A Brief Introduction of Flaubert's Sunday Author

(1850 ~ 1893), a French writer, is an excellent French critical realist writer in the second half of19th century. 1850 was born in a declining aristocratic family in Normandy province, northwest France. 1870 went to Paris to study law, which coincided with the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War. He should have joined the army with a certificate. After leaving the army, he worked in the Admiralty and the Ministry of Education. 19 The 1970s was an important preparation stage for his literary creation, and Flaubert, a famous writer and friend of his uncle's mother, was his literary tutor. Mo Bosang's literary achievements are the most outstanding in short stories, and he enjoys the reputation of a master of short stories in the world. He is good at intercepting typical fragments from trivial matters and summing up the truth of life from childhood to adulthood. His short stories mainly depict human feelings and the world, with unique conception and layout, and unique details, characters' language and story ending. In addition to boule de suif (1880), Mo Bosang also created Family (188 1), Uncle Yule (1883) and Father Milon (18). Mo Bosang's novels have also made relatively high achievements. He wrote six novels: Life (1883), Good Friends (also translated by Belami, 1885), Hot Springs (1886) and Pierre and John (1887).

Mo Bosang wrote six novels and more than 356 short stories in his life. His literary achievements are the most prominent in short stories, and he is known as the "king of short stories", which has a great influence on later generations.

Mo Bosang was born into a declining aristocratic family. His mother is addicted to literature and art and has a deep literary accomplishment, especially poetry. Under his influence, Mo Bosang dreamed of becoming a poet when he was a teenager. /kloc-started writing poetry at the age of 0/3.

When he was in middle school in Rouen, he was influenced by the teacher and poet Louis Buner and began to create various genres of works. After that, he practiced writing under Flaubert's personal guidance and participated in the activities of a group of naturalistic writers headed by Zola. 1870, Mo Bosang participated in the Franco-Prussian War. After leaving the army, he still engaged in literary writing after work.

Boule de Suif (1880) was selected as a collection of short stories in Meitang Evening News, which jumped into the French literary world and reached its peak in the 1980s. During 10, he wrote six novels: Life (1883), Good Friends (1885), Hot Springs (1886) and Pierre and John (1887). These works exposed the dark inside story of the Third Republic: cabinet officials deceived the parliament and people from the interests of financial giants and launched an imperialist war to plunder the African colony Morocco; Attacked the corruption, greed, deception and shamelessness of the ruling clique. Mo Bosang also wrote more than 350 short stories, exposing the upper rulers and their poisonous social atmosphere, and at the same time expressing deep sympathy for the insulted and damaged little people.

The themes of short stories can be roughly summarized into three aspects: first, satirizing vanity and money worship, such as Necklace and My Uncle Yule; The second is to describe the miserable experience of working people and praise their integrity, simplicity and generosity, such as return; The third is to describe the Franco-Prussian War and reflect the patriotic feelings of the French people, such as boule de suif.

The ingenious layout structure of Mo Bosang's short stories. The choice of typical details, lyrical narrative techniques and fluent and natural writing style all provided models for later writers.

In addition, his keen observation is also commendable. Since Flaubert's apprenticeship, he has traveled long distances from Paris to Flaubert's residence in the suburbs of Rouen with his new exercises every Sunday to listen to Flaubert's comments on the exercises he handed in the previous week. Flaubert is very strict with him. First of all, he is required to observe things keenly and thoroughly. Under the guidance of the teacher, Mo Bosang gradually became good at "discovering the features that others have not found or written". Later, he talked about the writer's careful and keen observation of things. He said, "You should carefully observe everything you want to express, take a long time, and concentrate on it, so that you can find those aspects that no one has seen or said so far. In order to describe a burning fire or a tree on the ground, we need to stand in front of this fire or this tree until we feel that they are no longer the same as other flames and other trees. "

On one occasion, Flaubert suggested that Mo Bosang do such exercise: go out for a run on horseback, come back after an hour or two, and write down everything he saw. Mo Bosang exercised his observation in this way for a year.

Mo Bosang, a French writer, lived a short life. In his creative career of nearly 65,438+00 years, he published 27 collections of short stories and 6 novels. Troya, a French biographer, revealed some little-known secrets of Mo Bosang Mo Bosang, a romantic writer, and reappeared his playful and absurd life.

"Too much contact with indecent women!"

1In July, 893, Zola said in the eulogy of Mo Bosang's funeral: "He has quick thinking and outstanding achievements. He is not satisfied with single writing and fully enjoys the fun of life." This joy of life means that Mo Bosang likes boating, swimming and chasing women. For this lifelong unmarried writer, women occupy an important position in his life, whether in daily life or in his characters.

Mo Bosang spent his youth in love and sports. He likes boating and swimming best. /kloc-When he was 0/8 years old, he saw many girls in swimsuits from Paris on the beach in his hometown. He stared at them greedily and tried to satisfy a girl named Fanny. Mo Bosang was fascinated by Fanny's charming smile and elegant manners. He did not hesitate to write a poem to express his love to her. But a few days later, when Mo Bosang visited Fanny, she was laughing and reading his poems with some young people. Shame and anger aside, he thinks that women are hypocritical, frivolous and contemptible creatures. The only reason they exist in the world is to satisfy men's lust. Since then, he has been prejudiced against women.

/kloc-at the age of 0/9, Mo Bosang graduated from high school and entered the Paris Law School in the same year. 1870 In July, after the Franco-Prussian War broke out, he dropped out of school and joined the army. After the war, he got a job as a clerk in the Admiralty. He is bored and annoyed by the tedious official business and the affairs of those who only have Nuo Nuo. On holidays, he will walk along the Seine and swim in the river. During this period, he and five partners who love water sports bought a yacht and named it "Rose Leaf". They formed a small club, often overeating and promiscuous until they were exhausted. They often take several women on yachts and have fun together. They always sleep with women after every boating. They often exchange sexual partners and compare their love performance. Mo Bosang likes beautiful girls in the countryside best. They are dressed simply, plump and simple-minded. He told this absurd experience in a novel called Rope Girl. The rope girl slept with five boys without any feelings, and she didn't know whose child she was pregnant with. This debauchery finally brought bad consequences to Mo Bosang: he contracted syphilis. Although he didn't care at first, he still ate, drank and slept with prostitutes, but in the end the disease killed him.

Ladies and gentlemen of the salon's darling.

Mo Bosang came from rural Normandy and used to associate with ordinary women and prostitutes. When he first arrived in Paris, he even asked Flaubert for advice on etiquette and address when dealing with your wife. After Mo Bosang became famous, he became famous not only at home, but also abroad. Financial resources are rolling in, buying villas and yachts, and expanding social circles. Mo Bosang is strong, romantic and handsome, and is very popular with ladies. With his growing fame, ladies in the upper class also worship and pursue him. The lady in the boudoir even wrote to him to express her admiration and affection. Mo Bosang is very popular with women. In addition to her glamorous appearance, she is also very distinctive in character. In Mo Bosang, there are both savage beast and pity for people, some are naive and cunning, some are sincere and mischievous, and some are kind and stupid. This versatile, passionate and reckless countryman is very popular with women.

Among the ladies in Mo Bosang, the closest one, known as the "patron saint of friendship", is his compatriot Ermina leconte Dunoy. In the sunny season, he goes to her house as soon as he is free. In other places, he has never felt so comforted as being beside her. This is a blonde shawl, smiling, resolute and brave woman who loves literature. Her husband works in Romania, and she raises her son at home alone. The separated life made her feel lonely. When Mo Bosang suffered from eye diseases, she read him literary works. Her admiration for this writer is platonic spiritual love.

On the one hand, Mo Bosang was fascinated by the ladies in the upper class, on the other hand, he thought they were all "cream flour balls" ... They all said so, and used those words just like flour balls. Their stereotype in that society is cream. "

No woman deserves a lifetime commitment.

1886 1 month, younger brother Will, who is younger than Mo Bosang 10, got married. At this time, Mo Bosang was 36 years old. Hearing the news that his brother got married, he was at a loss. Should he decide his own lifelong events? But for him, this matter is a castle in the air. He believes that no woman deserves a lifetime commitment. His mother doesn't want him to marry a commoner, but the aristocratic family he pursues is just beyond his power. Mo Bosang is a man with strong sexual desire, so he keeps changing sexual partners. He admitted: "I don't love them, but they make me happy." I think they fascinate me ... "He is confused by women because he can't live without them. Wherever Mo Bosang goes, whether in Paris, Cannes or abroad, he always looks for women.

Is Mo Bosang really in love? It is said that he fell in love with a woman whose name has never been revealed. In his letter to her, he wrote: "I want to see you at once. Whether it's on the vast sea, whether it's through mountains or walking in cities or villages, I hope you can snuggle up next to me and smell the fragrance in your hair. I especially want to see your eyes, your tender eyes ... "It seems that Mo Bosang really loves her, but she has never been married.

Mo Bosang was a romantic all his life. "Farm girl, restaurant maid, half-hearted widow, poor wife, Arab woman, black woman, mature female citizen, he has so many beauties ..." The result? 43-year-old died of syphilis and mental illness1893 July 6 1 1.

What I'm good at is

Concentrate the complex life experiences of the characters in a short space and show them with clever plots.

In addition to boule de suif, the treasure in the short story library, Mo Bosang also wrote Family (188 1), My Uncle Yule (1883), Milon's Dad (1383) and Two Friends. Mo Bosang's novels have also made relatively high achievements. He wrote six novels: Life (1883), Good Friends (also translated by Belami, 1885), Hot Springs (1886) and Pierre and John (1887).

Mo Bosang has early symptoms of neuralgia. He struggled tenaciously with the disease for a long time, insisted on writing, and his great labor intensity and unrestrained life gradually made him terminally ill. Until 189 1, he couldn't write any more. After suffering from cruel diseases, he finally died on July 6, 1993 at the age of 43.