Where is Siping located in my country?

Category: Education/Science>Science and Technology

Analysis:

Siping City is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Jilin Province. Siping City is located in the middle of Northeast China. The southwest of Jilin Province, the lower reaches of the Dongliao River, and the junction of Liaoning Province and Jilin Province. It is located in the transition zone between the low mountains and hills in eastern Jilin and the Liaohe Plain. It is bordered by the Daheishan Mountains in the east, the Liaohe Plain in the west, Changchun in the north, and Shenyang in the south. It is bounded by the Beijing-Harbin Railway. It is a hilly area in the east and part of the Songliao Plain in the west. , the terrain is slightly undulating, Jilin Hadal Ridge is in the east of the border. The main rivers in the territory are the Dongliao River and its tributaries, and there are Xiliao River, Yitong River, Huifa River, etc. in the marginal areas. The urban area of ??Siping is located at the southern end of the city. It is bordered by Tiaozi River in the north and Daheishan Mountain in the east. The terrain in the middle is very flat. It is high in the southeast and is a low hilly area. It is low in the northwest and is a wavy plain area. The urban area is surrounded by hills on the north, east and south. , forming a dustpan-shaped basin, with the "dustpan mouth" facing west. The urban area is divided into Tiedong and Tiexi districts. It governs Gongzhuling City, Shuangliao City, Lishu County and Yitong Manchu Autonomous County.

Siping is located in the transportation center of Northeast China, with very developed road and rail transportation. It is the intersection of Harbin-Dalian, Pingqi and Simei railways. Siping Station is one of the ten largest mixed passenger and freight marshalling stations in Northeast China. It can marshal and pass more than 100 passenger and freight trains throughout the day and night, and three main highways, Beijing-Harbin, Jixi, and Ming-Shenyang, pass through it. It is an important transportation hub and a strategic military location in the central part of Northeast China. It has always been a battleground for military strategists. During the Liberation War, the famous Siping Battle took place here, and it is known as the "Hero City". It is also the "bridgehead" for economic exchanges between Jilin and Liaoning provinces.

Tracing the history of Siping City, it belonged to the territory of the ancient Fu Yu Kingdom from the Han Dynasty to the Western Jin Dynasty. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the eastern border was close to Goguryeo and the western border was Khitan. In the Tang Dynasty, most of them belonged to the Fuyu Prefecture of the Bohai State, with Fuzhou and Fuyu County being governed, which is now a city in the west of Siping City. In the Liao Dynasty, it belonged to Tokyo Road, and Fuzhou was renamed Tongzhou. Fuyu County was renamed Tongyuan County, and it is still the seat of the state's governance.

It can be said that Yimiancheng is the earliest name of Siping. There are still Yimiancheng villages and ruins in today's Dongcheng Township.

In the Jin Dynasty, it was Hanzhou, Xianping Road. The Yuan Dynasty belonged to Kaiyuan Road. In the Ming Dynasty, Jiadao Station and Hanzhou Station were the capitals of Liaodong. In the Qing Dynasty, it belonged to the territory of Zasak, Horqin Left Wing Middle Banner of the Zhelim League. During the Qianlong period, "people" crossed the border and sneaked into the Mongolian Banner and privately reclaimed the wasteland. The Mongolian Banner Zasak did not expel them, but "accommodated them against the ban and collected rent to support themselves." In 1803 (the eighth year of the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty), the Qing Dynasty * Allow "people" to go out to cultivate wasteland in forbidden lands, so that this piece of nomadic land can be reclaimed. As the number of "people" increased and they gradually became villages, many small villages were formed in this area. Later, these small villages were placed under the jurisdiction of Changtu Hall. In 1821 (the first year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty), a branch of Zhaomo was set up in Maishui Street (today's Lishu Town), with jurisdiction over Yimian City and still under the jurisdiction of Changtu Hall. In 1877 (the third year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), Yitong Prefecture was established. In 1878 (the fourth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), Fenghua County was established on the developed area. The county government office was located on Buying Street and was placed under the jurisdiction of General Shengjing. There are 9 communes in Fenghua County. Today's Siping urban area is the administrative center of Xin'en commune. By 1898 (the 24th year of Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty), today's Siping urban area was just a small village with dozens of farmers. At that time, the surrounding areas There are also villages in Haifeng, Linjiahekou, Simen Miaojia, Zhangjia shack, Yiyiancheng, etc. At that time, Xin'en Social Administrative Office was located in Siping Street, which is now Laosiping Township, Changtu City, Liaoning Province. There are more than 20 natural villages under the jurisdiction of Xinenshe: Ping'anbao, Tiaozihe, Shuangshulin, Jiawopu, Xiaobian, Yahulupao, Yihetun, Chengjiawobao, Boluolinzi, Liujiazi, Laoye Miao Tun, Zha Mabei, Hejia Xinzi, etc. had always been part of Lishu County before Siping City was established. Today, most of these villages have expanded into the urban area or suburbs of Siping.

In 1898 (the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), Tsarist Russia forced the Qing government to sign the "Renewal Contract of the Eastern Provincial Railway Company" and decided to build a branch line from Harbin to Luda. That year, we entered the Siping area for on-site investigation and decided to set up a station here. In 1902 (the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), the section from Lushunkou to Gongzhuling on the South-Manchuria Branch of the China-Eastern Railway was opened to traffic. Siping was first called "Five Stations", which was the second name of Siping.

The origin of the name "Five Stations" can be traced back to the construction of the South Manchuria Branch of the Middle East Railway by Tsarist Russia.

At that time, train stations were arranged and named according to serial numbers. Starting from Kuanchengzi (today's Changchun), counting southward, a train station was set up every 30 kilometers. Fanjiatun was the second station, Gongzhuling was the third station, and Guojiadian was the third station. There are four stations, so the fifth station is Siping. After the name of the train station, the place name also followed the name of the train station. People also called Siping "Five Stations".

After the fifth station was called for a while, it was changed to "Siping Street Station". In the past, there were more than a dozen places with the name Siping Street in place names in Northeast China. In the "Dictionary of Manchurian Place Names" published during the Japanese occupation, 5 places were recorded: Siping Street in Xifeng County (today's Dongfeng County), Siping Street in Huanren County, Siping Street in Lishu County, and Siping Street in Changtu County. The county has a Siping Street and a Siping Street Station. Among them, Siping Street and Siping Street Station in Lishu County are today's Siping City. The former refers to the east area of ??Siping Road, which is today's Tiedong District; Siping Street Station refers to the "Manchu Railway Annex", which is today's Tiedong District. West End. Later, in order to avoid confusion, people renamed Siping Street in Changtu County "Old Siping" and Siping Street in Dongfeng County "Little Siping" to show the difference. During the census of place names in the 1980s, they were determined separately based on established principles. "Old Siping" and "Little Siping" became the official place names of those two places. As a result, there was only one place near Siping. "Siping".

When the train station was built, there were many villages around it. Why was the name Siping Street chosen? Lao Siping, mentioned earlier, is 7.5 kilometers away from Siping Railway Station. It is directly west of the station. At that time, Lao Siping was already the largest market town in this area. It governed 20 natural villages and was the political, economic, and commercial center of nearby villages. , a distribution center for grain and local products. Therefore, although the China Eastern Railway set up five stations in Yiancheng, it later chose the well-known name "Siping" as its final choice. This is the third name of Siping.

When did Wu Station change its name to Siping Street? There are three theories: The first theory: "In 1931, Siping Street was officially used as the name of the train station, called Siping Street Station. The name of Wu Station was abolished, and the original Siping Street Village was renamed Laosiping." The second theory: It was originally called Wu Station. After the Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese renamed the five stations Siping Street Station. The third theory: When the entire China Eastern Railway is opened to traffic, the official station name will be Siping Street Station. There is such a story. There is a Japanese named Ando Iki. He wrote a book called "The Fun of Siping Street". In this book, he wrote: Shortly after the Russo-Japanese War, the author came to Siping Street. , in the stationmaster's office of the railway station, the author was surprised to find that there was a station sign left by a Russian in the corner. On this only souvenir, the station name written in Russian was exactly "Siping Street Station". The author infers from this that when the entire China Eastern Railway was opened to traffic, that is to say before the Russo-Japanese War, the official station name was changed to Siping Street. To say the least, this Russian station sign can at least show that long before the Japanese took over the China Eastern Railway, the Russians had already called the five stations Siping Street Station and had put up station signs in Russian.

In 1902 (the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), Tsarist Russia opened the streets of the first, second and third roads in front of the railway station. The number of small merchants and small workshops in the market gradually increased. Chenjiaguanzi, Wu Jia Guanzi and Guanghe Inn were all opened this year. In 1903 (the 29th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), the entire China Eastern Railway was opened to traffic, and tickets were officially sold at Siping Street Station. In 1907 (the 33rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), according to the "Statistics of the Manchurian Railway", at the end of this year, the population of the Manchurian Railway annex in Siping Street was ***62 households with 658 people. The following year, the Japanese opened the street base of Central Street (today's eastern section of Hero Street) in the "Manchurian Railway Auxiliary Area", and gradually formed the prototype of a neighborhood around the train station. At this time, the Siping Street "Manchurian Railway Affiliated Area" covered an area of ??5.3 square kilometers. This is the first block of Siping.

After the train station borrowed the name of Siping Street from Old Siping, not only was the fifth station renamed Siping Street Station, but the new block that continued to expand with the train station as the center was also called Siping Street. The two names "City" and "Five Stations" were gradually forgotten by people. The industry and commerce of Siping Street are becoming more and more prosperous. The new "Siping Street" is becoming more and more famous, while the "old Siping Street" has become unknown.

There is another small question here, that is, how far is Laosiping from the train station? There are several sources that say, "There is a village called Siping Street two and a half miles west of this station, so it was named Siping Street Station." "There is a natural village more than two miles west of the fifth station, named Siping Street. When it was called Wu Zhan, the name of Siping Street was moved to replace the station name, and Wu Zhan was used together with Siping Street Station. "Other information contains: "The land in Siping belongs to Xin'en Society, Fenghua County, and its administrative seat is now Old Siping Street... This place is 15 miles away from Siping Street Station. "On the recently published map, it is not difficult to find Siping and Laosiping, which is directly west of it. The straight-line distance from Siping Railway Station to Laosiping is about 8 kilometers. If the natural village called Siping Street was only "more than two miles away" from the station, then from the train station to the west, it would not go beyond Tiaozi River, so it had already been included in the old block on the south side of Yingxiong Street in Tiexi District. The place would not be Laosiping today. The exact whereabouts of Lao Siping, who was the resident of Xinenshe back then, today remains to be further verified.

In fact, as early as when this place was a small village with only a few dozen farmers, its geographical location had already made it an important source of food, livestock and other products for the Changtu Prefecture and Horqin Left Banners at that time. As a distribution center, the China Eastern Railway set up a station here. During the Republic of China, when the Pingqi and Simei railways were built, they were connected with the China Eastern Railway here. As a result, Siping Street became a transportation hub extending in all directions, both in terms of transportation and transportation. Strategically, they all occupy an important position. With the rise of various industries, the urban area of ??Siping Street expanded to both sides with the railway as the axis. In addition to the construction of the main commercial street, many municipal facilities were also built. For example, in 1927 (the 16th year of the Republic of China), the city spanned Railway, Zhaoping Bridge (Today's Bridge) connecting Daoli and Daodong, etc.

Daodong was originally one of several natural villages such as Yimian City and Huangjiatun. In 1921 (the tenth year of the Republic of China), it was opened as a new market by Yin Shousong, the governor of Lishu County Office, and was established by the "Siping Street New Market Office" Also in charge of administration. The following year, Siping Street Village was established. In 1922 (the eleventh year of the Republic of China), the second district of Lishu County was moved from Badan Nianzi to Daodong. Daodong became the seat of the district-level ***, which was the second block of Siping.

Adding the area of ??the New Market Block to the "auxiliary land", the total area of ??Siping Street at this time reaches 6.79 square kilometers. After the "September 18th" Incident in 1931, planned and directed by the Japanese military, the "Siping Street Municipal Office" was established on October 15 as the administrative agency of the puppet regime in charge of Daodong. In 1932, the total area of ??Daodong and Daoli was approximately 9.99 square kilometers. In 1933, the puppet Manchukuo State believed that "the commercial population was not yet prosperous and it was difficult to establish a municipal office", so it abolished the municipal system and still placed it under the jurisdiction of Lishu County. Subsequently, the Lishu County Siping Street Joint Village Office was established, which was renamed Siping Street Office in 1936.

Siping’s North Station is the headquarters of the Sitao Railway Bureau, formerly known as the Sizheng Railway Engineering Bureau. It was founded in 1916 (the fifth year of the Republic of China) and is affiliated with the Northeast Transportation Committee of the Ministry of Transport. The North Railway Station does not have a dedicated administrative agency. Household registration, civil affairs, construction, and public security are all directly managed by the Sitao Railway Bureau and are not under the jurisdiction of the Siping Street Local Office of the Manchurian Railway and the Second District of Lishu County. After the September 18th Incident in 1931, the operating rights of the Sitao Railway were annexed by the Manchurian Railway, and the administrative rights were replaced by the Siping Street Local Office of the Manchurian Railway in 1932. This is the third block of Siping.

On July 1, 1937, the State Council of the Puppet Manchukuo State established Siping Market. On December 1 of the same year, Japan announced the abolition of "extraterritoriality" and the so-called "transfer" of the administrative rights of the "Manchurian Railway Affiliated Territory" to the local "***". The former Manchurian Railway Siping Street Local Office became the pseudo Siping Market Office. At this point, the three blocks of Siping were integrated into one, under the unified jurisdiction of the pseudo-Siping Market Office, and separated from Lishu County.

The name of Siping Street is borrowed from Siping Street in Changtu County (today’s Old Siping). It was first the name of the train station and later evolved into the general name of the urban area. These have basically reached common understanding today. So where did the name "Siping Street" come from?

It is generally accepted that Laosiping is at the same distance from several larger market towns around it: Banlashanmen in the east, Bamian City in the west, Lu Village in the south, and Maishou Street (today's Maishou Street) in the north. Lishu Town), 20 kilometers away from the four market towns, hence the name Siping.

There is the same record about this in "Changtufu Zhi": "The distances in the road are all similar, and it is the four-reaching thoroughfare, so it is named."

The second statement is close to the previous one, so the place is named after it. It is the intersection of Harbin-Dalian Line, Pingqi Line and Simei Line, which means it is connected in all directions. According to this statement, the name "Siping" came after the completion of these railways, not before, and "extending in all directions" and "si" and "ping" are also a bit far-fetched.

The third theory is that in 1754 (the 19th year of Qianlong’s reign in the Qing Dynasty), when Emperor Qianlong Hongli passed by Siping Street (Old Siping) on ??his tour of Jilin, he saw that the terrain here was flat and boundless in all directions, so he named it It is named after "Siping Street".

The fourth theory, researched by experts in the 1980s, is that Siping is Manchu, literally translated as awl, referring to a river here that is thin and straight, like an awl.

In 1941, the puppet Manchukuo State established Siping Province, with Siping Street as the provincial capital and jurisdiction over the three counties of Siping Street, Gongzhuling and Tongyang. In 1945, Siping Street became the capital of Northern Liaoning Province. In June 1947, Siping Province and Hung Yen South Province were merged and called North Liaoning Province. Siping Market still existed, but the word "street" was omitted and the name of Siping Market was changed to Siping City. The Provincial Office is located in Siping City. Siping Street Station was also changed to Siping Station. After that, the suburbs expanded again. By the time Siping was liberated in 1948, the total urban and rural area reached 24 square kilometers. In 1949, Northern Liaoning Province was abolished and replaced by Western Liaoning Province.

After the founding of New China, Siping City was placed under the jurisdiction of Jilin Province in 1954. In 1958, the Siping Prefecture was established, and the Commissioner's Office was located in Siping City, which was the municipality under the jurisdiction of the prefecture. On August 30, 1983, with the approval of the State Council, the Siping area was abolished and the provincial-level Siping City was established. After the Siping area was abolished, the four counties under its jurisdiction: Huaide, Lishu, Yitong and Shuangliao were placed under the jurisdiction of Siping City. On December 22 of the same year, Siping City was divided into Tiedong and Tiexi districts.