Commencement report

Can I write a construction opening report? Below I have compiled the opening report of building construction, and welcome everyone to read for reference!

Summary of construction opening report: This paper analyzes the shortcomings existing in the management and maintenance of highway engineering machinery construction equipment, and puts forward improvement and perfection measures, including improving the ideological understanding of equipment management and maintenance, strictly implementing various systems of equipment management and maintenance, clarifying responsibilities, improving the quality of management and maintenance personnel, strengthening the management and maintenance of engineering machinery and equipment on the construction site, optimizing the management and maintenance system, paying attention to dynamic management and maintenance, and further improving the management and maintenance level of mechanical equipment.

Keywords: highway engineering; Mechanical construction equipment; Management and maintenance

introduce

Highway engineering construction is a systematic and complicated work. In order to ensure the construction progress, it is necessary to use mechanical equipment in the construction process. At the same time, in order to promote the effective play of mechanical equipment, it is necessary to strengthen the management and maintenance of equipment. There are many factors that affect the management and maintenance of highway engineering machinery construction equipment, such as construction site conditions, management and maintenance personnel, management and maintenance system, etc. With the increasing number of highway engineering construction and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, it is undoubtedly of great practical significance to strengthen the management and maintenance of mechanical equipment and improve the management and maintenance level. Although the construction unit pays attention to management and maintenance at present, due to the lax implementation of relevant systems, some staff members are not responsible for management and maintenance, which still leads to defects and deficiencies in management and maintenance. Further improvement and perfection measures should be taken to prevent quality and safety accidents of construction machinery and equipment, reduce unnecessary losses, ensure the construction progress and improve the construction efficiency of highway engineering.

1, Frequently Asked Questions on Management and Maintenance of Construction Equipment of Highway Engineering Machinery

The management and maintenance of mechanical equipment is an important work in highway engineering construction. Doing this work well can ensure that the mechanical equipment is in a good performance state and realize the effective prevention of quality and safety accidents. And promote the improvement of mechanical equipment management and maintenance level, promote the effective implementation of various system measures, and improve the sense of responsibility of management and maintenance personnel. It can also nip equipment failures and safety accidents in the bud, avoid unnecessary losses, ensure the construction progress and promote the improvement of highway engineering quality.

1. 1 Thought is not taken seriously enough.

Some construction units will focus on market expansion, speed up the construction progress and improve the efficiency of project construction. Insufficient attention was paid to the management and maintenance of mechanical equipment, and effective management and maintenance measures were not taken in combination with specific needs. The management and maintenance system has not been strictly implemented, and the corresponding funds and equipment management and maintenance investment are insufficient, which restricts the smooth progress of construction and may also bring unnecessary losses to highway construction. In addition, although highway engineering supervision has played a very important role in ensuring construction safety and improving equipment performance, there are still problems and deficiencies. Generally speaking, it is manifested in the following aspects: the responsibilities and obligations of management and maintenance units and staff are not specified in detail, the status of management and maintenance is not clearly defined, its functions are not fully determined, and its role is not clearly understood, resulting in the management and maintenance of mechanical equipment is not in place.

1.2 Management and maintenance measures have not been implemented.

Although highway construction units have generally established the management and maintenance system of mechanical equipment, the management and maintenance objectives, processes and responsibilities of relevant staff are clearly defined. However, due to the weak sense of responsibility of management and maintenance personnel, these system measures have not been strictly implemented, and effective management and maintenance methods of mechanical equipment have not been adopted during construction, so it is difficult to find hidden dangers of equipment in time, which is not conducive to improving management and maintenance level. In addition, mechanical equipment failure prevention work is not in place. When some construction workers entered the site for construction, they did not operate the machinery and equipment strictly according to the specification requirements, and the preventive maintenance and routine inspection and maintenance were not enough. The management and maintenance of the construction site were not in place, and there were potential safety hazards, which restricted the effective play of machinery and equipment.

1.3 Deficiencies in equipment management and maintenance

In order to ensure the safety of highway construction, it is necessary to strengthen the management and maintenance of mechanical equipment and implement the management and maintenance system. The management and maintenance system has played an important role in ensuring the project quality and construction period, and has also been widely recognized by the society. However, these systems have not been effectively implemented, facing many problems, and the management and maintenance of mechanical equipment are facing more problems and more severe challenges. For example, the business competition of construction units is becoming more and more fierce. With the establishment of management and maintenance system, the number of construction units is increasing, and the business competition between them is becoming more and more fierce. In this case, the construction unit has to explore new ways and means to occupy a favorable position in the competition and promote its own development, which may neglect the maintenance and management of mechanical equipment. However, the quality of mechanical equipment management and maintenance personnel in some construction units is not high, which is mainly manifested in the lack of professional knowledge, practical experience, low professional quality and failure to perform their duties seriously, which affects the improvement of mechanical equipment management and maintenance level.

2, highway engineering machinery construction equipment management and maintenance suggestions.

In order to effectively deal with the shortage of management and maintenance of highway engineering machinery construction equipment, combined with the specific situation of highway engineering construction, the author believes that the following measures should be taken to improve and perfect.

2. 1 Improve the ideological understanding of equipment management and maintenance.

The construction unit and relevant leaders should improve their ideological understanding of the management and maintenance of mechanical equipment and realize the significance of strengthening this work to promote the smooth progress of construction and improve the quality and efficiency of engineering construction. And formulate and improve the management and maintenance measures of mechanical equipment, increase support in terms of funds and personnel, and lay a good foundation for improving the management and maintenance level.

2.2 Strictly implement various systems of equipment management and maintenance.

Combined with the needs of highway engineering construction, improve the system and measures of mechanical equipment management and maintenance, promote the smooth construction, and promote the institutionalization and standardization of management and maintenance. At the same time, it is also necessary to clarify the responsibilities of relevant units and staff, strictly implement various institutional measures for management and maintenance, establish a strict responsibility system, effectively implement the system, promote the continuous improvement of the management and maintenance level of mechanical equipment, and give full play to the comprehensive performance of mechanical equipment. Pay attention to the management of mechanical equipment and make reasonable arrangements to meet the construction needs. Pay attention to the application of various testing equipment and testing methods, master the basic situation of equipment operation, and improve the management and maintenance effect of mechanical equipment. Strengthen the inspection of mechanical equipment, carry out on-site inspection and patrol, eliminate hidden dangers in time, and promote the comprehensive performance of mechanical equipment to get the best play.

2.3 clear responsibilities, improve the quality of management and maintenance personnel.

The main duties of the management and maintenance of highway engineering construction machinery and equipment are: to be responsible for the inspection and patrol of construction machinery and equipment, to carry out regular and irregular inspections, to master the basic situation of equipment operation, to find and deal with existing defects in time, and to make the machinery and equipment run and play a better role. Therefore, the management and maintenance of mechanical equipment should run through the whole process of engineering construction, which is of great significance to ensure the safe and orderly progress of highway construction, promote employees to abide by the regulations of management and maintenance, and ensure the quality and efficiency of highway engineering. Combined with the actual situation of highway engineering construction, the following measures can be taken to implement management and maintenance measures: introducing and cultivating high-quality management and maintenance talents to continuously improve the quality of employees. Strengthen the professional ethics construction of highway construction management and maintenance personnel, continuously improve the professional ethics level of staff, and manage and maintain machinery and equipment in strict accordance with rules and regulations. Strengthen the construction of management and maintenance team, establish a high-quality and high-level work team, and provide guarantee for improving the management and maintenance level of mechanical equipment. Pay attention to the training of construction personnel, so that they can operate in strict accordance with the requirements of the specification to prevent failures.

2.4 Strengthen the management and maintenance of engineering machinery and equipment on the construction site.

Pay attention to the management training of equipment management and maintenance personnel, improve safety awareness, carry out equipment maintenance in strict accordance with the requirements of specifications, and find and deal with existing defects in time. Improve various institutional measures for the management and maintenance of mechanical equipment. In fact, the management and maintenance of highway engineering machinery and equipment are facing many problems and challenges. In view of these problems and challenges, combined with the actual situation of highway engineering construction, improve ideological understanding and ensure that mechanical equipment is in good performance and working condition. Strengthening the patrol and inspection of highway construction site, carrying out regular and irregular inspections, and doing a good job in daily inspection of construction machinery and equipment to ensure that the equipment is in good performance and running state are conducive to ensuring the construction progress and improving the quality and efficiency of engineering construction. Establish and implement mechanical equipment management and maintenance measures, eliminate various hidden dangers in time, and promote the improvement of mechanical equipment management and maintenance level.

2.5 Optimize the management and maintenance system and pay attention to dynamic management and maintenance.

For example, optimize the management and maintenance system of mechanical equipment, fully grasp the status quo of management and maintenance, and clarify the management and maintenance tasks. Improve the management and maintenance plan, clarify the organizational functions of management and maintenance, improve the corresponding reporting mechanism, take prevention and control measures in advance, reduce the probability of safety accidents of on-site mechanical equipment, improve the pre-control ability of safety accidents, and effectively prevent the occurrence of safety accidents of mechanical equipment. It is very necessary to manage and maintain the mechanical equipment dynamically. It is necessary to strengthen the investigation of the basic situation on site and use information technology and modern computer technology to manage and maintain dynamically. Establish a database of mechanical equipment management and maintenance, fully grasp the basic situation and current situation, and analyze relevant data, so as to provide reference and basis for improving and perfecting the management and maintenance system and provide effective data and technical support for improving the management and maintenance level of mechanical equipment.

3. Conclusion

This paper mainly studies the management and maintenance measures of highway engineering machinery and equipment. The management and maintenance of mechanical equipment is a systematic and complicated work, involving all aspects of the project. In engineering construction, we should do a good job in management and maintenance, and attach importance to the effective application of management and maintenance measures. But there are still many aspects worth studying and improving. For example, the establishment of management and maintenance early warning mechanism and the implementation of dynamic management and maintenance need to be deeply studied and discussed, and applied to management and maintenance practice to further improve the management and maintenance level of mechanical equipment.

References:

Cao Lin. Common Problems in Management and Maintenance of Highway Construction Machinery [J]. Automobile Maintenance, 20 15 (2): 2-3.

[2] Zhang Qingjiang. On the management and maintenance of construction equipment of highway engineering machinery [J]. Jiangxi Building Materials, 20 16 (3): 202-203.

[3] Cao Minghui. Management of machinery and equipment in highway engineering construction [J]. Construction machinery technology and management, 20 1 1 (3): 145-47.

[4] Liu Yifeng, Teng Jugen. Analysis on Maintenance and Management of Highway Engineering Machinery and Equipment [J]. China Hi-tech Enterprise, 2015 (6):119-120.

Building construction 2 1 opening report. Background of graduation project (thesis) (including literature review)

With the rapid growth of the national economy and the continuous improvement of the level of science and technology, since the 1980s, the speed of urban construction in China has become faster and faster, and the process of building water supply and drainage has also been accelerated. Its development process can be roughly divided into three stages: first, the stage of housing hygiene technology and equipment is the initial stage. Second, the indoor water supply and drainage stage is a reflection stage. Third, the stage of building water supply and drainage is the stage of development.

With the development of urban construction and tourism, in recent years, many large, medium and small cities in China have built and planned many civil public buildings and residential buildings with more than ten floors. For high-rise buildings, the requirements for water supply, water pressure, water supply safety and drainage reliability are high. Therefore, the indoor water supply and drainage and fire water supply projects of high-rise buildings put forward higher requirements than the general indoor water supply and drainage projects in terms of design, construction and selection of materials and equipment.

The basic theory and calculation method of water supply and drainage engineering in high-rise buildings are the same in some aspects compared with common multi-storey buildings and low-rise buildings. However, the water supply and drainage engineering of high-rise buildings is beyond the scope of water supply and drainage engineering of low-rise buildings in terms of technical depth and breadth because of its many floors, high building height, wide building functions, complex building structure and complex external conditions. It also has the following characteristics: there are a large number of users of water supply and drainage equipment in high-rise buildings, the instantaneous water supply and drainage flow depends on the water source, the economical and reasonable water supply and drainage system form, the ventilation problem of drainage pipes should be properly handled to ensure safe and reliable water supply, smooth drainage and convenient maintenance and management. The main features of water supply and drainage engineering of high-rise buildings are introduced as follows:

High-rise buildings have many floors and large heights. The hydrostatic pressure in water supply system and hot water system is very high. In order to ensure that the pipes and fittings are not damaged, it is necessary to vertically separate the water supply system from the hot water system, and add decompression equipment and intermediate and roof water tanks to make the system run well.

High-rise buildings have complex functions, and there is a great possibility of fire. After the fire, it spreads rapidly, and it is difficult to evacuate and put out the fire. Therefore, it is necessary to set up a safe and reliable indoor fire water supply system to meet the requirements of all kinds of fire fighting, and the design of fire water supply should focus on self-rescue to ensure the timely extinguishing of fires and prevent major accidents.

High-rise buildings have high requirements for noise prevention and earthquake prevention, but there are many kinds of indoor pipes and equipment, long pipes and many noise sources and seismic sources. Measures such as earthquake prevention, settlement prevention, noise prevention, water hammer prevention, pipeline expansion and displacement prevention and overpressure prevention must be considered. Ensure that the pipeline does not leak, does not damage the building structure and decoration, does not affect the surrounding environment, and makes the system run safely.

1. 1 design method of water supply and drainage engineering for high-rise buildings

In recent years, with the rapid development of high-rise building industry, the design method of building water supply and drainage engineering is constantly improving and updating.

1. 1. 1 domestic water supply for high-rise buildings

First of all, the research on the calculation method of design second flow of domestic water supply for high-rise buildings has been going on. Empirical method, probability method, Coleski decomposition and other calculation methods are constantly revised and improved. Researchers have tried many times to replace cholesky decomposition with scientific probability method.

Secondly, the frequency conversion and constant pressure speed regulation water supply technology is becoming more and more mature, and the use of pressure reducing valve improves the situation of "secondary pollution of water quality" and "large area of water tank" in the original mode of "water tank-water pump combined water supply" and "water tank decompression" in high-rise buildings, and also achieves energy-saving effect. Thirdly, in terms of water storage, the design method of jointly building water tanks has been less and less adopted, and it has been replaced by the design method of building domestic water tanks and fire water tanks separately. Among them, most domestic water tanks tend to use combined water tanks such as stainless steel plates.

1. 1.2 fire water supply for high-rise buildings

First of all, because the fire fighting feature of high-rise buildings is "self-rescue", the design of automatic sprinkler system has been paid more attention, and the new Code for Design of Automatic Sprinkler System has been promulgated and implemented in July 20001year. The new code has made some adjustments in the setting of site danger level, the design of foundation parameters and the hydraulic calculation of pipelines. These adjustments are the result of injecting valuable experience gained from designers' work research and practice in recent years and drawing lessons from foreign engineering design experience.

Secondly, the fire hydrant water supply system is also a beneficial attempt and application of frequency conversion and grading water supply. In addition, the stable high-pressure fire water supply system designed to ensure the fire water pressure and water quantity in the early stage of high-rise building fire was first applied in Shanghai, and then gradually popularized in various places. Its calculation and design methods are gradually mature, and some people even suggest that the stable high-pressure fire water supply system should be listed separately in the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings to distinguish the original normal high-pressure fire water supply system from the temporary high-pressure fire water supply system.

1. 1.3 high-rise building drainage

The transportation of drainage is not limited to gravity flow and pressure flow, and siphon outflow appears in the rainwater drainage system of pressure (siphon) roof. On the noise control of drainage plastic pipes, we can achieve certain results by changing the water flow state, changing the pipeline structure, or both.

1.2 main contents of water supply and drainage design for high-rise buildings

Architecture has also developed rapidly, and various engineering designs are rich in content. The main contents of water supply and drainage design of high-rise buildings are:

1.2. 1 Main contents of water supply engineering design

The main contents of water supply engineering design for high-rise buildings include: calculation of water consumption, determination of water supply mode, arrangement of pipeline equipment, hydraulic calculation of pipelines and calculation of indoor water pressure, determination of volume and structural dimensions of pools and water tanks, determination of flow rate, pump head and model, selection of materials and models of pipeline equipment, drawing of construction drawings and construction requirements.

1.2.2 Main contents of indoor fire protection design

The main contents of indoor fire protection design of high-rise buildings include: fire hydrant system, automatic sprinkler system, carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system, dry powder fire extinguishing system, halon fire extinguishing system (now not allowed), steam fire extinguishing system, smoke fire extinguishing system, etc. There are mainly fire hydrant systems and automatic sprinkler systems with water as fire extinguishing agent. Automatic sprinkler system is divided into close system (including wet, dry, pre-action and repeated opening and closing pre-action systems), rain system, water curtain system and automatic sprinkler foam composite system. Among them, the wet automatic sprinkler system in close system is the most commonly used.

The design of fire hydrant water supply system includes the determination of fire water consumption: the determination of fire water supply mode: the location of fire hydrants, the number and model of fire hydrants; Determine the volume of fire pool and water tank; Hydraulic calculation of fire pipeline and fire water pressure calculation; Determination of flow, lift, model and pressure stabilizing system of fire pump; Determination of fire fighting system: construction drawing and construction requirements of fire hydrant water supply system. The design of automatic sprinkler system includes: scheme determination; Determination of water supply mode: nozzle arrangement; Determination of nozzle model; Hydraulic calculation of pipe network; Selection of alarm valve and water flow indicator; Determination of flow, lift, model and pressure stabilizing system of self-priming pump; Determination of automatic control system; Construction drawing and construction requirements of automatic sprinkler system.

1.2.3 Main contents of drainage engineering design

The design contents of drainage engineering for high-rise buildings include: determination of drainage system, determination of drainage scheme, layout of drainage pipeline system, hydraulic calculation of drainage pipeline and calculation of drainage ventilation system, selection and layout of sanitary equipment, local sewage treatment, selection of structures, determination of roof rainwater drainage system, finalization of drainage pipeline, drawing of drainage system construction drawing and construction requirements.

1.3 development of water supply and drainage system for high-rise buildings

In recent years, with the rapid development of high-rise buildings, building water supply and drainage technology has also been developed accordingly, and some new technologies, new equipment and new materials have been widely used in engineering.

1.3. 1 drainage and ventilation technology

The main purpose is to provide the escape of gas in drainage and achieve the function of ventilation; Prevent negative siphon and positive splash of water seal in drainage system to ensure air circulation; Quickly keep the drainage smooth and quiet. In China, five standards have been established that can adapt to different building standards and different requirements, namely, extended ceiling ventilation pipes, non-extended ceiling ventilation pipes, professional ventilation risers, circular ventilation pipes and appliance ventilation pipes. Ventilation valve is a valve with ventilation function, which can reduce ceiling ventilation and replace special ventilation pipes. It is made of high quality plastic and rubber.

1.3.2 automatic sprinkler technology

In recent years, China has established the principle of gradual transition from hydrant water supply system to automatic sprinkler system. The development of high-rise, super-high-rise and large-scale industrial buildings has strengthened the application of automatic sprinkler technology. Automatic sprinkler heads are not only installed in fire-prone areas, evacuation passages and crowded places, but also spread in fire spreading passages, which makes the fire difficult to be found, and extinguishes the fire-prone areas and places that need water spraying and cooling protection, which makes the fire extinguishing more timely and quickly. This is also an important measure for China's fire water supply system setting standards to gradually integrate with developed countries. In high-rise buildings, for glass curtain wall, atrium cloister, escalator entrance and common fire shutter, the sprinkler encryption method is used instead of water curtain. The elevated warehouse introduced foreign large-scale water drop nozzles and ESFR nozzles, and introduced the purpose of sprinkler from "fire control" to "fire fighting". In addition, in high-rise buildings with the building height exceeding 100m, corresponding fire prevention measures have been taken, such as setting refuge floors and setting helipads on the refuge floors and roofs. , and equipped with corresponding fire water supply facilities.

1.4 summary

Residential water supply and drainage system seems simple, but it is closely related to our daily life. As an engineering designer, adhering to the principles of technology, safety and economy, we strive to innovate in practice, seek the best water supply and drainage design scheme, adapt to the new requirements of residential design development, and meet the people's constantly improving material and cultural requirements.

Second, the graduation design (thesis) scheme introduction (main content)

Design and compilation of water supply and drainage and fire protection construction drawings, preliminary design description and expansion of system calculation for water supply and drainage and fire protection design of Yida Building in Lishui City; Foreign language translation.

This project is characterized by a high-rise building integrating office, hotel, business and underground garage. Basement is garage, pool and pump room, power distribution room, heat exchange room, fan room, etc. There is a business entrance on the first floor, business on the first to second floors, and a large office meeting room on the third floor. The fourth to fifteenth floors are hotel-style office buildings.

The water supply and drainage and fire fighting system of this building is characterized by small floor space, that is, the base is not large, but it needs to design sprinklers, fire hydrants and hot water. The building has complex functions, and underground parking lots, commercial buildings, large-space office buildings and hotel-style office buildings all have high fire protection requirements. The whole automatic sprinkler system can be designed according to the medium risk level control, and the equipment selection can be carried out. The arrangement spacing of nozzles can be carried out according to medium risk level 2 and medium risk level 1 respectively.

In this design, it is planned to adopt the mode of district water supply. The pumps are connected in parallel, and the municipal pipe network directly supplies water below the third floor, and the pumps on the fourth to fifteenth floors are connected in parallel. The fourth to ninth floors and the tenth to fifteenth floors are respectively a district to supply water up and down. The hot water supply mode is centralized hot water supply system, which adopts mechanical full circulation pipe network for circulation, and the partition is consistent with the water supply partition. The drainage of this building adopts sewage and waste diversion type, and the sewage is collected, treated by septic tank and discharged into municipal pipe network. Roof rainwater adopts gravity rainwater drainage system. An independent rainwater drainage system is set outdoors. Rainwater is discharged into the municipal rainwater pipe network nearby. The fire fighting system in this design is complicated, and the outdoor fire fighting water is supplied by the municipal pipe network. There is a water pump adapter outdoors. Automatic sprinkler system is set from the basement to the top floor, and automatic sprinkler system of spray pump is set. The automatic sprinkler system is divided into an area according to the basement level, with eight to fifteen floors. The fire hydrant system is a non-partitioned fire hydrant water supply system with a high water tank. The building is also equipped with fire extinguishers, which are arranged according to the medium risk level.

Three, the main references of graduation project (thesis)

[1] edited by Wang Zeng. Building water supply and drainage engineering. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 1998 56~65.

[2] Design drawings and related materials provided by architecture specialty.

Li Jinxing. Zhang. Drawing and construction of water supply and drainage engineering. Hefei: Anhui Science and Technology Press, 1992, 87~92.

[4] Thanks. Yuan. Building water supply and drainage and fire fighting engineering. Hunan: Hunan University Press, 2003, 32~45.

[5] China Institute of Building Standards Design and Research? Combined version of water supply and drainage standard atlas S 1 (below)? Beijing: China Institute of Building Standards Design and Research, 2002? p65-3 12

[6] Huang Xiaojia. Thoughts on several problems of building water supply and drainage. Water supply and drainage, 1999, 13 (8): 43 ~ 46.

[7] money? High-rise building water supply and drainage engineering? Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 1990? Related chapters

[8] Code for Design of Water Spray Fire Extinguishing System (GB502 19-95)

[9] Zhao Li. Hot water system design of residential buildings, water supply and drainage, 2005, 53~56.

[10] china municipal engineering Northwest Design and Research Institute? Water supply and drainage design manual 1 1 (general equipment)? Second edition? Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 200 1? Related chapters

Liu Wenyong. Manual for rapid design of water supply and drainage engineering. First edition. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 1998.

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