How many kinds of shops are there? What are their characteristics?

How many kinds of shops are there? What are their characteristics? As can be seen from the concept of shops, its scope is extremely wide, and it is impossible to conduct in-depth research without effective classification, let alone professional analysis of shop investment. In this section, shops are classified to facilitate readers to understand and discuss shop investment later.

There are various forms of shops. Shops can be seen everywhere in commercial real estate such as commercial areas, residential areas, professional markets and shopping malls-commercial facilities are composed of shops of all sizes. Although they are all shops, it is obvious that the business environment, business characteristics and investment characteristics of different places and types of shops will be obviously different. The necessary classification of shops here will help readers to understand the shops individually and also contribute to future research.

1, classified by development form

(1), commercial street shops

Commercial street refers to a single-storey or multi-storey commercial real estate form arranged in a plane form according to the shape of the street. Pavements on both sides of the street and shops in commercial buildings belong to commercial street shops.

Commercial streets have developed well in China in recent ten years, including building materials, auto parts, clothing boutique streets, bar streets, beauty salons and so on. Most of the above-mentioned commercial streets with a certain kind of goods as their business content started earlier, but the business situation of some follow-up projects is not good. Of course, there are also many commercial streets that adopt the mixed management mode of various commodities. The naming of commercial streets only reflects the location characteristics, and such commercial streets are less successful.

Commercial street shops are closely related to the development of commercial streets, and the operation of commercial street shops depends entirely on the operation of the whole commercial street: most investors in well-run commercial streets have already made rich profits; Poor commercial streets naturally make investors, shop tenants and shop operators face losses.

(2) Market stores

What we call "market" here refers to all kinds of commercial buildings used for the wholesale, retail and operation of certain or comprehensive commodities, some of which are single-storey buildings, and most of them are multi-storey buildings. Shops in this kind of market are what we call market shops.

Market shops occupy a relatively high proportion in the retail industry, and there are a large number of professional wholesale and retail markets engaged in certain commodity business all over the country, such as book trading market, electronic market, household appliances market, furniture city, building materials city and so on.

(3) Community stores

Community stores refer to commercial shops located in residential areas, and their business targets are mainly residents of residential areas.

The main forms of community shops are commercial buildings with 1-3 floors or shops at the bottom of buildings. Some pavements can be directly opened to the outside world, but most of them are in the form of bunks.

(4), residential shops at the bottom

Shops on the first floor of a residential building refer to commercial shops located on the first floor of a residential building (which may include floors 1, 2 and 1, 2 above ground, or part of them).

At present, residential underground shops are a form of investment that the market is extremely concerned about and investors are keen on. Many real estate developers fully realize the great value of the shops at the bottom of the house, which not only avoids the embarrassing situation that the bottom of the house was not easy to sell in the past, but also gains greater investment income. For the investors of residential shops at the bottom, in view of the stable customer flow brought by the buildings above the residential shops at the bottom, the future customer base of residential shops will be relatively reliable, in other words, the investment risk of investors is relatively small.

(5), department stores, shopping centers and stores

Stores in department stores and shopping centers refer to stores in department stores and various shopping centers. The operation of department stores and various shopping centers has a direct and far-reaching impact on the operation of shops inside. At present, there are many such projects in operation in China, and many large-scale shopping center projects are under development and construction in many large and medium-sized cities in China.

(6), commercial buildings, office shops

Commercial buildings and office buildings refer to commercial spaces such as hotels, commercial and residential apartments, clubs, clubs, exhibition centers and office buildings for commercial purposes. This kind of shop is relatively small in scale, but its commercial value deserves attention.

(7), transportation facilities store

Traffic facilities shops refer to shops located in and around subway stations, railway stations, airports and other traffic facilities, as well as various small and medium-sized shops on both sides of the road.

The above is the division of shops according to their development patterns. This classification method is convenient for investors to understand the types of shop projects from the perspective of development forms, and to establish an understanding based on development concepts for shops with different development forms.

2. Classification by investment value

As a new form of real estate investment, shops' profitability and investment value are undoubtedly the most concerned issues for shop investors. If the investment value of the invested shops is not high, it will at least mean short-term failure for shop investors. The price of ordinary houses in Beijing is more than twice that of apartments, four times that of oriental ginza and 10 times that of Hongkong. The price of commercial blocks should be 2 to 3 times that of residential buildings, while the price of shops in core business districts can reach 3 to 5 times that of residential buildings.

In view of the importance of the investment value of shops, the shops are classified according to their investment value, which is convenient for investors to judge the investment direction and investment objectives from the perspective of investment income.

(1), "urban" shops-blue chips

A "city" store refers to a store located in the commercial center of a city. In view of its special geographical location and its own commercial value, under normal circumstances, the passenger flow of "urban" shops is relatively stable for a long time, in other words, the commercial operation income level of such shops is relatively high. The commercial operation level of shops will naturally reflect the rental income ability of shops: the investment income of "urban" shops is stable and the income is relatively high, so it is more appropriate to call "urban" shops "blue chips".

There are many examples of "city" stores. From Wangfujing Street and Xidan Commercial Street in Beijing to Nanjing Road in Shanghai, the shops in the area are typical urban shops. If the shops in Wangfujing Street belong to "blue chip" shops, no one should doubt it. Imagine how much turnover does hundreds of thousands of passengers mean to the shops here every day? !

"City-type" shops are mostly used for the operation of commodity formats, and the proportion of experience formats and service formats stations is relatively small, which is more in line with the principle of commercial value-in areas with high passenger flow, the commercial value per unit area is high, and only commodity formats can achieve this goal.

(2), "community" stores-potential stocks

"Community-based" stores and the "community-based" stores we talked about last part belong to the same concept. It is called "potential stock" because the community where the shop is located usually goes through a process from scratch, from immaturity to maturity. In fact, the process of a community's maturity is the process of value promotion: a new community is like the original stock of the securities market. As long as the project positioning is accurate and the development environment is good, there is no doubt that the value of shops will increase with the maturity of the community.

It should be pointed out that the characteristics of value growth of community shops do not mean that the prices of shops will rise forever. Perhaps some investors can't understand why. What Cyrus Consulting wants to explain is that while the value of community shops is increasing, there are also cases where the value of shops is overdrawn in advance: some developers with strong operational planning ability have achieved the goal of improving market expectations through good packaging of shop projects in the immature investment market, and finally the sales of shops have reached record highs, such as shops with an initial unit price of only 1.5 million /m2. The highest selling price can reach 25,000/m2. In fact, the highest selling price is equivalent to the value of the store after 5 years or even 10 years. If a store investor invests in this atmosphere, its investment security will be reduced, and the investment income will probably be reduced from the store value-added plus the store rent.

On the control of the investment value of shops, this book will be introduced in later chapters.

(3), "convenient" shops-unpopular small-cap stocks

"Convenience-oriented" shops refer to small-area shops that mainly deal in food and daily necessities. , located around the community, in the community, in the office building, around the office building, to supplement the shortage of large department stores. The reason why it is called "convenience store" is because the goods it deals in belong to the "convenience" type, such as small supermarkets in office buildings, small supermarkets in apartment communities and dry cleaners in residential communities.

"Convenience-oriented" stores, in view of their functional characteristics and location characteristics, have not low operating income and belong to the type of store market segmentation. At present, there are many retailers engaged in "convenience" stores in China, and 7- 1 1 in the United States is a typical convenience store operator with a huge market scale.

"Convenience-oriented" shops are usually not very large, and they don't need to be very large from the perspective of operation, which undoubtedly reduces the requirements for investors' financial strength. In addition, in view of its strong adaptability, it is easier to rent, transfer and sublet, which embodies the characteristics of small-cap stocks in small shops. As the saying goes, the ship is easy to turn around!

The reason why "unpopular" is used to describe "convenient" shops is entirely because these shops belong to the market segmentation type, and many investors don't know much about them, but their investment value cannot be underestimated. In the following chapters, we will also introduce it in detail.

(4), professional market stores-high-tech stocks

A store in a specialized market refers to a commercial street or a store in a specialized market that deals in a certain commodity. The value of such shops is closely related to the products operated by commercial streets or professional markets.

For example, Beijing Zhongguancun Hailong Electronic Market is a professional market, specializing in computer sets, computer accessories, digital products, storage equipment, network equipment, computer consumables, software and so on. After a long period of successful operation, the current value of shops in Hailong Electronic Market is 80,000 RMB per square meter, and its investment value can be seen. From then on, it is not difficult to understand that professional market shops are called "high-tech stocks" of shops.

(5) Other stores-"general inventory"

Other shops refer to shops outside the above four categories, including department stores, supermarkets, shopping centers, commodity wholesale markets and shops in non-professional commercial streets. We call it "common stock", not because of its low investment value, but because such shops are usually invested and developed by large investment institutions and developers, mainly renting, and the space for retail investors to invest is relatively small. In addition, such projects are highly professional and the investment risks are difficult to control.

From the perspective of investment income, if the investors, developers and managers of such shops are professional enough and judge the project positioning, market scale and market strategy accurately enough, then the investment income of such shops will never be low. For example, the first and second phases of Beijing International Trade Mall have a total commercial area of 64,000 square meters. In terms of scale, Beijing, a market with fierce commercial competition, will obviously face greater competitive pressure. However, while maintaining the occupancy rate above 95%, its unit area rent level has been among the best in Beijing's commercial facilities. In other words, the shops in Beijing International Trade Mall have high investment value and belong to the "blue chip" in the shops.

From the above analysis, it can be seen that the value of shops will be greatly improved with the optimization of regional business environment, and they can be changed from "ordinary stocks" to "blue chips". It only depends on the developers and operators' accurate development judgment of the project, and it also takes time. Far-sighted shop investors are often good at grasping this kind of value enhancement and earning investment income.

3, according to the location of the store form classification.

According to the location of shops, shops can be divided into bunks and bunks. Let's introduce its concept and difference.

Paved house refers to a house with a facade facing the street, commonly known as a shop or a street shop. Generally speaking, bunk only refers to an independent unit or some independent kiosks and corners in the overall commercial properties such as large comprehensive department stores, hypermarkets, characteristic streets and shopping centers, commonly known as shops in stores. Due to the different properties of property itself, it will inevitably lead to its differences.

(1), uniqueness difference

Pavements usually occupy irreplaceable and unrepeatable unique advantages in the region, while there are dozens of bunks and hundreds of connected or similar replicas, so they lack unique advantages. For real estate, the unique geographical advantage means its good investment value.

(2) Differences in the limitations of commercial industries.

The business types and formats that berths can operate are completely restricted by the commercial property environment. For example, it is not allowed to operate clothing or food in professional building materials supermarkets. Storefront houses have much more flexibility in the choice of business types and formats, except that some special business formats cannot be operated in accordance with laws and regulations.

(3) differences in business hours

The business hours of the berth cannot be arbitrary. For example, asking a department store to close at 9: 00 p.m. and shopkeepers who want to do more business after 9: 00 p.m. are usually not allowed, and this will not happen in the front hall of the store. How late the operator works at night depends entirely on his own wishes.

(4), industry planning adjustment risk differences

The business scope and continuity of the berth are not only constrained by the municipal construction plan, but also adjusted by the commercial plan, so the risk is greater. It is not uncommon for a street in a large and medium-sized city in China to change from prosperous to empty overnight due to the need of planning adjustment.

(5) the difference of property execution cost.

For the implementation costs of the entire commercial property, such as air conditioning implementation, unified image publicity, advertising, organization of promotional activities and other cost sharing is not decided by the shop owners themselves. Therefore, the execution cost of bunk is usually higher than that of bunk.

(6) Differences in the scope of property leasing options

In contrast, the scope of rental customers for berth rental is narrow. At least people who are not familiar with the business and format of the berth will not rent this berth. Because the types and formats of shops can change at will with the changes of tenants, the scope of choosing tenants is much larger.

(7), investment risk differences

Today's so-called shops are hot, and the return on investment of shops is high. In the final analysis, shops are overheated. Because the price of sleeping berth has been fried. This hype process makes people see the way of "money" and taste the sweetness. For example, in a clothing market opened in a city in 2000, the price of shops has soared from the original 65,438+10,000 yuan to the current 500,000 yuan. In fact, anything hyped is not only risky, but also difficult to last. The higher the speculation, the greater the risk. Many people invest in bunk beds with the good wish of "one shop for three generations", but if they are not careful, they will inevitably fall into the trap of "one shop for three generations". The price of paved houses is much lower than that of bunks. Compared with the paved house, it can be said that the investment risk of the berth is not small.

In addition, it is worth reminding that the speculation of some berth lease rights is more risky.

(8) Differences in the difficulty of hype.

Another difference between paved houses and bunks is the difficulty of speculation. The berth is easy to be "copied", so it is easy to be hyped. There must be some hype. Too little can't be fried and too much can't be fried. But it was too late for the chicken and dog to ascend to heaven. From this perspective, the paved house is not easy to be hyped.

How many types of leaders are there? What are the characteristics? There are four main types. They are instructive, analytical, conceptual and behavioral.

Guiding characteristics: rationality, low fuzzy tolerance.

Analytical characteristics: rationality and high fuzzy tolerance.

Conceptual features: intuitive, with high tolerance for fuzziness.

Behavioral characteristics: intuition and low fuzzy tolerance.

Specifically, you can find books on management or organizational behavior to read ~ ~ ~

There are several types of indexes in VF. What are their characteristics? 1.Primary index-PRIMARY: This index is only used for database tables, and each table can only have one primary index. This index can determine the uniqueness of the table key (primary index). If you try to append a record with the same keyword, you will get an error.

2. Candidate index: Similar to the main index, but a database table can have multiple candidate indexes.

3.Common index-REGULAR: It can be used for database tables and single tables, allowing multiple duplicate keywords in the table.

4.Unique index-UNIQUE: the index based on the first occurrence value of the batch field (it seems incomprehensible, it is only for backward compatibility, so it can be omitted).

An index is like a table of contents of a book. A thick book, if you don't have a table of contents, it will take you a lot of time to look up a content. But with the table of contents, you can quickly know which page you want, and then you can easily find it.

What is an index? There are several types of indices. What are their characteristics? An index is a structure that sorts the values of one or more columns in a database table, such as the last name column in the employee table. If you want to query a specific employee by last name, the index will help you get this information faster instead of searching all the rows in the table.

An index is an independent physical database structure, which is a collection of one or more columns of values in a table and a list of corresponding logical indicators pointing to data pages that physically identify these values in the table. An index provides pointers to data values stored in a specified row of a table, and then sorts these pointers according to the sort order you specify. A database uses an index in a way similar to the way you use an index in a book: it searches the index for a specific value, and then follows the pointer to find the row containing that value. In the database diagram, you can create, edit or delete each index type in the index/key property page of the selected table. When you save a table with an index attached or a chart in which the table is located, the index will be stored in the database.

You can create an index based on one or more columns in a database table. A multi-column index allows you to distinguish rows in which one column may have the same value. Indexes are also helpful if you often search or sort by two or more columns at the same time. For example, if you often set conditions for last name and first name columns in the same query, it makes sense to build a multi-column index on these two columns. Determine the validity of the index: check the WHERE and JOIN clauses of the query. Every row contained in any clause is an object that can be selected by an index. Experiment with the new index and check its impact on the performance of executing queries. Consider the number of indexes that have been created on the table. It is best to avoid having many indexes on a table. Check the definition of the index that has been created on the table. It is best to avoid overlapping indexes that contain * * * columns. Check the number of unique data values in the column and compare it with the number of rows in the table. The result of the comparison is the selectivity of the column, which helps to determine whether the column is suitable for the index and, if so, the type of the index.

Advantages of indexing:

1. Greatly speeds up the retrieval of data;

2. Establish a unique index to ensure the uniqueness of each row of data in the database table;

3. Accelerate the connection between instruments;

4. When using grouping and sorting clauses for data retrieval, the time of grouping and sorting in the query can be significantly reduced.

Index type:

According to the function of database, you can create four kinds of indexes in database designer: unique index, non-unique index, primary key index and clustered index. Although a unique index helps locate information, it is recommended to use a primary key or a unique constraint for the best performance results.

Unique index:

A unique index refers to an index in which two rows are not allowed to have the same index value. When there are duplicate key values in existing data, most databases are not allowed to store newly created unique indexes with tables. The database can also prevent adding new data that would create duplicate key values in the table. For example, if a unique index is established on the employee's last name (lname) in the employee table, no two employees can have the same last name.

Non-unique index:

A non-unique index is a relatively unique index, allowing any two rows to have the same index value. When there are duplicate key values in the existing data, the database allows the newly created index to be stored with the table. At this point, the database cannot prevent adding new data that will create duplicate key values in the table.

Primary key index:

A database table usually has a column or a combination of columns whose values uniquely identify each row in the table. This column is called the primary key of the table. Defining a primary key for a table in a database diagram automatically creates a primary key index, which is a unique index of a specific type. Indexes require that each value in the primary key be unique. It also allows quick access to data when using a primary key index in a query.

A clustered index (also known as a clustered index):

In a clustered index, the physical order of rows in a table is the same as the logical (index) order of key values. A table can only contain one clustered index. If the index is not clustered, the physical order of rows in the table does not match the logical order of key values. Clustered indexes generally provide faster data access than nonclustered indexes.

How many kinds of fruit flies are there and what are their characteristics? Wild gray body with red eyes, straight bristles, long wings and round eyes.

Broken wings, gray body, red eye, straight mane, broken wings, round eyes

Three invisible gray bodies, white eyes, curly bristles, little wings and round eyes.

Ebony body, black body, red eyes, straight bristles, long wings and round eyes.

What are the characteristics of several types of adsorption? Water pollution controls the solute to move from water to the surface of solid particles and adsorb, which is the result of the interaction between water, solute and solid particles. The main reasons for adsorption are the hydrophobicity of solute to water and the high affinity of solute to solid particles. The solubility of solute is an important factor to determine the first reason. The greater the solubility of solute, the less likely it is to move to the surface. On the contrary, the greater the hydrophobicity of the solute, the greater the possibility of moving to the adsorption interface. The second reason of adsorption is mainly caused by electrostatic attraction, van der Waals attraction or chemical bond force between solute and adsorbent. Accordingly, adsorption can be divided into three basic types.

(1) exchange adsorption means that ions of solute gather on charged points on the surface of adsorbent due to electrostatic attraction and replace other ions originally fixed on these charged points. Generally speaking, ion exchange falls within this range. The important factors affecting the exchange adsorption potential are ion charge number and hydration radius.

(2) Physical adsorption refers to the adsorption between solute and adsorbent due to intermolecular force (van der Waals force). Its characteristic is that it has no selectivity, and the adsorbate is not fixed at a specific position on the surface of the adsorbent, but can move freely within the interface range, so its adsorption firmness is not as good as that of chemical adsorption. Physical adsorption mainly occurs at low temperature, and the process exothermic is small, about 42kj/mol or less, which can be monolayer or multi-molecular adsorption. The main factors affecting physical adsorption are the specific surface area and pore distribution of adsorbent.

(3) Chemical adsorption refers to a firm chemical reaction between solute and adsorbent.

Due to the adsorption of chemical bonds and surface complexes, adsorbate molecules cannot move freely on the surface. The heat released during adsorption is large, close to the reaction heat of chemical reaction, about 84 ~ 420 kj/mol. Chemical adsorption is selective, that is, an adsorbent only adsorbs certain or specific substances, usually single-layer adsorption. Usually a certain activation energy is needed, and the adsorption rate is small at low temperature. This adsorption is closely related to the surface chemical properties of adsorbent and the chemical properties of adsorbate.

Regeneration is easy after physical adsorption, and adsorbate can be recovered. Chemical adsorption is difficult to regenerate because of its firm combination, so it must be desorbed at high temperature. The desorbed substance may still be the original adsorbed substance or a new substance. It is safer to treat highly toxic pollutants by chemical adsorption.

In the actual adsorption process, the above adsorption often exists at the same time, and it is difficult to distinguish clearly. For example, after physical adsorption, the chemical bond of some substance molecules is lengthened, and even the chemical properties of this molecule are changed. Physical adsorption and chemical adsorption can also be transformed into each other under certain conditions. Physical adsorption of the same substance may occur at lower temperature, but chemical adsorption often occurs at higher temperature.

There are several types of frames in flash. What are their characteristics? Frame Normal frames, also known as static frames, display the contents of the last key frame in the same layer. On the time axis, the key frame must always be in front of the normal frame. The contents of the previous key frame are displayed in each subsequent normal frame until another key frame is reached.

Keyframes Keyframes are special frames used to define animation changes, including the movement and characteristics of objects (such as size and color), adding or deleting objects in the scene, and adding frame actions. Whenever the user wants to change the animation, or wants some actions to happen, he must use keyframes.

Blank keyframes are similar to keyframes, except that they are inserted without objects and are blank!

How many kinds of LCD interfaces are there? What are the characteristics of each type? There are many kinds, including EDP interface, MIPI interface, RGB interface and LVDS interface. The characteristics are that small interfaces are generally medium-sized EDP and LVDS multipoint in RGB and MIPI interfaces.

What are the temperament types of boys? What are their characteristics? 1, decadent

Girls' favorite. Decadent, as you can imagine, tall and thin. When waiting for someone, I will squat down and smoke. When walking, I will put my chin in my collar, walk with my hands in my pockets, and play with my guitar in the corner at night. I feel a little hopeless and indifferent.

Charm is just right: hopeless boys are the satisfaction of girls' inner rebellious desires.

Disadvantages: there is no hope, no future, Mm should be careful of the consequences!

2. Sunshine Sports

There are not a few girls who like this type, most boys are not, but there are not many classics. You must be tall and good at a certain sport, especially basketball. Dress is a leisure sport, and shoes should be Nike/Adidas/Puma, etc. A big boy with a sweet smile.

Charm fit point: a typical student type, and any kind of Mm will attract attention in the sports field or sports meeting, and girls will feel very proud with this kind of boy.

Disadvantages: This kind of handsome guy is arrogant and self-righteous, but ugly girls are not so easy to get.

3. Humorous type

To put it bluntly, he is a poor mouth. Such people are easy to approach. With him, there will be constant laughter, and two people will not be embarrassed together. Quick thinking, thick-skinned, articulate.

Charm is right: with him, life will not be boring, and people can become young.

Disadvantages: Be careful when eating with him. The jokes that pop up from time to time make us laugh wildly unprepared, which is detrimental to our lady image.

4, cold type

This handsome guy is arrogant, inaccessible and psychologically abnormal, but he is not so indifferent to the girls he likes. Therefore, you should have proud capital, be good at a certain skill, dress tastefully and be smart.

Charm is just right: the more mysterious things are, the more attractive they are.

Disadvantages: If you are not the person he likes, you may get the cold shoulder. Once you take care of him, many people will drop their glasses and become invisible.

5, romantic type

Women like romance at heart, but few boys know romance and are willing to spend their energy on it. Mm should cherish it! Romance doesn't have to be built with money, as long as you have the heart. Therefore, be creative, imaginative, popular (many things can only be done with the help of brothers), and be willing to do it.

Charm fit point: hehe! I don't need to tell you.

Disadvantages: it is easy to catch up with the girl you like (there is no girl who is not interested), because it is easy, can it be a playboy?

6, naive type

Girls are cute, boys will like it, boys are cute, girls will like it? Many girls like mature ones, but it's not bad to try this type. At least it's simple enough, it won't lie to you and it won't be glib. You should have a tender face, a sincere extension, like and be keen on everything you like, and you won't feel that you are behind the times.

Charm fit point: single-minded and simple.

Disadvantages: Sometimes you have a small temper, sometimes you will cry and laugh, which is not suitable for girls with young psychological age.

7. Change

This kind of boy has experienced many changes, especially emotional changes. He sees everything thoroughly and has rich experience, and even listening to his stories is a very good thing. It has a mature taste and is not interested in what is popular at present.

Charm fit: very delicious.

Disadvantages: more practical, will not accompany you crazy, lack of enthusiasm.

8. Port type

Who doesn't want someone to rely on? Most of these boys are good people who follow you everywhere. Women like to be hurt and taken care of, but they are not attached to such people, and most of them are brothers. They have good grades, good family background, generous people, ideas, and silently pay attention to the people they like.

Charm is right: easy to accommodate people.

Disadvantages: a little dull, uninspired and unattractive.

There are several types of timers. What are their characteristics?