble pedestal, and the main hall is a two-story building facing the lake. The copper-plated plaque "Square Pot Scenic Area" is hung on the upper eaves, and "Yichun Hall" is hung on the lower eaves.

There is a throne downstairs in Fanghu Scenic Area, surrounded by a large number of antiques, and there are more than 0/000 large and small Buddha statues/kloc-in the Buddha building upstairs. There is a white marble guardrail in front of Fanghu Scenic Area and a cloister in the east and west, which is connected with the three pavilions near the lake. The pavilion in the west is called "Ningxiang Pavilion" and the pavilion in the east is called "Jirui Pavilion". The roofs of these two pavilions are very similar to the watchtowers of the Forbidden City.

A square pavilion is built on the lake platform between the two pavilions, and a bronze gold-plated plaque is hung on the eaves of the pavilion. The name and shape of this pavilion are basically the same as those of Yingtai in the South China Sea. There is a throne in the pavilion, where the emperor likes to enjoy the cool and enjoy the scenery, surrounded by two pairs of bronze deer and two pairs of bronze cranes.

There are steps in the south of the pavilion, which can be used as a dock at ordinary times. The emperor sailed from Fuhai to Fanghu Scenic Area and landed here. There is a three-hole stone bridge in the north of Yingxun Pavilion, which is connected with the Shengjing Temple in Fanghu Lake in the north, and a small glazed archway is also built at the north and south ends of the bridge.

There are six pavilions on the second floor behind Fanghu Scenic Area, which are connected by verandahs to form a closed space. The whole building is located on a platform about 3 meters above the ground.

Nanping has bronze cranes, incense burners and lake stones. Magnolia and pine trees are also planted in the middle yard. The upper part of the veranda is a terrace, and you can walk freely between the second floor and the second floor.

The pavilion in the south is called "Baluan Hall", which is the same in scale and form as Fanghu Shengjing Hall. There is a throne downstairs in Baluan Hall, which is the emperor's bedroom. There is a bed in it, and there is a Buddhist temple upstairs for more than 200 Buddha statues, large and small.

Qionghua Building is behind the Luan Hall. Three bronze gilded plaques of Qionghua Building are Qianlong Imperial Books, which are hung on the eaves of the building. Qionghua Building is slightly smaller than the first two buildings, and there is a bed in the building for the empress to rest. There are nearly a thousand large and small Buddha statues and pagodas upstairs and downstairs.

In the east of Qionghua Building, there is an independent small courtyard called "Jolie Palace". This small courtyard has a hall and an east-west hall. The main hall faces south, and there is a warm pavilion in the hall, which is the master bedroom for the Queen to visit Fanghu Scenic Area.

In addition, there is a group of small courtyards on the north bank of Beihu Lake in Qionghualou, and the name of the main uplift is "Tianyu Kongming". This scene was built in the early years of Qianlong, and later it was built on a large scale.

The front hall facing south is the main hall of this scenic spot, and the back hall is called "Chengjing Hall", which is connected with the veranda of the front hall. Gan Long's "Re-engraving the Pavilion of Spring Flower" and "Bronze Map of West Building" were originally stored in the museum. There is also a square pavilion by the lake in front of Tianyu Kongming Temple, with the imperial book of "Cui Yuan" hanging on it.

In the west of Fanghu Scenic Area, there is also a group of scenic spots with great artistic conception-Santan silver moon. Santan silver moon, with the same name as the West Lake, is one of the ten scenic spots imitating the West Lake in Yuanmingyuan.

"Three pools printing the moon" comes from the Buddhist language, which says: "Zongmen seals three times, printing gas, water and mud". This scene was built in the early years of Qianlong, and three brick towers imitating the West Lake were erected in the West Hechi of Fanghu Lake Scenic Area, with a height of 2.4 meters.

In the west of the Three Towers, there are two small water curtain holes, which are formed by running water dripping from the holes. On the east side of the three pagodas, there is a pavilion across the river, which reads "Three Tan Yin Yue", a black painted gold plaque. In the evening, the emperor can enjoy the scenery of the three pools and the moon in the open pavilion. There is a single-hole stone arch bridge in the east of Xie Chang, whose Qianlong was named "Jinyong Bridge".

Although the name of the moon is the same as that of the West Lake, it does not have much in common with the West Lake except for the three lighthouses in the water. The moon in the three beaches of Yuanmingyuan is smaller and more delicate. The north, west and south of this scene are all earthen mountains, and the east is an open pavilion across the water. The emperor came here by boat from Fuhai, and the lake gradually narrowed, and the buildings were from big to small, which made people linger.

Emperor Qianlong wrote it in the Forty Scenes of Yuanmingyuan? Square pot scenic spot? When he described this scenic spot in Preface to Poetry, he wrote:

There are three sacred mountains on the sea, and the ship is sailing with the wind, which is just a rumor. You know, gold and silver are palaces. Why are they different? That is, the realm is the fairy, comfortable in my room, why ask for it? This square pot has a name. To the east is Jolie Palace, and to the west is San Tan Yin Yue. It is clean and empty, and it is also a landscape.

Fly to see the cold water in cloud mirror, empty to see the pine and cypress ginseng. Gorkon, Hunan, Yu Ming, Liu Ying, Qu Zhu, Han Chan and San Yin. Taking care of the craftsman's heart is not a beautiful thing, and Qi people are just empty talk. If the fairy family is like thatched earth, the Twelve Golden Halls are not ashamed.

Pengdao Yaotai is three small islands located in Fuhai. Yongzheng period was named "Penglai Island". These three islands are like Li Sixun's paintings, symbolizing Penglai, the abbot and Sanxian Mountain in Yingzhou of the East China Sea. It is also wishful thinking to pursue a fairyland on earth and pray for immortality.

Mishima is located in the center of Fuhai and is connected by two wooden bridges. The center of Mishima is about 45 meters square. The main hall on the island is called "Pengdao Yaotai". There is a throne and a bed in the hall. This is the emperor's bedroom, where Emperor Qianlong has had meals and rested many times. There is also a collection of "Re-carved Spring Pavilion Post" and "Bronze Map of West Building".

There is another island in the northwest and southeast of Yaotai Island in Pengdao. There is a eunuch duty room on the northwest island. Every time the emperor visited the island, the imperial dining hall and the imperial tea room were located here.

There is a hexagonal pavilion on the southeast island. There are many rocks on the island, and there are also many royal carved stones. Emperor Yongzheng, Emperor Qianlong, Emperor Jiaqing, Emperor Daoguang and Emperor Xianfeng all wrote imperial poems describing Pengdao Yaotai scenic spot, which are rare in Yuanmingyuan and even the royal gardens in Qing Dynasty.

Fuhai holds a dragon boat race every year on the Dragon Boat Festival in the Qing Dynasty. The emperor and the empress dowager watched the dragon boat race in Wangyingzhou and Yaotai on Pengdao respectively. It is worth mentioning that Emperor Qianlong once specially allowed Portuguese envoys to watch the games. Fuhai is also the place where river lanterns are set off on the Mid-Autumn Festival on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month, and the Yaotai Pier on Pengdao is the main place where the Empress Empress sets off river lanterns.

The southeast corner of Fuhai is Xiushan House, covering an area of12,500 square meters. The architectural form is very similar to that of the Han Dynasty. Both of them are arranged along the coast, and the north and south echo each other from afar, making the landscape on the east bank of Fuhai very harmonious.

The main hall connecting Xiushan is the third hall facing west, and the plaque of Yongzheng Imperial Pen "Connecting Xiushan Room" is hung under the eaves. The two ends of the temple extend out of the veranda, perfectly connecting the Cui Lanting in the south and the Chenglian Building in the north, thus enhancing the overall sense of the building.

To the south of Jiexiu Mountain House and Guild Hall, there is a group of independent buildings called "Fish Watching Leap". During the Jiaqing period, it was demolished and rebuilt, and there were five halls and three volumes in the south. The Guanlan Hall inscribed by Zeng Yu in Jiaqing hangs under the eaves of the main hall. The newly-built Guanlan Hall is very similar to Shende Hall in Qingyan, Kyushu, and it is the largest building along the coast of Fuhai.

Guanlan Hall is beautifully decorated. The beams, columns, doors, windows and indoor furniture of the whole palace are made of precious rosewood inlaid with gold, silver, pearls and jadeite.

To the east of the main hall is a Buddhist temple, and to the west there is a throne bed for the emperor to rest. Emperor Jiaqing, Daoguang and Hao Xianfeng all liked to live here, leaving many poems describing Guanlan Hall.

The interior decoration of Jiexiu Mountain House is all made of rosewood lacquerware, inlaid with gold, silver, precious stones and ivory. These rare treasures are carved with landscapes, pavilions, figures, flowers and trees, insects and birds.

This kind of decoration, from design to carving technology, was created by a craftsman named Zhou in Hangzhou in the late Ming Dynasty, so it is called Zhou system, which occupies an important position in the history of sculpture in China.

Pinghu Qiuyue, located on the north bank of Fuhai, is one of the ten scenic spots of the West Lake in Yuanmingyuan, covering an area of 20,000 square meters. The main hall of Pinghu Qiuyue entered three times, and the plaque of Yongzheng's imperial book "Pinghu Qiuyue" hung under the eaves.

During the holidays, two pairs of Five Blessingg parallel lanterns and four pairs of six-party silk paintings will be hung here. There is a calligraphy and painting fan with brown bamboo edge, bamboo core, copper shaft and black background in the temple. On the one hand, it was written by Ci Chen Cao, and on the other hand, it was painted by painter Li Bingde.

There are three open halls in the north of the main hall, with a plaque of "Flower Rain Gao Lan" hanging on the eaves, and a veranda connected with the flowing water pavilion in the northwest corner. In front of the hall, there are three open halls facing the water, which are close to the water surface, and have the artistic conception of "the water tower gets the moon first". Sitting in the open hall, you can enjoy the beautiful scenery of the east and west coasts of Fuhai, and it is also a good place to enjoy the cool in summer.

There is a suspension bridge in the east of Pinghu Qiuyue Hall, from which all the large cruise ships in Fuhai enter the pier in the north.

On the high platform at the eastern end of the bridge, there is a wooden pavilion with a pyramid roof with double eaves, and the plaque with the same name as the "Two Peaks Inserting Clouds" of Hangzhou West Lake is hung outside the pavilion, which is one of the ten scenic spots of the West Lake in Yuanmingyuan.

Every double ninth festival, this is where Empress Dowager Cixi climbed.

Quyuan Fenghe Hall, located between Fuhai and Kyushu, is a transitional scenic spot and the largest replica of the Ten Scenes of West Lake in Yuanmingyuan. There is a two-story building in the west of Qu Yuan's Fenghe Hall, which contains a Buddha statue. Gan Long's name is "Luojia Shengjing", which is modeled after Putuo Mountain in Dinghai, Zhejiang.

Luojia Scenic Area is located in the west of Fenghe Hall in Quyuan, and there are three rooms on the second floor. On the eaves, there is a plaque of "Luojia Scenic Area". Emperor Jiaqing wrote four poems entitled "Luojia Scenic Spot". Luojia, also known as Putuo Luojia, and Luojia in the South China Sea, namely Putuo in the East China Sea, are one of the four famous Buddhist mountains.

There is a bridge pavilion in front of Qu Yuan's Fenghe Temple. Because the bridge is covered with brown, it is commonly known as "Brown Pavilion Bridge". In fact, after crossing the Bronting Bridge, it is the artificially excavated Lotus Lake. Hunan is 240 meters long in the north and 80 meters wide in the east and west, with a nine-hole stone bridge in the center.

Jiukong Stone Bridge, also known as Jin Ao Jade Bridge, is the longest stone coupon bridge in Yuanming Three Gardens, where lotus flowers are particularly rich, red with waves and Changhong swaying.

There is an archway in the east and west of the stone bridge, with the words "Jin Ao" in the west and "Yuzhou" in the east, so this bridge is also called "Jin Ao Yuzhou Bridge" and is also the largest stone bridge in Yuanmingyuan. On the east side of the bridge, there is a pavilion with four eaves under the circle, in which the plaque of "Gan Long Imperial Book" and "Drinking and Practicing Changhong" is hung.

There is a pier along the coast of Hunan, which is one of the larger piers in Yuanmingyuan. There are boats of all sizes for the Queen to visit Fuhai.

Qu Yuan's theme of wind and load is to watch the load. "Quyuan" was originally a brewing workshop set up by the Southern Song Dynasty court. It is near the shore of the West Lake, where lotus flowers are planted. In summer, when Xu Lailiang blows gently, lotus flowers and wine are flowing everywhere, and if you don't drink, you will be drunk.