The process of the Japanese emperor's return to power

/kloc-In the middle of the 0/9th century, at the end of the Edo shogunate (the central government established by General Tokugawa Ieyasu, the last generation was Tokugawa Yoshinobu), Japan was caught in internal troubles and foreign invasion. At home, financial difficulties made most middle and lower class warriors increasingly dissatisfied with the shogunate, and the corruption and natural disasters of the shogunate led to riots among farmers and citizens. Abroad, western powers are knocking on Japan's door with their guns. Domestic troubles and foreign invasion triggered the famous Meiji Restoration in Japanese history, and Japan embarked on the capitalist road of Qiang Bing, a rich country. The main leaders of the Reform Movement were Morito Longji, Kubo Junyi and Saigō Takamori, who were called the "Three Reforms".

From the decline of force to the restoration of kingship

The tyranny of the late shogunate and the signing of a series of unequal treaties triggered the movement of respecting the king and resisting foreign countries, and Changzhou vassal (feudal territory called vassal) became the center of the movement.

1866 In March, Longji, the city governor who presided over Changzhou, and Saigō Takamori, a Samoan, concluded a military alliance treaty in Kyoto, determined to use force to crusade against the shogunate.

1867 65438+1On October 30th, Emperor Xiaoming passed away, and 15-year-old Crown Prince Mu Ren (Meiji) ascended the throne. 186710 June 15, Kubo Junyi of Satsuma signed an agreement to send troops to Koji, a city household. 165438+1On October 8th, the closing school issued the "Closing Secret Imperial edict" in the name of the emperor. Facing the unfavorable situation, Tokugawa Yoshinobu said that he would resign as a general and return the "major policies" to the emperor. While rapidly advancing the restoration plan of the king, the anti-curtain faction mobilized troops to prepare for a decisive battle with the shogunate. 1868 65438+1October 3, Emperor Meiji came forward and held a command meeting attended by the royal family, ministers, celebrities and warriors, and issued the Grand Purpose of the Restoration of the Imperial Government, announcing the abolition of the shogunate system and the establishment of a new central government centered on the emperor. Tokugawa Yoshinobu refused to recognize the imperial edict and attempted to launch an armed rebellion.

On October 27th, 65438/KLOC-0, the new government forces with Samo and Changzhou as the main forces fought the shogunate forces in Birfeather and Fujian near Kyoto. Saigō Takamori led 5000 men to defeat the shogunate army of1.5000 men, and Tokugawa Yoshinobu retreated to edo. In April, Xixiang went to Edo alone to talk with the shogunate, forcing the shogunate to surrender. Government troops immediately invaded Edo. The Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan for more than 260 years, was overthrown.

Main process

Back to the great government

1867 (the third year of Keio) 10 June 14, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the 5th generation general of the edo shogunate, requested to return the political power to the imperial court, and the imperial court accepted it the next day. 15. After the Saskatchewan Alliance, Ryoma Sakamoto and others put forward the "theory of consultative government" in the process of the screen search movement. Goto, like Jiro, accepted this idea, persuaded Toyotomi Yamauchi, a former vassal of Tosa, and persuaded Qingxi to return power to the emperor. In order to defeat the curtain-raiser movement, Qingxi implemented a major reform of refunding money. However, on the same day, the beggars received the "secrets of begging for the curtain." This contest between the two sides, after the retro coup of Wang Zheng in February 19 and the Chen Wu War which started with the Battle of Bird Feather and Fujian, ended in the victory of the Seekers.

The restoration of the monarchy was a coup in the late edo period in Japan, which abolished the edo shogunate and handed over the political power to the imperial court. This is the climax of the Meiji Restoration. 1868 65438+1October 3 (65438+February 9, Keio 3), the imperial court staged a coup and announced the transfer of power to the Japanese emperor.

Iwakura Tomomi, Saigō Takamori, Kubo Toshiichi, Seito Longji, etc. After returning to the big government in 1867 (the third year of Keio) 14, in September 12 (the third year of Gregorian calendar 13), he suppressed Tosa's "Discussion on Government". Set up three positions: president, negotiator and participant; Subsequently, the Great Order of Wang Zheng's Recovery was issued as a policy, and it was the ideal of the New Deal to restore everything to the beginning of SHEN WOO's entrepreneurship. That night, the Petitioners held a meeting of the Small Imperial Palace, which overwhelmed Toyotomi Yamauchi, Matsuhei Keiyong and other collegiate political groups, and made a decision to ask Tokugawa Yoshinobu to resign as Minister of the Interior and confiscate his territory. In order to find an excuse to beg for a curtain call, Saigō Takamori Kubao Junyi and Samoan court official Iwakura Tomomi decided to stage a coup on 1868 1 3. Emperor Meiji announced the restoration of the monarchy and abolished the shogunate, ordering Tokugawa Yoshinobu to resign and accept the land. They knew that Tokugawa Yoshinobu would never hand over the position of leader, nor would he give the territory of Tokugawa family to the emperor. Therefore, Tokugawa Yoshinobu can disobey the imperial edict.

/kloc-at about 9: 00 a.m. on February 2, a large number of San Francisco soldiers from Satsuma, Andy, Qian Yue and Anyi went to the palace gate to ask for guard work. When the Francisco soldiers who were originally stationed at the palace gate of Lanjin and Sang Ming saw each other menacing, they had to leave the palace gate. In the afternoon, all the ministers, nobles and people gathered in the palace, and Meiji read out [Wang Zheng Retro] jointly drafted by Kubaominyi and Iwakura Tomomi. In the evening, the first three-position meeting was formally held. After a long debate, a resolution was finally reached, ordering Tokugawa Yoshinobu to resign and accept the land. Matsuhira Keiyong and Tokugawa Keisang went to Nijo Castle to persuade Tokugawa Yoshinobu to resign voluntarily. To recover the land, Tokugawa Kei was glad to see that Kyoto was short of soldiers, so he had to pretend to agree with the decision of the meeting, but he could only reply to the court after consulting with Laozhong. On the other hand, in order to avoid armed conflict with rebels in Kyoto, Tokugawa Yoshinobu had to temporarily lead his troops to Osaka. After the victory of this campaign, the new regime announced the "restoration of kingship" to foreign countries on June 65438 +654381October+May 5, and gradually improved its construction work.

Meiji emperor information

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