The ancient and modern history and alias of Jinan

Jinan, also known as "Spring City", is the capital of Shandong Province, one of the 15 sub-provincial cities in China, the headquarters of the Army in the Northern Theater, one of the five major theaters of China People's Liberation Army, and the political, cultural and educational center of Shandong Province. Jinan is known as the "Spring City" in China because of its numerous springs, and it is also known as "Lotus on four sides and willow on three sides, with mountains in one city and lakes in half the city". It is a national historical and cultural city.

Jinan has a long history and is the birthplace of prehistoric culture "Longshan Culture". There are ruins of Chengziya in Neolithic Age in this area, including the Great Wall of Qi before Qin Changcheng, as well as the painted Luohan in Song Dynasty and the Giant Buddha in Sui Dynasty (located in the Giant Buddha Village in Licheng District, built in Sui Dynasty, which is the largest Buddha statue in Shandong). China's first collection of poems, The Book of Songs, contains Tan Ren's satirical poem Dadong, which is the earliest extant document about Jinan. 1986 12 was declared as a national historical and cultural city by the State Council.

Shun (about the 22nd century BC) once "fished and plowed in Lishan". Lishan is the Qianfo Mountain in the south of Lixia District, Jinan City. Therefore, there are various names scattered in cities named after Shun, such as Shungeng Road, Shunhua Road and Shungeng Mountain.

In the Shang Dynasty, which entered the slave society, the social productive forces were highly developed. In the area of Chengziya, Tan Kingdom was established. At the end of Shang Dynasty, the word "Lu (Ⅱ)" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions when the barbarians conquered Dongyi represented Baotu Spring today, thus tracing the historical record of Jinan Spring back to 3552 years ago (namely 1542 BC).

After the founding of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the enfeoffment system was implemented, and Jinan belonged to Qi State. At this point, Tan Guo still exists. One of China's first poetry anthology, The Book of Songs, is Dadong, which is the earliest extant document about Jinan in China. The author is a doctor in Tan Guo.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, great changes have taken place in society, and slave society began to transition to feudal society. Jinan belongs to Qi State, and Jinan is a city of Qi State. Later, the State of Qi changed Luoyi to Lixia, and the famous battle of Qi and Jin took place in Ma 'anshan area in the south of Jinan.

Qin: After Qin Shihuang unified the world, the county system was established. Today, Jinan City belongs to Jibei County, which is called Li Xiayi.

2 100 years ago, the Han Dynasty changed its name to Jinan (Historical Records). It is named because it is located in the south of Jishui, one of the four ancient blasphemies (the old road is bounded by the Yellow River today). The establishment of Jinan County is the beginning of a "Jinan". Jinan County is located in Dongping Mausoleum (now Ping Ling City, Zhangqiu District). In the sixteenth year of Emperor Wendi of the Western Han Dynasty (BC 164), Jinan County was established as Jinan State, and its jurisdiction was about Lixia District, Shizhong District, tianqiao district, Huaiyin District, Licheng District, Changqing District, Zhangqiu District, Jiyang County and Zouping County of Binzhou City. In the third year of Emperor Jingdi (BC 155), Liu Biguang, king of Jinan, was punished for rebellion, and the whole country was divided into counties. Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty moved to Licheng County (now downtown Jinan).

The Eastern Han Dynasty was the country of Jinan. At the time of Lingdi, Cao Cao was the Prime Minister of Jinan, and his political achievements were remarkable.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Jinan was in a state of war. During the Jin Yongjia period (307 ~ 3 12), the county administration of Jinan was moved from Dongping Mausoleum to Licheng. Since then, Licheng has become the political center of Jinan.

In the 9th year of Yuanjia in the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 432), Jizhou was ruled by overseas Chinese and belonged to Jinan County. In the first year of Huangxing in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 467), it was renamed Qixian County.

The Sui Dynasty abandoned the county for three years, and changed Jin 'an County to qi zhou, which governs Licheng and other counties 10, and the place of governance is still in Licheng. At the beginning of the great cause, Qi County was restored. In the first year of Tang Wude (6 18), Qixian was changed to set up the general manager's office the following year. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), the governor's office was removed, and in the seventh year of Zhenguan, the governor's office was restored. Tianbao period, renamed Linzi County, Jin 'an County, Gan Yuan first year (758) renamed qi zhou.

In the third year of Song Dao (AD 997), China was divided into 15 Road, and Jin 'an belonged to JD.COM Road, namely qi zhou (Song History). In the sixth year of Huisong Zhenghe (AD 1 1 16), qi zhou was promoted to Ji 'nan Prefecture, governing five counties including Licheng, Yucheng, Zhangqiu, Changqing and Linyi, and establishing Licheng, which was the beginning of government administration. Known as the "land of culture" (Jinan Er 'an) and "land of plenty", it is one of the most heavily taxed areas in China.

Jin still lives in Jinan and belongs to Shandong East Road, commanding Licheng, Linyi, Qihe, Zhangqiu, Yucheng, Changqing and Jiyang counties. At this time, Xiaoqing River was dug in the north of the city, leading directly to the sea, making Jinan an important salt distribution center, which had a great impact on the local economic development in later generations.

At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, it was changed to Jinan Road, which belonged to the "belly" area of Yuan Dynasty. Zhili is located in Zhongshu Province, and is in charge of Licheng, Zhangqiu, Zouping and Jiyang counties, and Di and Bin counties. Dizhou Zhiji (now Huimin County) governs four counties: Jiji, Shanghe, Yangxin and Wudi. Binzhou governs the Bohai Sea (now Binzhou City) and three counties: Bohai Sea, Lijin and Zhanhua.

During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Jinan was also the hometown of cultural prosperity. Yuan Haowen, a writer, once wrote praises such as "admiring the beauty of Jinan's mountains and rivers" and "being a caring Jinan person".

In the early Ming Dynasty, it was still Jinan Prefecture, which belonged to Shandong Province (hereinafter referred to as the provincial government). In the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), the provincial capital moved from Qingzhou to Jinan, and Jinan became the capital of Shandong Province, where the political department, commander-in-chief and provincial hospital were stationed.

In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Taian, Wuding and Binzhou were separated from Jinan and upgraded to Zhili. Xintai, Laiwu, Changqing, Yangxin, Haifeng, Laoling, Shanghe, Lijin, Zhanhua and Putai 10 counties belong to three states. During Guangxu period, Jinan still governed Licheng, Zhangqiu, Zouping, Zichuan, Changshan, Xincheng, Qihe, Qidong, Jiyang, Yucheng, Linyi, Changqing, Lingxian, Deping, Pingyuan and Dezhou 15 counties. Since Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jinan Prefecture has been the seat of Shandong Province.

1840 After the Opium War, China became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and imperialist powers flooded into China, killing and plundering, and Jinan was not spared. 1904, Jinan opened its own commercial port.

With the expansion of urban area, industry and commerce have developed greatly. 19 1 1 At the end of the year, the Yellow River Bridge of Jinpu Railway was completed and opened to traffic, and Jinan became a north-south transportation hub.

After the founding of the Republic of China, the government was changed to Tao. Jinan was originally Dai North Road, and 19 14 was renamed Jinan Road. 192 1 In the spring of, Wang Jinmei and Deng Enming established the * * * production group in Jinan, becoming one of the earliest * * * production organizations in China.

1On May 3rd, 928, the Japanese army created the May 3rd massacre in Jinan, and Jinan 12000 people were killed. On this day every year, Jinan, including all districts and counties, will sound an air defense alarm as a commemoration.

1938, after the Japanese army invaded Jinan, it was divided into 1 1 zones, which were called Inner East Zone, Inner West Zone, Outer East Zone, Outer West Zone, Commercial East Zone, Commercial West Zone, Commercial Middle Zone, Dongxiang District, Nanxiang District, Xixiang District and Beixiang District. 1After Japan surrendered in 945, there was still 1 1 area with a total area of 177.62 square kilometers.

On June 1945, He Siyuan secretly entered Shandong and returned to Jinan on September 1. After he returned to Jinan, He Siyuan first moved the government organs of the Kuomintang in Shandong Province, which was far away from Fuyang, back to Jinan and took over the puppet regime of Japan in Shandong under the control of the Kuomintang.

1948 On September 27th, China People's Liberation Army liberated Jinan and established Jinan Special City. [8]? On June 24th, Xinhua News Agency broadcast the results of the battle of Jinan 10: 22423 Kuomintang troops were killed and 6 1873 people were captured. Wang Wuyao [1 1]? . The Associated Press commented: "From now on, the * * * production party can go wherever it wants and attack any city, and nothing can stop it. ? "

1May, 949, changed to Jinan. Jurisdiction over the first to eleventh *** 1 1 areas. 1950, changed to 6 in the urban area and 5 in the suburbs. 195 1 04 17 abolished the towns directly under its jurisdiction and established six suburbs. 1954 was merged and adjusted into five districts: urban and suburban.

After the founding of New China, Shandong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, Shandong Provincial People's Congress, Shandong Provincial People's Government, Shandong Provincial Political Consultative Conference, jinan military area command and Shandong Provincial Military Region organs, and China People's Bank Jinan Branch were all located in Jinan, and Jinan continued to maintain its position as the political and economic center of Shandong Province.

199 1, Jinan high-tech industrial development zone was established.

1February 1994, Jinan was identified as a sub-provincial city.

2065438+September 2006, Zhangqiu City, which was originally under the jurisdiction of Jinan City, was revoked and Zhangqiu District of Jinan City was established. So far, Jinan has 7 municipal districts and 3 counties.

location

Jinan is located in the central and western Shandong Province, with Mount Tai in the south, the Yellow River in the north and mountains and rivers in the back. It borders Liaocheng in the southwest, Dezhou and Binzhou in the north, Zibo in the east and Tai 'an and Laiwu in the south.

Jinan is located at 36 40 ′ north latitude and117 00 ′ east longitude, with Mount Tai in the south and the Yellow River in the north. Located at the junction of hilly areas in central and southern Shandong and alluvial plain in northwest Shandong, the terrain is high in the south and low in the north.

zone

The topography of Jinan can be divided into three zones: the Yellow River in the north, the piedmont plain in the middle and the hilly and mountainous areas in the south. The main peaks in the territory are Changchengling, Paomaling, Ladder Mountain and Heiniuzhai. There are more than 3,000 square kilometers of mountains and hills and 5,000 square kilometers of plains. The highest altitude is 1 108.4m, the lowest altitude is 5m, and the height difference between north and south is 1 100m.

Jinan has many springs because of its unique topographical and geological structure. Jinan is located in the heart of Shandong Province, with low mountains and hills in central and southern Shandong and alluvial plains in northwest Shandong, just sandwiched in the middle. It is a gentle monoclinic structure with a height difference of more than 500 meters. The urban terrain is naturally high in the south and low in the north, which is conducive to the collection of surface water and groundwater into the urban area.

Jinan underground is soluble limestone. After many tectonic movements and long-term dissolution, a large number of karst ditches, caves and underground rivers have been formed, which has become an underground pipe network capable of storing and transporting groundwater. A large amount of groundwater in the southern mountains of Jinan, criss-crossing limestone strata, travels southward, and meets closely organized magmatic rocks in the northern suburbs, like a natural stone wall, blocking the water veins. Eventually, a large amount of groundwater trapped here, with strong pressure, gushed out of the ground along many cracks and passages connecting the ground, so natural springs appeared. It is precisely because of this geological structure that although Jinan is located in the earthquake zone of Hebei Plain and Lubei Plain, the underground vibration can be effectively buffered by groundwater to the maximum extent.