What is the history of Jingjiang Wang Fu and Lingnan First Mausoleum?

According to historical records, in the sixth year of Ding Yuan in the Western Han Dynasty, namely11year BC, Shi 'an County, the predecessor of Guilin, was established. By the Tang Dynasty, Guilin City had shown a prosperous scene of "temples are like the Great Wall, and trips from north to south are gathered here". In A.D. 1 133, Guilin was promoted to Jingjiang House by the Southern Song Dynasty imperial court and became the southwest capital of "Lingnan in the south and Yunnan in the west". This strategic position continued into modern times.

In A.D. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang, a cowherd, became the first emperor born in cloth after Emperor Gaozu in China history. He was ambitious, and hoped that Jiangshan would always belong to the Zhu Ming Dynasty. He enfeoffed 24 sons and a grandnephew to important state capitals in China and established a vassal king. In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Zhu Yuanzhang made his grandnephew Zhu Shouqian king of Jingjiang, living in Guilin and governing the southwest. In the ninth year of Hongwu, Zhu Shouqian officially entered Guilin.

"Liao Bai has slept, I haven't slept yet, and Liao Bai has got up first." When Zhu Yuanzhang was busy eating, walking and thinking about government affairs, Zhu Shouqian couldn't help being arrogant and extravagant. "Like a small group, Cantonese people complained." In order to maintain the rule and stabilize the regime, Zhu Yuanzhang had to abolish it as Shu Ren and move to Guangxi. In the second year of Wen Jian (1400), Zhu Zanyi, the eldest son of Zhu Shouqian, succeeded to the throne and returned to Guilin in the first year of Yongle (1403). Since then, King Jingjiang has ruled Guilin for 280 years, with the number of people in office 14, and he was the longest-serving vassal in the Ming Dynasty.

Jingjiang Wang Fu was built under the auspices of Du Xiufeng in the fifth year of Hongwu, which lasted for 20 years. It is difficult to count the human and financial resources spent. Wang Fu covers an area of 6.5438+0.8 million square meters, with Duxiufeng as the center, a palace in the south of the mountain and an "imperial garden" in the north of the mountain. It is magnificent.

In A.D. 1650, after the demise of the Ming Dynasty, Kong Youde, king of Dingnan, changed Jingjiang Wang Fu to Dingnan Wang Fu. 1652, when the peasant army besieged Guilin, Kong Youde was defeated and set himself on fire, and the palace was also set on fire. A little girl escaped from a fire in Wang Fu. Her name is Kong Sizhen, the youngest daughter of Kong Youde. The little girl fled to Beijing, was sheltered by the royal family and grew up slowly. Foresighted sourdrang dowager took Kong Sizhen, who had lived in the palace for several years, as his adopted daughter in order to win over the Han generals and consolidate the rule of the Qing Dynasty in southwest China, made her a title of "Gege Heshuo" and married her to Sun Yanling, a military leader in Guangxi. But her husband died early in the complicated political and military struggle in the southwest, and she had to return to Beijing to spend the rest of her life alone. Later, she died of depression, and the location of her mausoleum is still called the "Princess Tomb"; Later, the legendary story of the princess of the Han Dynasty was translated into a novel by a writer named Qiong Yao, and this novel was adapted into a TV series of the Qing Dynasty, which was once popular throughout the country. This is the famous Princess Zhu Huan.

Once Jingjiang Wang Fu experienced hundreds of years of wind and rain, which was almost burned out. Now you can only vaguely see the well-preserved palace bottom, Goulan watchtower, Yuntai jade, bluestone walkway and unearthed glazed tiles. In the Qing Dynasty, Jingjiang Wang Fu was changed to "Gong Yuan", which became the seat of Guangxi provincial government in the Republic of China and is now the campus of Guangxi Normal University. Children and grandchildren have long gone, only the African tree in the yard seems to be telling the distant past, and it has gradually become a legend in the campus air, drifting towards its destination-Jingjiang Mausoleum.

In the early morning just after the rain, the world is a little hazy, the grass is deep and the forest is dense, and even the guide will accidentally go the wrong way. Looking for it, I didn't know that I had entered the boundary of Jingjiang Mausoleum until I found the Ming Dynasty tiles on the ground.

In Jingjiang Mausoleum, as long as you pick up a brick on the ground and watch it carefully, you can quietly feel the breath of the Ming Dynasty on the glazed surface of those green glazed tiles.

Jingjiang Mausoleum is backed by Yaoshan Mountain, the highest peak in the east of Guilin, with a magnificent momentum, covering an area of 105 square kilometers. * * * There are more than 300 tombs of Wang's relatives and consorts in the Ming Dynasty, including Wang's and Fei's tombs 1 1, and there are more than 300 existing stone carvings. With a large number, wide range and well-preserved, it is the only tomb of princes in China and is known as the "First Mausoleum of Lingnan".

According to the tomb regulations at that time, there was a Shinto in front of the tomb of Zhu Bangning, the eighth generation king of Jingjiang, and a sacrificial ceremony composed of stone men and beasts more than two meters high was displayed on both sides of the Shinto. Shi Min includes civil servants, military commanders and waiters. Among the stone beasts, there are unicorns and spiders standing, tigers and lions squatting, elephants and sheep kneeling. All kinds of sculptures are lifelike. These stone statues were used in front of the tomb, showing the nobility, authority and dignity of Jingjiang royal family.

These hard and cold stone carvings stand on the soft loess, and every two cemeteries are like raising a sacred flag. The stone statue is the armor of the tomb, which protects the cemetery from infringement; It is the clothes of the cemetery, covering up the history for the grave.

The front of the ceremony is a huabiao, which is called "watchtower" in the tomb. Unfortunately, Jingjiang Wang Fu has already declined, leaving only the lotus base in front of the tomb, facing the sky in vain.

There is a tablet behind the stone statue of civil servants, which has always been thought to be a tablet without words. Later, some experts verified that there should be words on the tablet. So what is the content of this word and what kind of history does it tell? No one knows for sure now. What we know is that there will be shepherds grazing cattle in the once solemn tomb of the Wang family. In the end, civilians and nobles belong to a pile of loess, and all the splendor has been buried in loess for a long time.

The famous Ming Tombs in Beijing are also the Ming Tombs. There is a total Shinto in front of the tomb, which is also a major feature of the Ming Tombs. Jingjiang Mausoleum has Shinto in front of every mausoleum. There is only one set of stone ceremonial ceremonies in the Ming Tombs in Beijing, but every mausoleum in Jingjiang Mausoleum has a complete set of stone ceremonial ceremonies. At present, there are more than 300 sacrificial statues of Jingjiang stone statues, far exceeding the Ming Tombs in Beijing. Judging from the scale of Jingjiang Mausoleum, experts have come to the conclusion that Guilin in Ming Dynasty was a very rich southern city. Although King Jingjiang can only be called Xiao Wang in the south, his wealth is still considerable.

The tomb of bamboo slips in Jingjiang Zhuang has just been restored. It is divided into two parts: surface building and underground tomb. From the entrance of the underground palace, the tombs are dense. When the archaeological team went in, most of the tombs were stolen, leaving only some beautifully shaped plum bottles. Compared with a large number of stolen treasures, these plum bottles are insignificant, but they are also rare and extremely precious items in the world.

More than 200 pieces of plum bottles unearthed from Jingjiang Mausoleum are now kept in Guilin Museum. These plum bottles are small in mouth, wide in shoulder and thin in body, and are praised as "Guilin plum bottles" by contemporary scholars. One of the blue and white plum bottles, with three old and cold friends, is a unique work in China at present and can be called a national treasure. There are also a lot of dragon patterns in the designs of Guilin plum bottles. As a symbol of China culture, the dragon has been the embodiment of the emperor and the symbol of imperial power since the Han Dynasty. As a royal family, Jingjiang princes can naturally use noble dragon patterns. Plum bottles in Guilin are mainly blue and white, and the patterns include pictures of babies and ladies, fish in successive years, and tangled branches. Almost all of them are priceless.