Peng Huaide gave up the Flying Tiger Mountain, and MacArthur thought that he won and successfully eliminated 36,000 troops.

In the first campaign to resist US aggression and aid Korea, the 38th Army of the Volunteers led by Liang Xingchu, according to Peng's orders, launched an attack on the 8th Division of the South Korean Army in Xichuan. Peng has a lot to do with the 38th Army. The history of the 38th Army can be traced back to the 5th Division 1 Regiment of Hunan Independent Army who participated in the Pingjiang Uprising. At that time, its head was Peng. Therefore, after receiving the combat mission, Liang Xingchu said to the teachers, "This is the first battle for the 38th Army to go abroad, and Mr. Peng is in charge of us. In any case, you must play well and don't be ashamed in front of Teacher Peng. "

However, Liang Xingchu did not play well in the first battle of the 38th Army. Not only Liang Xingchu was severely criticized by Peng, but also his brothers made contributions, and the whole 38th Army felt wronged. What's going on here? 65438+1On the evening of October 24th 1 1, Peng ordered Liang Xingchu to lead the 38th Army and command the 42nd Army125th Division, and quickly assembled in Cangdong and Wenmingdong, north of Xichuan, ready to annihilate the 8th Division of the South Korean Army in Xichuan. After careful analysis and research, Liang Xingchu decided to attack Xichuan with 1 13 division, detour to the east of Xichuan with 1 12 division, and stand by with 1 14 division as reserve team.

Liang Xingchu is full of confidence. In his view, the attack of the 38th Army on the 8th Division of the South Korean Army in Xichuan was completely fatal. However, an unexpected situation on the battlefield soon made Liang Xingchu hesitate. 1 12 division commander Yang Dayi heard the news from the Korean People's Army that there was a black regiment of the American army in Xichuan, with nearly 1000 troops. Yang Dayi was surprised because it was far from the information given by the Volunteer Command. He quickly reported this information to Liang Xingchu.

Liang Xingchu was surprised to learn that. In view of the changes in the enemy's situation, he immediately became cautious and ordered the troops to make full preparations. However, the battlefield situation is changing rapidly, and making adequate preparations means that it is impossible to attack the enemy quickly. In this way, the 38 th Army missed the best attack opportunity, which eventually led to the enemy's detection and early escape from Xichuan. In fact, on June 28th, 1 13, the 377th and 338th regiments of 13 Division encountered a small group of enemy troops near Zaixichuan. At that time, if these two regiments could attack Xichuan quickly, they might have wiped out the enemy and captured Xichuan.

However, because the attack time was delayed, the troops were prepared. It was not until 5 pm on 10129 that Liang Xingchu ordered the attack. As a result, the 38 th Army closed on empty air, and the enemy of Xichuan had fled in the early hours of that day, and there was no black group. When Peng learned that the enemy of Xichuan had escaped, he was so angry that he cursed: "Call Liang Xingchu to chase me! Like a little girl, she can't walk fast. " Liang Xingchu was remorseful. On the phone, he also reprimanded 1 12 teacher Yang Dayi: "You lied about military intelligence. How dare you find me a black group? I want this black group! "

10 year 10 on October 29th, Peng telephoned Liang Xingchu and ordered the 38th Army to attack in the direction of Xinxing Cave, Stadium and Army Corner, detour to the enemy's flank and rear, and cooperate with the 39th Army and the 40th Army to annihilate the enemy who sneaked into Wenjing and Yunshan areas, so as to open the battle and create a favorable situation for continuing to wipe out the enemy. Judging from the battlefield situation at that time, the tasks of Liang Xingchu and the 38th Army were of great strategic significance. As long as the 38 th Army circuitous in place, it can cut off the contact between the north and south enemies of Qingchuan River. In this way, the volunteers will certainly further expand their achievements and give the enemy a more painful blow.

Liang Xingchu after receiving the task, nature can't careless. Liang Xingchu felt that the 38th Army, Zaixichuan, threw air, and he also had a great responsibility. Who let yourself not accurately analyze and judge the enemy? Now he can only make amends. Liang Xingchu immediately ordered the whole army to detour around the corner of Guichuan and Jun Jun. 1 65438+1October1Sunday night, the 38th Army entered the Xinxing Cave and the stadium line and joined forces with the blocked 7th Division of the South Korean Army. Behind the 7th Division of the South Korean Army is the 2nd Division of the United States Army, which is advancing northward. 165438+1In the early morning of October 2, the 38th Army forced the 7th Division of the South Korean Army to retreat, captured Xinxing Cave and Stadium, and the enemy retreated to the front line of Hufei Mountain to continue their defense.

As long as the 38th Army can annihilate the 7th Division of the South Korean Army, capture the Flying Tiger Mountain and occupy Guichuan and Junyi, it has successfully completed the strategic task of cutting off the enemy's retreat, and together with its brothers, it has surrounded the enemy north of the Qingchuan River. Hu Fei is located in the northeast of Guichuan and Junyi. As long as the 38 th Army can break through Hufei Mountain, it is not a problem to capture Guichuan and Junyi. Therefore, it is time to truly test Liang Xingchu and the 38th Army, and there is not much time left for them. Because Walker, commander of the Eighth Army of the US Army, had realized this, he issued an order on June 3 1 1 to let the troops retreat all the way to the north of the Qingchuan River.

165438+1On October 3rd, the 38th Army 1 12 Division marched to the foot of Feihu Mountain, and the teacher Yang Dayi handed the task of capturing Feihu Mountain to the 335th Regiment. The 335th Regiment is the main regiment of the 1 12 Division and even the 38th Army, and is famous for being good at tackling key problems. At that time, it was Fan Tianen, head of the 335th regiment. He had previously served as the chief of the 38th Army Operations Section, and was highly valued by Liang Xingchu. After the 38th Army entered the Korean War, Fan Tianen said that he didn't stay in the army, and he took the initiative to apply for the first-line army. Liang Xingchu had no choice but to agree to Fan Tianen's request and let Fan Tianen lead the 335th regiment of 1 12 division.

165438+1at dawn on October 4th, the sky was drizzling, and Hu Fei was shrouded in a hazy rain and fog. Fan Tianen commanded the 335th regiment to attack Hu Fei. The 2nd Battalion attacked the main peak of Hufei Mountain from the front, and 1 Battalion and 3rd Battalion respectively captured the left and right highlands of Hufei Mountain from the flank. After more than three hours of fierce fighting, the 335th Regiment successfully captured the Flying Tiger Mountain, and the 5th Regiment of the 7th Division of the South Korean Army, which was responsible for defending the Flying Tiger Mountain, was defeated and fled to the corner with the help of the 3rd Regiment of its friendly forces. Fan Tianen didn't stop after winning the Flying Tiger Mountain. In order to complete the weaving task, he immediately sent a battalion to pursue the military corner.

Just then, Fan Tianen received an order from Yang Dayi, the division commander of 1 12: stop chasing and defend on the spot. After receiving the order, Fan Tianen hurriedly recalled a battalion he sent. He couldn't turn around for a moment, and he was still thinking: Is it necessary to detour to the corner of Guichuan Hejun? Why don't you chase? At that time, Fan Tianen didn't know that the order to "stop hunting" was issued by Peng. Because, even if the 38 th Army captured Guichuan and Junyi now, it is meaningless. The enemy north of Qingchuan River has fled to the south of Qingchuan River.

In the headquarters of the Volunteers in Dayudong, Peng stood in front of the battle map and was conceiving a new battle plan. Peng carefully analyzed the battlefield situation: First, although the enemy retreated to the south of the Qingchuan River, MacArthur's arrogant character would naturally not stop there, and it was very likely that he would attack the north again. Second, the volunteers pushed the front from the south of Yalu River to Qingchuan River, which initially stabilized the situation on the Korean battlefield. Moreover, the intentions and purposes of the volunteers were not exposed, and the enemy could not figure out which army was fighting them, nor did he know how many people there were.

Therefore, Peng plans to use the tactics of "showing weakness and luring the enemy" to lure the enemy to the predetermined battlefield north of Qingchuan River, and then panic in it. It is precisely because of this plan that Peng gave the order of "stop chasing" to the 38 th Army. At the same time, before luring the enemy to the scheduled battlefield, the volunteers must buy time to adjust their deployment and make all preparations. To this end, Peng also issued an order to "defend on the spot" to the 38 th Army to avoid the situation that "the enemy will enter the scheduled battlefield before the volunteers adjust their deployment."

According to Peng's plan and requirements, the Fan Tianen 335th Regiment, which just occupied the strategic location of Feihu Mountain, has undoubtedly become a "metronome" to control the rhythm of the battlefield. On the one hand, before the volunteers adjust their deployment and get ready, the 335th Regiment of Fan Tianen should block the enemy's attack on Feihu Mountain and prevent the enemy from entering the scheduled battlefield prematurely. On the other hand, after the adjustment and deployment of the volunteers are completed and everything is ready, the Fan Tianen 335th Regiment should put the enemy in at an appropriate time and constantly boldly lure the enemy into the scheduled battlefield.

As Peng expected, MacArthur quickly organized a tentative attack. On the afternoon when the Fan Tianen 335th Regiment captured the Flying Tiger Mountain, the enemy, under the cover of planes and artillery, began to attack the Flying Tiger Mountain in dense formation. As a result, the famous Hu Fei blocking war in the history of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea began. From165438+1October 4th to165438+1October 8th, Fan Tianen led 335th regiment soldiers to fight fiercely with the enemy for five days and nights, repelling dozens of attacks, killing and injuring more than 1800 people and killing more than 700 people.

165438+1On the evening of October 8, 1 12 division commander Yang Da gave an order to Fan Tianen: "Give up Flying Tiger Mountain and retreat for 30 kilometers." Fan Tianen, whose eyes were red, got angry and immediately said, "Retreat? Our 335th Regiment will defend the position of Hufei Mountain to the death and prevent the enemy from advancing. Now we have to retreat 30 kilometers, and then we will reach the Yalu River. I can't understand such an order, I can't explain it to the soldiers! " At this time, Mr. Yang Dayi said seriously: "This is Mr. Peng's order! Can't change it! You must carry it out! "

It turned out that while Fan Tianen led the 335th regiment to stubbornly block the enemy in Feihu Mountain, Peng had already made adjustments and arrangements for the scheduled battlefield. The 50th Army, the 66th Army, the 39th Army and the 40th Army lined up at the front of the enemy attack line and ambushed Dingzhou, Taichuan, Yunshan and the area north of the stadium. The 38th and 42nd armies waited for an opportunity on the right side of the enemy attack line, and ambushed in the area north of Tokugawa and Ningyuan. Peng's vision is: the four armies in front will directly attack the enemy who enters the scheduled battlefield; On the edge, the two armies made a hook at the enemy who entered the scheduled battlefield and put the enemy in their pockets and panicked.

Peng ordered the abandonment of the Flying Tiger Mountain, indicating that Fan Tianen's 335th Regiment has completed the task of "buying time for the adjustment and deployment of large forces", and the next task is to lure the enemy deep and let the enemy quickly enter the scheduled battlefield. Peng ordered the abandonment of Feihu Mountain, which made the enemy who planned to attack the north after capturing Feihu Mountain ecstatic and won a great victory. The enemy boasted in the news media that the Battle of Flying Tiger Mountain was a "great victory" for the "United Nations Army". In the face of the fierce offensive of the "United Nations Army", the other side's morale was low and they fled in a panic.

After eating the cake of "Flying Tiger Mountain" deliberately left by Peng, and with the help of the news media, MacArthur, who has always been arrogant, thought he won. For several days, MacArthur stood shamelessly in front of the interview camera, boasting and indulging in "victory". Soon, MacArthur announced his long-planned "general attack": American troops on the eastern front 10, American troops on the western front 8, and launched a general attack on the north at the same time, planning to end the Korean War before Christmas. In order to realize this plan, MacArthur also transferred the 25th Division of the US Army, the Turkish Brigade and the 29th Brigade of the British Army, which were located in the second line, to the west line, and the 3rd Division of the US Army to the east line, so as to strengthen the front line and realize the dream of ending the Korean War in a short time.

On June165438+1October 2 1 day, under the temptation and confusion of the volunteers, the western troops of the "United Nations Army" entered Jiashan, Longshan Cave, Dechuan and Ningyuan, and the eastern troops entered Lake Changjin, all of which entered the scheduled battlefields that the volunteers had already ambushed. 165438+1On October 24th, MacArthur, carried away by "victory", ordered the "United Nations Army" on the east and west lines to launch the planned "general attack". 165438+1On the evening of October 25th, considering that the battlefield conditions on the western front were ripe, Peng decisively issued an operational order and launched a comprehensive counterattack against the enemy. 165438+1On the evening of October 27th, the 9th Corps of the Volunteers began to launch a comprehensive counterattack on the Eastern Front.

By the end of the war on February 3, 65438, the panicked MacArthur ordered the "United Nations Army" to retreat across the board, and the volunteers immediately pursued it. In the following days, the "United Nations Army" on the western front retreated from Qingchuan River to the 38th parallel, while the "United Nations Army" on the eastern front retreated to Xianxing and Nanxing, and fled from the sea by boat. On February 24th, 65438, the 9th Corps of the Volunteers and the Korean People's Army captured the Xianxing and Nanxing areas, and the second campaign to resist US aggression and aid Korea came to an end. In the second battle, more than 36,000 people were killed or injured in the east and west lines of the Volunteers, including more than 24,000 Americans, which dealt a heavy blow to the enemy.

Personal analysis believes that "those who do not seek the overall situation are not enough to seek a domain; He who does not seek eternal life is not enough for a moment. " At the end of the first campaign to resist US aggression and aid Korea, under the situation that the enemy had retreated to the south of the Qingchuan River, Peng used the tactics of "showing weakness and luring the enemy" to plan the second campaign, and finally succeeded in luring the arrogant enemy to the scheduled battlefield, achieving the goal of annihilating a large number of effective forces of the enemy and reversing the situation on the Korean battlefield in one fell swoop. This just reflects the difference between "seeking the overall situation" and "seeking a domain", "seeking the whole world" and "seeking a moment"

In terms of "seeking the overall situation" and "seeking territory", at the end of the first campaign, the volunteers pushed the front from the south of Yalu River to Qingchuan River and captured a vast area north of Qingchuan River. If the volunteers just "seek a place" at this time, care about the gains and losses of a city and a place, and confront the enemy with the Qingchuan River as the boundary, then on the one hand, they will prematurely expose their strength and intentions, so that the enemy can be prepared in advance, which is not conducive to the next battle; On the other hand, it will make itself fall into positional warfare and tough battles with the enemy prematurely, and this mode of war is not worth the loss for the volunteers who are at a disadvantage in weapons and equipment and logistics supply.

If the volunteers can "seek the overall situation" at this time, regardless of the gains and losses of a city and a place, they will take the initiative to retreat from the Qingchuan River, set an ambush north of the Qingchuan River in advance, and then lure the enemy from the Qingchuan River to the north to enter the scheduled battlefield. Then, not only can we achieve the goal of destroying the enemy's effective forces in large numbers, but we can also "take one step back and take two steps forward" and achieve greater results. Judging from the results of the second campaign, the volunteers not only wiped out 36,000 enemies, but also successfully pushed the front southward, from Qingchuan River to the 38th parallel, which expanded the depth and reversed the battlefield situation in one fell swoop. In other words, we have achieved "one step back and two steps forward", which is the result of "seeking the overall situation" and is also different from "seeking a domain"

From the perspective of "seeking all eternity" and "seeking the moment", it is the difference between a long-term victory and a temporary victory. At the end of the first battle, if the volunteers care about the temporary victory and cling to the "trophy" obtained by the temporary victory, they will be worried and rigid, unable to understand the flexibility and unpredictability of tactics. Imagine, if the volunteers have been confronting the enemy in Qingchuan River, can they still use the tactic of "luring the enemy deeper"? Can we still use the tactic of "splitting panic"? The answer is definitely no, but we can only defend or attack, go straight to the enemy and fight a war of attrition with the other side.

"Fighting for eternity" means fighting for long-term victory. Take Feihu Mountain as an example. Peng adopted the tactic of "showing weakness and luring the enemy" and voluntarily gave up this temporary "trophy", which made the enemy taste the sweetness, made MacArthur think that he had won, made the already arrogant enemy more arrogant, and made the enemy fall to the point of "pride goes before a fall". Moreover, after the second battle, who held the "trophy" that Hu Feishan temporarily gave up? Everyone will understand what is a long-term victory and what is the difference between "temporary" and "forever".

Chairman Mao said in "On Protracted War": "We have always advocated luring the enemy deeper because in strategic defense, it is the most effective military policy to strengthen the enemy with the weak. In the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the volunteers were in a weak position, such as weapons and equipment, logistics and other "hardware", while in the "software" such as fighting will and army morale, the volunteers occupied an absolute advantage. As long as we can overcome the weakness in hardware and give full play to the advantages in software, we can win the final victory. So, how to do it specifically? The answer is what Chairman Mao said-lure the enemy into depth and fight a battle that is beneficial to me at a time and place that is beneficial to me.

Sun Tzu's Art of War said: "Lure them with benefits, humble them but arrogant them, attack them unprepared and take them by surprise." This sentence means to give the enemy a little benefit, then seduce him, express his weakness with humble words, make him complacent, strike the enemy where the enemy is unprepared, and strike the enemy where the enemy is unexpected. Peng ordered the abandonment of the Flying Tiger Mountain, which gave the enemy a little benefit and made MacArthur think that he had won. The strength of the volunteers was weak and the arrogance was expanding. As a result, under Peng's "showing weakness and luring the enemy" tactics, MacArthur successfully wiped out 36,000 troops, including as many as 24,000 American troops. Let us pay tribute to the great Chinese people's Volunteer Army!