Hotel lighting

Hotels are usually divided into business type and tourism type. Business hotels are usually located in economically developed cities, which receive business travelers and highlight functions such as office work, meetings and business banquets. Tourist resorts are usually located in tourist attractions, highlighting the functions of vacation and leisure. But this distinction is relative, and their functions often cross each other; In addition, from the architectural features, all kinds of spaces divided by functions inside and outside the hotel are basically the same. For example, compared with Guangzhou Garden Hotel, Le Meridien Hotel in Hong Kong Cyberport has very different characteristics, but both of them have a reception lobby, that is, a Portman-style space, and both of them have various types of rooms, Chinese and Western restaurants and multi-function halls. Therefore, from the perspective of hotel lighting design, it is basically the same.

For 1. 1, a warm white light source with a color temperature of about 3000K should be widely used.

The basis is that no matter what type of hotel, it should be their common aspiration to create a cordial, warm and friendly atmosphere, and the lighting environment provided by the light source with a color temperature of 3000K can strengthen this feature of wine spots.

(1) Based on the study of human visual perception of the temperature and space of color, it is found that the color with orange hue tends to the color with blue and purple hue. At the same time, orange makes people feel warm and close to us. By memory, compare the above colors continuously and the result is the same.

(2) This perception is closely related to some psychological evaluations and emotional activities such as kindness, warmth and friendliness.

(3) Based on engineering practice, whenever a hotel lighting project can thoroughly implement this principle without interference from all sides, the effect is very good.

1.2 The light colors of different types of light sources should be analyzed in detail when the light source colors and temperatures are nominally the same.

(1) Take incandescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamps as examples. An incandescent lamp with a label of 2800K and a compact fluorescent lamp with a label of 2850K (or 2700K) only show that their color tables are basically the same, but there are still subtle differences in the evaluation of light color (there are still differences between color tables and light colors): due to different spectral components, the light emitted by incandescent lamps is very similar to cobalt yellow or cadmium yellow of watercolor pigments, and the light emitted by compact fluorescent lamps is "loud" but "transparent".

(2) Therefore, the lighting design should select the light source category. In the case of the same color temperature, we should comprehensively weigh whether they are energy-saving in luminous flux and average life, easy to maintain and choose between light and color. Don't use incandescent lamps just because of "green lighting" (I advocate that "green lighting" should be treated specifically).

(3) For high-class hotels, energy saving and easy maintenance are of course important. For example, at present, the average life of good compact fluorescent lamps can reach 10000 hours (while incandescent lamps are only one tenth of it). Although the hotel avoided the cost of replacing light bulbs, it sacrificed "pure light color".

(4) As far as the current situation in China is concerned, a large part of the problem of saving energy and prolonging the life of light bulbs can be solved by timely dimming according to the requirements of natural lighting and guest activities through intelligent control systems, such as the headquarters building of China Bank. Of course, there are many ways to save energy, but this is beyond the scope of this article.

1.3 Pay special attention to the relationship between color temperature and illumination.

Make use of the matching relationship between illumination and color temperature to create a suitable space atmosphere in details. Generally speaking, color temperature and illumination should be matched in direct proportion, that is, high illumination, high color temperature and vice versa. The habit of domestic hotel lighting design is often that the color temperature is very high, but the illumination is generally low, and it often falls into the "gloomy" atmosphere as shown in the figure below. This should be paid enough attention to in future design practice.

1.4 If direct lighting can be used, indirect lighting is not used.

At present, the light trough has been widely used in various commercial space lighting, even submerged. With the development of electric light source and lighting technology, direct lighting can avoid the harm of uncomfortable glare to vision. Therefore, unless it is necessary for decoration, do not use various types of light-emitting troughs with serious luminous flux and inconvenient maintenance.

1.5 Use light sources with the same color temperature to avoid the disorder of light color.

In the same functional area, surface and object, the light source with consistent color temperature is used to unify the color tone of the light environment. As far as the lighting design of the hotel is concerned, the unified tone conforms to the characteristics of the hotel because it does not emphasize conflict and drama. We have noticed that some domestic interior design companies that have done well still have many problems in this respect. For example, the Changlong Hotel project designed by Guangzhou Jimei Group is good in other aspects, but there are still some problems in lighting: some rooms use cold white light sources; Some rooms have both cold and warm white light sources, which makes people feel uncomfortable.

1.6 illuminator with high luminous flux utilization rate should be selected.

(1) Choose an illuminator with optimized parameters and high luminous flux utilization. We often encounter such a situation. Originally, the nominal total luminous flux of the light source was very high, but because the lamps with low light output efficiency were selected, the illuminance value calculated theoretically was far from the result measured by the illuminance meter after the actual completion.

(2) It is suggested that when there is any doubt about the lamp efficiency parameters and light distribution curve parameters provided by the lamp manufacturer, the unit with relevant testing equipment should be entrusted for testing.

1.7 Select the appropriate light distribution.

According to the room-air ratio of different functional areas of wine spots, the light distribution parameters such as light intensity distribution, central light intensity and half light intensity of the light distribution curve can be distinguished to avoid luminous flux loss from two aspects.

(1) For example, the front hall of a restaurant is usually located in the podium of a building, and the ceiling is usually very high. It is very common to choose an illuminator with narrow beam angle and long projection distance, so that the upper part will not be very bright, while the ground and the human activity area at 1m from the ground are not bright enough;

(2) On the contrary, if such light distribution is adopted in areas with low ceilings such as guest rooms, there will be problems such as bright ground and insufficient vertical illumination. The following two pictures are the light distribution comparison of PAR38/80W/ toe angle 120 and PAR56/300W/ toe angle 400.

1.8 The more advanced the hotel, the higher the color rendering index of the light source.

The color rendering of (1) light source is generally evaluated by CIE color rendering index, which is to evaluate the color rendering difference between the light source to be evaluated and the standard light source (full cloudy skylight) for several color samples including human skin color. Generally speaking, the higher the ra of a light source, the better its color rendering.

(2) It should be pointed out, however, that although the color rendering index of some light sources is high, it may not be good for a particular color because Ra takes the average value of color samples. This should attract the attention of hotel lighting design.

(3) In domestic lighting standards and design practice, color rendering has been neglected, and it is usually emphasized that light sources with high color rendering index are needed where color discrimination is required. In fact, in places where people have more contact, especially hotels, it is very important for guests to show a healthy complexion.

(4) In addition, under the same conditions, a light source with good color rendering can have lower illumination than a light source with poor color rendering. This is not to say that color development can replace part of the light, but that people should feel more clearly. The key problems of hotel lighting go far beyond the above. This paper only discusses the outstanding problems in the current lighting design practice from the author's point of view, for the lighting design colleagues to think and discuss. 2. 1 hall space

There are three main lighting areas in the lobby space, namely, the lighting of the entrance and lobby area, the lighting of the service desk and the lighting of the guest rest area. Judging from the continuous space and lighting mode of the lobby as a whole, in fact, the entrance and lobby should be the general lighting or global lighting of the lobby, while the lighting of the service desk and the lighting of the guest lounge are local lighting. These lighting should maintain the consistency of color temperature. Through the brightness contrast of the three areas, the non-private space of the hotel lobby forms an interesting, continuous and undulating transition between light and shade, creating a cordial atmosphere as a whole. (1) Entrance and lobby. Illumination requirements: On the horizontal plane above the ground 1m, the designed illumination should reach 500Lux. Color temperature requirements: around 3000K K, the color temperature is too low, the sense of space is narrow, the color temperature is too high, and the space lacks intimacy and noise, which directly reduces the comfort of guests. Color development requirements: Ra & gt85. High color rendering can clearly show the skin color and various expressions of the receptionist and guests, leaving a deep and satisfactory impression on the guests.

(1) About light distribution: If the height exceeds 6m, point light source and narrow beam illuminator are used on the ceiling to provide continuous and uniform brightness. Because the luminous point is not in the visual range of people, the light can be turned on. Assuming that the distance from the ceiling to the ground is 6m, the central light intensity of the light distribution curve should not be less than 500cd from the ground 1m; If the high jump is less than 6m, you can consider using strip or surface luminous ceiling to deal with it. Contrast modeling of light and shadow: Drawing on the experience of lighting design in European and American hotels, we can consider designing floodlights with different angles in the entrance and lobby area in the future. If the direction of guests entering the hotel gate is taken as the vertical axis, then we can design side lights at both ends of the horizontal axis and project them to the entrance area at a certain angle on the ceiling, which will help the hotel front desk, bellboy and guests to express their bodies and form a three-dimensional sense. Such hotel lighting should be very advanced.

(2) the service desk. Illuminance requirements: generally 750- 1000Lux. High brightness highlights the importance of the main service desk and quickly guides the attention of guests. In addition, it is also convenient for the receptionist to register and settle accounts quickly. Color temperature requirements: about 3000K, consistent with the entrance lobby, further strengthening the cordial atmosphere. Color development requirements: Ra & gt85. On the one hand, because guests and receptionists are in close contact at the service desk, they need a healthy complexion; On the other hand, it is necessary to clearly identify the required documents.

(3) Guest rest area. Illumination requirements: generally 300-500Lux. If the illumination is too high, people's behavior will be unstable; if the illumination is too low, people's behavior will be too lazy. Color temperature requirement: about 3000K K k. Color development requirements: Ra & gt85.

2.2 Restaurant space

Restaurant space is an important lighting area of the hotel. Generally, hotels have Chinese restaurants and Western restaurants. Because of the different functions and uses, these two types of restaurants should be treated differently in lighting design.

(1) Chinese restaurant: It is often used for business or other formal banquets, so the overall lighting atmosphere should be formal and friendly. Compared with western restaurants, its general lighting intensity is much higher. The illumination should be uniform, and the mood fluctuation caused by brightness contrast is small; Point light source, strip light source or various types of lanterns can meet the good lighting requirements; In order to make the quality and color of dishes vivid and attractive, thus arousing appetite, desktop lighting is the key point. It is best to set a accent lighting above the table and use a light source with high color rendering. If accent lighting cannot be provided above each table, the illuminance value of general lighting in the restaurant will be designed to be higher. In addition, we should attach great importance to the light distribution to make the lighting full of three-dimensional sense. In the practice of restaurant lighting design, we use wall lamps or several projection lamps to correct the flatness of general lighting and strengthen the reproduction of human body, especially facial expressions and contours.

Lighting requirements

The illuminance of general lighting is 200Lux,

Accent lighting uses 300Lux as supplementary side light. After the light beam from the light source reaches the illuminated object, the central light intensity is about 150cd. Color temperature requirement: about 3000K, which requires the unity and coordination of light and color. Color development requirements: Ra & gt90.

(2) Western-style restaurants: Western-style restaurants are mostly used for informal business dinners or places where diners are familiar and close, so the overall lighting atmosphere should be warm and emotional; The illuminance value of general lighting is much lower than that of Chinese restaurant; In addition, due to the informality of dining, there is no need to illuminate people's faces and expressions; However, the accent lighting on the dining table should make the dishes vivid and bright, which is convenient for diners to take, so its color rendering is very important.

Lighting requirements:

The illuminance of general lighting is 50- 100Lux,

Accent lighting needs 100- 150Lux. If there is side light, you can use the light beam of the light source, and the central light intensity is about 50cd. Color temperature requirement: about 3000K, which requires the unity and coordination of light and color. Color development requirements: Ra & gt90.

2.3 Guest Room Space

Hotel rooms should be like home, with quiet, comfortable and cordial as the typical tone.

(1) illumination requirements: the general illumination is 50- 100Lux, and the room illumination is low to reflect the characteristics of quiet, rest and even laziness; However, local lighting, such as the lighting in front of the dressing mirror and bedside reading, should provide sufficient illumination, and the illumination value of these areas can be 300Lux. The most neglected thing is the writing illumination of the desk. At present, few hotels provide writing lights for guests (usually replaced by decorative lights). As far as the hotels I have stayed in are concerned, only the Sunshine Hotel in Shenzhen has such lighting, which is a very humanized lighting consideration.

(2) color temperature requirement: about 3000K K k. ..

The bedroom uses a light source below 3500K and the bathroom uses a light source above 3500 K. The bedroom needs warm color, and the bathroom needs high color temperature to make it clean.

(3) Color development requirements: Ra & gt90. Good color rendering performance makes guests feel more confident and comfortable.