Common sense of AIDS

12. 1 AIDS Day is coming. I will study AIDS knowledge with you to protect my health. Welcome to reading.

Common sense of AIDS

1, what is AIDS?

AIDS is a serious infectious disease with high mortality. Its full medical name is "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome" (AIDS). The name expresses three definitions: first, acquired: it means acquired rather than innate in etiology, and it is an infectious disease caused by HIV; Second, immune deficiency: mainly the damage caused by the virus to the human immune system, leading to the reduction and loss of the protective function of the immune system; Syndrome: refers to a complex syndrome among opportunistic infections caused by immune deficiency and clinical symptoms caused by tumors in various systems.

2. What is the difference between infected people and AIDS patients?

It takes some time for HIV to reproduce after it enters the human body. In the initial stage, the immune function of the infected person was not seriously damaged, so there were no obvious symptoms. We call such people HIV-infected. When the immune function of infected people is destroyed to a certain extent, other germs will take advantage of it. At this time, infected people will become AIDS patients. The development from HIV-infected people to AIDS patients can range from several months to several years, usually 8- 10 years, and the longest can reach 19 years.

3. How are healthy people infected with HIV?

AIDS is mainly transmitted through sexual contact, blood and mother to child.

4. Can AIDS be treated?

5. What are the symptoms of AIDS?

From HIV infection to becoming an AIDS patient, it can be divided into three periods:

(1) Acute infection period: it usually occurs 2-6 weeks after HIV infection. It is characterized by fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes and rash. Generally, it lasts for about two weeks and subsides on its own. But not everyone will have an obvious acute infection period, and the incidence rate is about 50%-75%. Infected people in this period are contagious.

(2) Asymptomatic infection period: characterized by no obvious symptoms, it is the incubation period of AIDS. Hiv-infected people in the incubation period are contagious, also known as HIV carriers. At this time, the positive detection rate of HIV antibody is almost 100%.

(3) AIDS phase: manifested as systemic symptoms, such as persistent irregular low fever; Persistent systemic lymphadenopathy, especially in two or more parts of the body except groin, is generally 1 cm in size and has no pain; Persistent chronic diarrhea; Weight loss 10% or more within three months; Night sweats first appeared at night and then developed into daytime. Extreme fatigue, memory loss, repeated headaches, slow response and even dementia; Pneumonia, tuberculosis, enteritis and even tumors have appeared. HIV antibody positive.

6. Will HIV-infected people die immediately?

People infected with HIV will not die immediately. The longer the incubation period, the longer the life span of HIV-infected people. Therefore, HIV-infected people should not give up on themselves, and try their best to delay the onset. As long as they don't enter the onset period, HIV carriers can live and work like normal people.

7. How to prevent HIV from spreading through sexual behavior?

In order to prevent AIDS from spreading through sex, we should adopt safe sex. First, there is only one sexual partner who is loyal to the other party and is not infected with AIDS; The second is to use condoms correctly every time you have sex.

8. Will sexually transmitted diseases increase the possibility of HIV infection?

Yes, because many kinds of sexually transmitted diseases can cause inflammation or ulcers in reproductive parts and damage skin or mucous membranes. If you have sex with HIV-infected people at this time, the HIV in the semen or vaginal secretions of the other party will enter the body through damaged skin or mucosa. Therefore, STD patients are more likely to be infected and spread AIDS than ordinary people. If you are worried that you are infected with sexually transmitted diseases, it is the most reliable way to go to the hospital for examination. After getting sexually transmitted diseases, you should go to the hospital for formal treatment as soon as possible, and never use drugs indiscriminately or go to a street doctor for treatment, which may delay your illness and cause endless future troubles. Some people do not carry out thorough treatment according to the doctor's requirements, but stop treatment immediately after the symptoms disappear, which often will not be completely cured and may lead to serious complications.

9, a correct understanding of condoms

Condoms can not only prevent contraception, but also prevent sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS. However, it is only safe to use condoms with qualified quality correctly. Pay attention to the following points when using condoms:

(1) See the manufacturer and expiration date clearly. The box of condoms will indicate the manufacturer, production date and expiration date. Condoms that do not indicate these may be unqualified.

(2) expired condoms can't be used, and they can't be used when the color turns yellow or the rubber is hard.

10, how to use condoms correctly?

(1) Pay attention to the validity period, manufacturer and certificate of condom;

(2) Prepare two or more condoms. If the condoms are broken during sexual life, they can be replaced with new ones immediately;

(3) Carefully tear the packaging bag and be careful not to cut the condom;

(4) One hand squeezes the ball at the top of the condom, and the other hand gradually spreads the condom to the penis root;

(5) Wearing a condom before the penis is erect and not in contact with the other party's sexual organs can effectively avoid contact with body fluids;

(6) When the penis is not soft, after ejaculation immediately takes off the condom. Hold the cuff with one hand, carefully pull it out and tighten the cuff to prevent semen from overflowing and vaginal fluid from getting to your hands;

(7) Condoms can only be used once and cannot be reused. Used condoms should be properly disposed of, such as wrapped in toilet paper and thrown into the trash can.

How do drug addicts get infected with HIV?

Drug addicts often use needles and needles. If one of them is infected with HIV, the syringe will be contaminated, and then HIV will be transmitted to other drug users through needles. In addition, drugs make drug addicts' physique decline, which increases the possibility of HIV infection and morbidity.

What are drugs?

Drugs usually refer to opium, morphine, heroin, marijuana, cocaine, amphetamine-type drugs (such as ice water poison, Yaotou pills, etc.). There are many kinds of drugs. According to preliminary statistics, there are more than 400 kinds controlled by various international conventions and treaties. Opioid drugs, including opium (opium), morphine and heroin (white powder), are toxic and addictive. The harm of drugs mainly lies in their addiction. Long-term smoking or injection will make people emaciated, lose their physical fitness, suffer from insomnia, loss of appetite, irritability, vomiting, trembling and other symptoms, easily lead to hallucinations, decreased understanding, judgment, memory and immune function, leading to mental disorders. Excessive use can lead to poisoning and death.

13, How to prevent AIDS during blood transfusion?

Blood transfusion has created many miracles and brought people back to life. However, if blood with HIV is imported, almost all people who receive blood will be infected with HIV. Therefore, ensuring the safety of blood transfusion and blood products is an important barrier to prevent HIV from spreading through blood. Our country now has laws that all blood for medical use must be tested for HIV antibody, and the medical and health departments have the responsibility to ensure the safe use of blood. Each of us should also play a supervisory role in the safe use of blood:

(1) Try to avoid unnecessary blood transfusion.

(2) If blood transfusion is needed, you have the right to know whether the blood has been tested for HIV antibody.

(3) Don't blindly use blood products for the so-called "increasing resistance".

14. Why do you advocate voluntary blood donation?

Blood is an indispensable and important substance in life. Many patients need blood or blood products to save lives. How to ensure qualified blood quality? This requires everyone to participate in voluntary blood donation in regular blood stations. Regular blood stations will conduct physical examinations on all blood donors, and those who fail will be eliminated. Only in this way can the blood be clean and the people who use it can be safe. In this sense, donating blood once by unpaid blood donors not only gives love to blood users, but also contributes to controlling the spread of AIDS in China.

15, will HIV be transmitted from mother to baby?

Women infected with HIV may transmit HIV to the fetus or baby in the third trimester of pregnancy, delivery and lactation, and the possibility of transmission is 25-40%, generally about 30%.

16, how to prevent mother-to-child transmission of AIDS?

The first is to protect women from HIV infection so as not to transmit the virus to children. If women infected with HIV still want to have children, they should go to the hospital regularly for prenatal guidance and take antiviral drugs that block mother-to-child transmission. When giving birth to a child, caesarean section can be used. After the baby is born, it should be artificially fed.

17, can ordinary daily contact infect HIV?

Daily contact will not infect HIV. None of the following behaviors will spread HIV.

(1) Shake hands, hug, touch and kiss with HIV-infected people;

(2) Eating and drinking with HIV-infected people, using chopsticks and cups;

(3) using public facilities with HIV infection, such as toilets, swimming pools, public baths, telephones, buses, etc.;

(four) living, working and using labor tools with HIV infected people;

(5) Shopping and using paper money;

(6) Coughing, sneezing, shedding tears, sweating and urinating;

(7) Insect bites such as mosquitoes, flies and cockroaches.

18, suspected that he had AIDS. Where can I get a test?

Generally speaking, HIV antibody testing can be done in hospitals and health and epidemic prevention stations at or above the county level with primary screening qualifications, and the diagnosis must be tested in the provincial centers for disease control and prevention (CDC).

19, when will the test be done?

HIV antibody should be tested at 0, 6, 12 weeks and half a year after high-risk behavior. If HIV antibody is not detected after half a year, it is considered that HIV is not infected. The first three months of HIV infection are called "window period". Although HIV antibodies can appear after 2 weeks of infection, at this time, the body has not produced enough antibodies and may not be able to detect whether it has been infected. If you have high-risk behaviors, you can test them to determine whether you have been infected before. Although HIV antibody may not be detected in the "window period", it is also contagious. Therefore, condoms should be used when having sex during this period.

20. Can the test results be kept confidential?

Testing institutions and doctors must keep secrets for you. If you leak, you can seek legal protection

2 1, how do you treat people infected with HIV around you?

If you find AIDS patients around you, don't be afraid, and you can't look down on them and exclude them. The correct attitude towards HIV-infected people is to sympathize with, care for and try to help them so that they can live and work normally without spreading diseases. If others are afraid of them, we can take the lead to go to their home, shake hands with them and help them harvest crops, thus eliminating people's fears.

22. How to treat the families of HIV-infected people?

It is not easy for the families of HIV-infected people to bear the great pain of their loved ones suffering from AIDS, but also to take care of and arrange the patients. We should give full sympathy, care and help to the families of HIV-infected people like all other unfortunate families. This is very necessary to create a safe social environment conducive to controlling the AIDS epidemic.

23. What should I do if I am infected with HIV?

If you are unfortunately infected with HIV, your life and mood may be greatly disturbed. However, being infected with HIV does not mean becoming an AIDS patient. HIV has a long incubation period in the body, and there is no difference between infected people and healthy people during the incubation period. The key is to delay the onset time. As long as you do the following, you can keep your immunity from falling too fast and the number of HIV from increasing too fast: (1) Accept the facts, don't give up on yourself, and keep a psychological balance and optimistic mood;

(2) Regular hospitalization and receiving the guidance of medical staff;

(3) Avoid infection and skin damage, and actively carry out targeted treatment;

If you are healthy, you can continue to work. Having a job and being able to work is not only beneficial to one's mental health, but also can maintain the source of the economy;

(5) Resolutely change high-risk behaviors;

(6) Ensure adequate nutrition and adequate rest;

(7) Quit smoking and drinking, exercise properly and live a regular life. This will greatly delay the onset of AIDS and prolong life. I believe that mankind will defeat HIV one day.

24. How do people living with HIV get along with others?

People living with HIV should be kind to others as well as themselves. Only by not discriminating against yourself can you not be discriminated against by others:

(1) Tell your sexual partner the truth about your illness. If you are infected with HIV, you still need sex. You can have sex. But if you want to tell each other about your infection, you must adhere to the principle of safe living and use condoms correctly, so as not to transmit the virus to each other;

(2) In addition to telling sexual partners and doctors, you can not disclose your illness to anyone else, as long as you don't have high-risk behaviors of HIV infection with them;

(3) The law stipulates that the intentional transmission of HIV is a criminal act, therefore, HIV must never be intentionally transmitted to others; (4) Do not use needles, razors, toothbrushes and other items with others;

(5) Do not donate blood, human organs or sperm. Such behavior can make you win the respect of people around you, which is beneficial to your normal life and work.

25. What are the obligations and responsibilities of HIV-infected people and patients?

Its obligations and responsibilities are:

(1) HIV-infected people and AIDS patients should obey the guidance of medical personnel and the management of health and epidemic prevention departments;

(2) AIDS patients should postpone marriage, and if HIV-infected people apply for marriage, both parties should receive medical consultation;

(three) knowing that others are infected with HIV or AIDS, they shall be investigated for legal responsibility according to law;

(4) HIV infected persons and AIDS patients are not allowed to donate blood, semen, organs, tissues and cells.

26. What should the families of HIV-infected people do?

If you have HIV-infected people in your family, don't be afraid, because HIV will not spread in daily life. Many successful cases at home and abroad show that other members of HIV-infected families can get along closely with infected people without being infected. As a family member of the infected person, you need to:

(1) Couples should insist on using condoms correctly in sexual life;

(2) Use toothbrush, razor, nail clipper and other items that are easy to break the skin or mucous membrane alone;

(3) Spouses and sexual partners should regularly go to regular hospitals for testing and accept the guidance of doctors. Infected people need different care and support from their families at different stages: in the incubation period, their main concern is spiritual care, sincere acceptance rather than abandonment. At the same time, give proper care in work and life, and don't make it too tired. Ensure the nutrition of infected people as much as possible. There are some commonly used drugs at home, such as band-AIDS, gauze and anti-inflammatory drugs. Pay attention to avoid opportunistic infection, and go to the hospital for treatment in time if there is infection. In the onset period, HIV-infected people, like patients with other diseases, need care. The immunity of AIDS patients is very weak, so we should pay special attention not to bring germs to them when taking care of them. At home, we should do a good job in hygiene, maintain good ventilation, learn some basic nursing knowledge from doctors or nurses, take good care of patients according to the guidance of doctors, and actively seek targeted treatment.

27. What preferential policies does the government have for AIDS patients at present, and what should be paid attention to in treatment?

According to the "four exemptions" policy, the government provides free antiviral treatment for AIDS patients who are poor, have no fixed jobs and have no living security. Patients must have strict indications for antiviral treatment and go to designated hospitals for testing. After reaching the standard of antiviral treatment, antiviral treatment can be implemented. Antiviral drugs have serious side effects, and it is easy to form drug resistance if they are missed. Patients need to take it under the guidance of a doctor, and once they take it, they need to take it for life.

28. What does the "red ribbon" symbolize?

The "red ribbon" symbolizes the care and help for HIV-infected people and patients, the love for life and the desire for equality, and participates in AIDS prevention and treatment with "heart".

29. The mother-to-child transmission and interruption of AIDS.

According to the estimate of the World Health Organization, the number of AIDS deaths in 2000 was about 3 million, of which 500,000 were children under the age of 15. In the next 10 year, 5 million to 10 million children will be infected with HIV. Since the AIDS epidemic, 6 million pregnant women and more than 5 million 15 children have been infected with HIV, of which 4 million died of AIDS, and more than 90% occurred in Asia and Africa. Without intervention, there will be 1600 babies infected with HIV every day in the world.

Mother-to-child transmission is the main way for infants to be infected with HIV. About 90% of newborn HIV infection is acquired through mother-to-child transmission. Without any intervention, the natural incidence of mother-to-child transmission of HIV is 25% ~ 40% in developing countries and 15% ~ 25% in developed countries. Although Africa only accounts for 10% of the global population, the number of infected children in this region accounts for nearly 90% of the global population. The main reasons for this phenomenon are the high HIV infection rate among pregnant women (40%) and the high birth rate in Africa, and the failure to take effective measures to block mother-to-child transmission.

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV can be through placenta, delivery and breast-feeding, of which about 70% are infected during delivery. The main interventions include the use of antiviral drugs, selective caesarean section and artificial feeding. After comprehensive intervention, the mother-to-child transmission rate can be reduced to 8% ~ 10%, or even controlled within 2%.

At present, the data of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in China are extremely detailed. According to the data collected so far, by the end of 200 1, 55 cases of mother-to-child transmission of HIV had been reported in China. There is widespread underreporting of HIV infection among children in China, and children in China are seriously threatened by HIV/AIDS.

30. What is the theme of World AIDS Day since1988?

1988 global begging and conquest for a period of time.

1989 Our life, our world-let's care for each other.

1990 women and AIDS

199 1 year * * * Meeting the challenge of AIDS.

1992 it is the responsibility of the whole society to prevent AIDS.

1993 Time waits for no one, let's act.

1994 AIDS and family

1995 * * * enjoys the rights and interests, and * * * assumes the responsibilities.

1996 one world, one hope

Children living in an AIDS world

1998 teenagers-a new force in the fight against AIDS

1999 Pay attention to teenagers and prevent AIDS-listen, learn and respect.

In 2000, men were duty-bound to prevent AIDS.

Aids prevention and treatment 200 1, you and I will participate together.

In 2002, we cared about each other and enjoyed life.

In 2003, we cared about each other and enjoyed life.

Pay attention to women and fight AIDS in 2004

In 2005? Stop AIDS and keep your promise? .

What is the theme of World AIDS Day in 2006? Stop AIDS and keep your promise?

In 2007, as in last year, "Stop AIDS and keep your promise".

★ Extended reading

Spread of AIDS

AIDS is mainly transmitted through sexual contact, blood and mother to child.

AIDS prevention

Self-care and observing sexual morality are the fundamental measures to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS. Freedom of sexual life, premarital and extramarital sex are hotbeds for the rapid spread of AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases, and prostitution and other activities are important dangerous behaviors for the spread of AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases.

Proper use of condoms can not only prevent pregnancy, but also reduce the risk of contracting AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases. Proper use of qualified condoms can not only prevent pregnancy, but also effectively reduce the risk of AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases. Except the correct use of condoms, other contraceptive measures can not prevent AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases. The risk of male infected people transmitting AIDS to women is significantly higher than that of women transmitting AIDS to men. Women have the right to ask each other to use condoms during sexual intercourse.

◆ * * * Taking drugs with syringes is an important way to spread AIDS. Drug abuse is an illegal act, which not only seriously endangers the health and life of drug addicts, but also harms families and society. Stay away from drugs can avoid HIV infection due to drug abuse to the maximum extent. People who use syringes with others are particularly vulnerable to AIDS. Using clean syringes instead of syringes can effectively reduce the risk of spreading AIDS through drug abuse. Sexual intercourse with people who inject drugs is easy to get AIDS.

◆ Avoid unnecessary blood transfusion and injection. Donating blood for free according to law, putting an end to selling blood, and carrying out strict HIV antibody testing on blood products to ensure the safety of blood use are the key measures to prevent the spread of AIDS through blood collection and supply. Unnecessary blood transfusion and injection should be avoided as far as possible. When blood transfusion is necessary, blood with negative HIV antibody test and disposable or strictly sterilized infusion sets should be used. Knives, needles and other instruments used by medical staff and service personnel in special industries (hotels, hotels, bathhouses, barbershops, beauty salons, foot washing rooms, etc.) are easy to puncture or scratch the skin. ) must undergo strict disinfection.