I want to go out to play and relax on May Day. Where are you going?

I. Overview of Hainan

Hainan Province is located at the southernmost tip of China, bordering Qiongzhou Strait in the north, Beibu Gulf in the west, Democratic Republic of Viet Nam in the east, South China Sea and Taiwan Province Province in the east, and Philippine, Brunei and Malaysia in the southeast and south. The administrative areas of Hainan Province include Hainan Island, Xisha Islands, zhongsha islands, the islands and reefs of Nansha Islands and their sea areas. The total land area of the province (including Hainan Island and Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha Islands) is 35,000 square kilometers, and the sea area is about 2 million square kilometers. Hainan Island is shaped like an oval Sydney, running from northeast to southwest, with a total area of 33,900 square kilometers (excluding satellite island). It is the second largest island in China after Taiwan Province Island. Qiongzhou Strait, separated from Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula, is about 18 nautical mile wide. Zengmu shoal in Nansha Islands is the southernmost territory of China.

Hainan Province-1988 On April 13, the first meeting of the Seventh National People's Congress adopted a decision on the establishment of Hainan Province and a resolution on the establishment of Hainan Special Economic Zone; On April 26th, 1988, Hainan Provincial Party Committee and Hainan Provincial People's Government were officially listed. Since then, Hainan has become the youngest province and the largest special economic zone in China, and its development has entered a brand-new historical period. China is a pearl in the South China Sea and the second largest island in China after Taiwan Province Province. China has the smallest land area and the largest ocean area. Provincial capital: Haikou. The total land area is 33,920 square kilometers, the forest area1714,700 hectares, and the forest coverage rate is 5 1%. Tropical natural forests, which account for about half of the forest area in the province, have been completely stopped from protection and restoration since 1994. The main tree species in the plantation are rubber, eucalyptus, Casuarina equisetifolia, acacia, Pinus koraiensis, mango, longan, litchi, coconut, betel nut and other tropical fruit trees. The main forest by-products are tropical fruits, paper scraps, rubber and rubber materials, turpentine, southern medicine and so on. Hainan is located in the tropics, with an annual average temperature of 23-25℃ at east longitude 108 degrees 37 minutes, north latitude-10 degrees 05 minutes, and north latitude -20 degrees10 minutes. It is the coldest in February. Long summer without winter. When the northern country thousands of miles away is frozen, it is still warm and warm here, so you can take a sea bath. The island covers an area of about 34,000 square kilometers and has a population of 7 million, including about 65,438+200,000 ethnic minorities such as Li, Miao and Hui.

Hainan Island is at the same latitude as Hawaii in the United States, with rich coastal tourism resources of 1528 km, which can be developed into a world-class tourist destination. The climate on the island is pleasant all year round, and it is rich in minerals, animals and plants, especially oil and natural gas. Tropical rain forests and mangroves are rare forest types in China, which are ideal places for scientific research, tourism and teaching. 4200 species of plants were found, accounting for 15% of the national plant species, and nearly 600 species were endemic to Hainan. Among the 4,200 species of plants, there are more than 400 species of trees and shrubs/kloc-0, accounting for 28.6% of the species of trees and shrubs in China, of which more than 800 species are timber trees with high economic value; There are more than 2,500 kinds of medicinal plants, accounting for about 30% of the national medicinal plants, including 137 kinds of plants with anticancer effect; 142 kinds of fruit trees; 89 species of oil plants; There are nearly 200 other economic plants. There are 104 species of reptiles in wild animals, accounting for 29.5% of the whole country; There are 76 species of mammals, accounting for 18.6% of the whole country. Hainan's rich biology occupies a very important position in China, and protecting biodiversity is one of the key tasks of Hainan forestry. There are 58 species of national key protected plants, including class I 1 species, class II 19 species and class III 38 species. Protected animals 133 species, including national first-class 14 species, second-class 87 species and provincial 32 species.

Hainan Province is located in Asia, in the middle of the Pacific economic circle, facing Leizhou Peninsula across Qiongzhou Strait in the north, including Hainan Island, Xisha Islands, Nansha Islands, zhongsha islands's island reefs and their territorial waters. There are Wuzhishan, Limuling Mountain and terraced fields in the middle, surrounded by plains of different widths. With modern facilities such as Haikou meilan airport and Sanya Phoenix Airport, the island has become one of the top ten airports in China, with expressways around the island and high-star hotels all over the province, providing people with high-grade food, accommodation, transportation, sightseeing, shopping and entertainment. The suitable climate and excellent beaches make it full of ideal bathing beaches and summer resorts, such as Luhuitou, Yalong Bay, Dadonghai and Tianya Haijiao in Sanya, Xiuying Sea in Haikou, Qinglan Bay in Wenchang, Changpo in qionghai city, the north and south coasts of Tongguling, Monkey Island in Lingshui County, Fish Scale Island in Dongfang County and Shimei Bay in Wanning City. There are also wonders of volcanic eruption along the coast (such as Guilin Underwater Village and Ma 'anling Lava Cave in Qiongshan City) and mangrove coastal landscape. Monkey Island in Nanwan, Lingshui County is often mentioned. Wuzhishan is the highest peak in Hainan Island, which is particularly majestic. The former site of Qiongya Column in Qiongzhong is a memorial to the modern revolution. Li nationality is only distributed in Hainan Island, with a population of 654.38+200,000. They are good at textiles, printing and dyeing, clothing, and their diet has distinctive national characteristics, making them the most important ethnic tourism resources in Hainan.

Hainan Island's charming seawater, snow-white beaches, bright sunshine, charming underwater world and legendary ethnic customs will definitely make you linger. The four seasons here are like spring, the flowers are in full bloom, the melons and fruits are fragrant, the sunshine, the beach, the sea and the air, as well as the Li Miao girl and Xinglong Le Kang Hot Springs, all of which exude the special charm of this tropical island.

Two. Geography and climate

zone

Hainan Island is flat around and towering in the middle, with Wuzhishan and Ying Ge Ridge as the uplift core and gradually descending to the periphery. Mountains, hills, terraces and plains form a circular layered landform with obvious cascade structure.

Location and area:

Hainan Province is located at the southernmost tip of China, bordering Qiongzhou Strait in the north, Beibu Gulf in the west, Democratic Republic of Viet Nam in the east, South China Sea and Taiwan Province Province in the east, and Philippine, Brunei and Malaysia in the southeast and south. The administrative areas of Hainan Province include Hainan Island, Xisha Islands, zhongsha islands, the islands and reefs of Nansha Islands and their sea areas. The total land area of the province (including Hainan Island and Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha Islands) is 35,000 square kilometers, and the sea area is about 2 million square kilometers. Hainan Island is shaped like an oval Sydney, running from northeast to southwest, with a total area of 33,900 square kilometers (excluding satellite island). It is the second largest island in China after Taiwan Province Island. Qiongzhou Strait, separated from Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula, is about 18 nautical mile wide. Zengmu shoal in Nansha Islands is the southernmost territory of China.

Mountains and rivers:

Most of the mountains in Hainan Island are between 500 meters and 800 meters, and there are 8 1 block of peaks above 1000 meters above sea level. The peaks above1500m are Wuzhishan, Ying Ge Ridge, Aozong Ridge, Monkey Ridge, Yajialing and Diaoluoshan. These mountains are generally divided into three major mountains: Wuzhishan is located in the middle of Hainan Island, with the main peak at an altitude of 1867. 1 m, which is the highest peak in Hainan Island; Ying Ge Mountain is located in the northwest of Wuzhishan, with the main peak at an altitude of1811.6m; Yajialing Mountain Range is located in the west of the island, with the main peak at an altitude of 15438+09.38+0 meters. Most of the relatively large rivers in Hainan Island originate from the central mountainous areas, forming a radial water system. Only 154 rivers flow into the sea. Nandujiang River, Changhua River and Wanquan River are the three major rivers in Hainan Island, and their drainage areas account for 47% of the whole island.

Most of the mountains in Hainan Island are between 500 meters and 800 meters, which are actually hills and low mountains. There are 8 peaks 1000 meters above sea level, which have become long walls rolling on low hills. The peaks above sea level1500m include Wuzhishan, Ying Ge Ridge, Ozone Ridge, Monkey Ridge, Yaga Ridge and Diaoluo Mountain. These mountains are generally divided into three mountains. Wuzhishan is located in the middle of Hainan Island, with the main peak at an altitude of 1867. 1 m, which is the highest peak in Hainan Island. Ying Ge Mountain is located in the northwest of Wuzhishan, with the main peak at an altitude of1811.6m; Yajialing Mountain Range is located in the west of the island, with the main peak at an altitude of 15438+09.8+0 meters.

Hainan Island is high in the middle and low around, and most of the relatively large rivers originate in the central mountainous area, forming a radial water system. There are only 154 rivers flowing into the sea on the island, of which 38 rivers have a water surface exceeding 100 square kilometers. Nandujiang River, Changhuajiang River and Wanquan River are the three major rivers in Hainan Island, and their drainage areas account for 47% of the total island area. Nandujiang River originates from Nanfeng Mountain in Baisha County, obliquely crosses the northern part of the island and reaches Haikou City, with a total length of 3 1 1km. Changhua River originates from Kongshiling, Qiongzhong County, traverses the western part of Hainan Island and reaches Changhua Port, with a total length of 230 kilometers. The upper reaches of Wanquan River are divided into north branch and south branch, which originate from Wuzhishan and Fengmenling in Qiongzhong County respectively. Two tributaries flow to the mouth of Longjiang River in qionghai city and enter the sea at Boao Port, with a total length of 163km.

Climate and precipitation:

Hainan is the most tropical maritime climate in China. It is warm and hot all year round, with abundant rainfall, obvious dry and wet seasons, strong normal wind, frequent tropical storms and typhoons and diverse climate resources. The annual total solar radiation in Hainan Island is about 1 10- 140 kcal/cm2, the annual sunshine hours are 1750-2650 hours, the annual average temperature is between 23-25 degrees Celsius, and there is no winter all year round. Most areas have abundant rainfall, with the annual average rainfall of the whole island above1600 mm. The central and eastern coastal areas are humid areas, the southwest coastal areas are semi-arid areas, and other areas are semi-humid areas. The rainfall season is unevenly distributed, with drought in winter and spring, more rainfall in summer and autumn, and the illumination rate is 50- 60%. By region, the sunshine hours are the most in the western coastal areas and the least in the central mountainous areas; According to the season, according to the order of summer, spring, autumn and winter, from more to less. The annual average temperature is between 23 and 25 degrees Celsius, which is lower in the central mountainous area and higher in the southwest. There is no winter throughout the year, and it is coldest from/kloc-0 to February, with an average temperature of 1 6-24 degrees Celsius and an average extreme low temperature of more than 5 degrees Celsius. Summer is from mid-March to165438+1early October, and July to August is the month with the highest average temperature, which is 25-29 degrees Celsius. The west, south and zhongsha islands have a tropical maritime climate, with no summer and no winter, and the average annual temperature is 26.5 degrees Celsius. There is abundant rainfall in most parts of Hainan Island, with the average annual rainfall exceeding 1600 mm. The east is humid and the west is dry. The rainy center is located in the eastern mountainous area of Central China, with an annual rainfall of about 2000-2400 mm, and the annual rainfall in the western rainless area is about 1000- 1200 mm, with uneven seasonal distribution. It is dry in winter and spring, and the dry season lasts for 6 to 7 months from 1 1 to April and May of the following year. There is a lot of rainfall in summer and autumn. May to 10 is the rainy season. The total rainfall in rainy season is about 1500mm, accounting for 70-90% of the annual rainfall. Rain sources include frontal rain, thermal thunderstorm and typhoon rain. The humidity in Hainan Island is high throughout the year, and the annual average water vapor pressure is about 23 hectopascals (Qiongzhong) to 26 hectopascals (Sanya). The central and eastern coastal areas are humid areas, the southwest coastal areas are semi-dry areas, and other areas are semi-humid areas.

National customs

The residents of Hainan Province belong to Han, Li, Miao, Hui, Tibetan, Yi, Zhuang, Manchu, Dong, Yao, Bai, Dai, Wa, She, Shui, Jing, Tu, Mongolian, Buyi, Korean, Tujia, Hani, Yi and Gaoshan. There are Li, Miao, Hui and Han nationalities living in the world. For thousands of years, the primitive and unique ethnic customs have made the island's social outlook more colorful. Among them, the most distinctive is the living customs of Li and Miao nationalities. According to historical records, the Li nationality is an indigenous people in Hainan. As early as ancient times, Li compatriots cultivated and burned land on this land, and the national customs were simple. They have long been famous for their unique national culture and gorgeous brocade technology. Li compatriots mainly live in the foothills or river basins with relatively flat terrain in Wuzhishan area. These villages vary in size and are patchwork. The low thatched cottage is hidden between the dense coconut trees and Penang coconut trees. The gap between trees is surrounded by bamboo fences, and all kinds of vegetables are delicate. The clear stream flows in front of the house, giving people the feeling of "walking into the villa". Penang coconut is a valuable gift for Li to visit relatives and friends. What is the number?

Express love.

native products

Ethnic handicrafts: horn carving, rattan ware, Hainan red beans, wood painting, wood carving and root carving series products.

Gold ornaments: striped beads, diamond beads, Buddha beads, moon beads, Joan beads, seawater beads and crystals.

Tropical preserved fruit and fresh fruit: coffee, pepper, beef jerky, deer products, dried seafood, special tea, banana, pineapple, jackfruit, orange, annona, guava, Hainan grapefruit, rambutan, wampee, litchi, green coconut, brown sugar brown, red coconut, durian, longan, mango, ginseng fruit, papaya, banana, etc.

Traditional famous dishes

Wenchang chicken, the first of the "four famous dishes", is a kind of high-quality fattening chicken, named after it was produced in Wenchang, Hainan Province. According to legend, Wenchang Chicken first came from Tianci Village, Tanniu Town, a local village, where banyan trees grow. The seeds of banyan trees are rich in nutrition, and domestic chickens peck at them, making them in excellent health. Wenchang Chicken is characterized by its small size, weighing about 1.5 kg, bright coat, short wings and feet, round and flat body, thin and smooth skin and fat meat. Hainan people eat Wenchang chicken, the traditional way is to chop it (also called "white cut"), which can best reflect the original flavor of Wenchang chicken, delicious and tender. At the same time, chicken oil and chicken soup rice is commonly known as "chicken rice", which Hainan people call "eating chicken rice", including boiled chicken. White-cut Wenchang chicken is used for banquets, light meals or family dishes in Hainan. In Hong Kong and Southeast Asia, it is highly respected and has a good reputation.

Jiaji duck, one of the "four famous dishes", commonly known as muscovy duck, was introduced from abroad by overseas Chinese of Qiong nationality in the early years. It was first bred in Jiaji Town, qionghai city, and is the most famous muscovy duck raised by a resident of Jiaxiang Street in this town. The method of raising ducks is particularly particular: first, feed the ducklings with fresh water fish, shrimp or earthworm cockroaches. After about two months, when the ducklings' feathers first appear, they will be circled in a small circle to narrow their range of activities, mixed with rice and rice bran and kneaded into small pieces to feed, and then they will grow into meat ducks in 20 days. It is characterized by thick duck meat, white and crisp skin, and a thin layer of fat between the skin and the meat, which is particularly sweet. There are many cooking methods for Cargill duck, but "white chop" (also known as "white cut") is the most famous because it can best reflect the original flavor.

Lehe Crab, one of the "four famous dishes", is produced in Lehe Town, Wanning County, Hainan Province. It is famous for its hard shell and rich meat sauce, and ranks as one of the four famous products in Hainan along with Wenchang Chicken, Gigi Duck and Dong Goat. The cooking methods of "Lehe Crab" are various, such as steaming, boiling, frying, baking, etc., and each has its own characteristics, especially "steaming", which not only maintains the original flavor, but also maintains the original beauty of color.

Hainan East Goat is one of the "four famous dishes" with local flavor. Dongshan mutton is a specialty of Dongshanling, Wanning. It is refined by various cooking methods such as rolling, frying, weaving, steaming and buckling, with various spices and seasonings.

In addition, Shiyang is produced in Haikou Crater, Lingao Suckling Pig is produced in Lingao, Hainan Powder is produced in Lingshan Town of Qiongshan, Paolo Powder is produced in Paolo Town of Wenchang, Houan Powder is produced in Houan Town of Wanning, and Qingbuliang is a specialty of Hainan. It's a pity not to taste this kind of food in Hainan!

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Hainan resources

Land resources:

Hainan Island is the largest "tropical treasure land" in China, with a total land area of 3.442 million hectares, accounting for 42.5% of the national tropical land area. The land available for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is about 0.48 hectares per capita. Due to the superior light, heat and water conditions, the growth and reproduction rate of organisms are better than those in temperate and subtropical regions. Farmland can be planted all year round, and many crops can be harvested two or three times a year. According to suitability, land resources in Hainan Island can be divided into seven types: suitable cultivated land, suitable rubber land, suitable hot land, suitable woodland, suitable grazing land, water surface land and other land. At present, Hainan Island has developed and utilized about 3152,000 hectares of land, and undeveloped land is about 260,000 hectares, of which about 90% can be used for large-scale agricultural development and utilization. Most of the wasteland to be developed and utilized is concentrated and contiguous, which is suitable for reclamation and mechanical tillage. Hainan is rich in land reserve resources and has great development potential.

Crop resources:

Grain crops are the crops with the largest area, the widest distribution and the highest output value in Hainan, mainly including rice, upland rice, Shan Lan slope rice and wheat, followed by sweet potato, cassava, taro, corn, sorghum, millet and beans. Cash crops mainly include sugarcane, hemp, peanuts, sesame seeds, tea and so on. There are many kinds of fruits, belonging to 53 genera and 29 families of cultivated and wild fruits. The fruits cultivated into commodities mainly include pineapple, litchi, longan, banana, plantain, citrus, mango, watermelon, carambola and jackfruit. There are 120 varieties of vegetables. Hainan Island is rich in tropical crop resources. There are more than 3000 kinds of tropical plants on the island. After the founding of New China, more than 0/000 species of tropical plants were introduced from abroad, and more than 0/000 species of useful plants were excavated from foreign wild resources for cultivation experiments, all of which achieved remarkable results. At present, tropical crops with large planting area and high economic value mainly include rubber, coconut, oil palm, betel nut, pepper, sisal, citronella, cashew nuts and cocoa.

Plant resources:

Hainan is the origin of tropical rain forest and tropical monsoon forest, with its fast vegetation growth and various plants. Up to now, there are more than 4,000 species of vascular plants in Hainan Island, accounting for about17 of the national total, including more than 600 species endemic to Hainan. Among more than 4000 kinds of plant resources, there are more than 2500 kinds of medicinal plants; There are more than 2,000 species of trees and shrubs, among which more than 800 species are of high economic value, and more than 20 species are listed as special products and rare tree species under state protection. Fruit trees (including wild fruit trees) 142 species; More than 70 kinds of aromatic plants; There are more than 200 kinds of tropical ornamental flowers and garden trees. The largest plant resource reserve is the tropical forest plant community type, and the vertical zoning of tropical forest vegetation is obvious, with the characteristics of mixed, multi-layer, different age, evergreen, dry height and crown width. Tropical forests are mainly distributed in Wuzhishan, Jianfengling, Bawangling, Diaoluoshan and Limushan, among which Wuzhishan is undeveloped virgin forest. Tropical forests are famous all over the country for producing precious tropical timber. Among more than 65,438+0,400 species of coniferous broad-leaved trees, there are 800 species of trees, of which 458 species are listed as national commercial timber, 5 species belong to special types of timber, including red sandalwood, slope base, amethyst, litchi and mother tree, 34 species belong to Grade I, 48 species belong to Grade II and 65,438+belongs to Grade III.

Animal resources:

There are more than 500 species of terrestrial vertebrates in Hainan, including 37 species of amphibians (1 1 species is only found in Hainan, and 8 species are listed as national endemic animals). Reptiles 104 species; 344 species of birds; 82 species of mammals (2 1 species is endemic to Hainan). Rare animals in the world are: black-crowned gibbon and deer, one of the four great apes in the world. Water deer, macaques and clouded leopards are also very precious.

Southern medical resources:

Hainan is rich in animal and plant medicinal resources and is known as the "natural drug storehouse". Among more than 4,000 substances, about 2,000 can be used as medicine, accounting for 40% of the country. There are 500 species recorded in the Pharmacopoeia. There are 0/37 kinds of anticancer plants/kloc-and more than 30 kinds of southern medicines. The most famous are areca nut, Alpinia oxyphylla, Amomum villosum and Morinda officinalis. There are nearly 50 kinds of animal medicinal materials and marine medicinal materials such as velvet antler, monkey ointment, bezoar, pangolin, hawksbill, sea dragon, seahorse, sea snake, amber, pearl, sea cucumber, coral, mussel shell, oyster, concha Haliotidis, shark's fin and tortoise plastron.

fishery resources

Hainan's marine aquatic resources have the characteristics of wide marine fishing grounds, many varieties, fast growth and long fishing period, and are an ideal place for developing tropical marine fisheries in China. The province's marine fishing ground covers an area of nearly 300,000 square kilometers, and the coastal beach culture area is 25,700 hectares. There are more than 800 kinds of marine aquatic products, more than 600 kinds of fish and more than 40 kinds of main marine economic fish. Many precious white products have been cultivated in shallow sea, and there are about 25,000 hectares of artificially cultivated shallow sea beaches, and more than 20 kinds of fish, shrimp, shellfish and bathing places with high economic value have been cultivated. There are 72 species of freshwater fishes 15 families, 57 genera in Hainan Island (excluding anadromous fish).

Sea salt resources

Hainan Island is an ideal natural salt field in China. Salt can be dried in many places along coastal harbors and beaches, concentrated in the arc zone from Sanya to the eastern coast for hundreds of miles. Large salt fields such as Yinggehai, Dongfang and Yuya have been built, among which Yinggehai Salt Field is a rare large salt field in southern China.

Mineral resources:

Hainan has a variety of mineral resources. By 199 1 year, among the 148 kinds of minerals in industrial reserve, 57 kinds of minerals with certain development and utilization value have been found in Hainan (65 kinds can be classified according to industrial use); There are 126 deposits with various reserves (including 6 large underground water sources), including 3 large deposits, 3 medium deposits and 64 small deposits. There are more than 10 dominant minerals in China, such as glass quartz sand, natural gas, ilmenite, zircon, sapphire, crystal, gibbsite, oil shale, fertilizer limestone and zeolite. Among them, the iron ore reserves of Shilu Iron Mine account for about 70% of the country's rich iron ore reserves, ranking first in the country; Titanium ore reserves account for 70% of the country; Zirconite reserves account for 60% of the country's total. In addition, gold, cement limestone, granite and mineral water also have important development value.

energy resources

According to geological survey, Hainan is rich in oil and natural gas resources, and three sedimentary basins, namely Beibu Gulf, Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan, have been delineated successively, with a total area of about 6.5438+200,000 square kilometers, of which the favorable prospect area for oil and gas exploration is about 60,000 square kilometers. Hydraulic resources: The theoretical hydropower reserves of large and small rivers in Hainan Island are about 65.438+00,000 kilowatts, which can be exploited for about 650,000 kilowatts, and the annual power generation is about 2.6 billion kWh. The reserve of groundwater resources is about 7.5 billion cubic meters, accounting for about 20% of the total water resources, of which 2.53 billion cubic meters can be developed and utilized theoretically. At present, the energy resources that have not been exploited and have great potential are ocean energy, solar energy and bioenergy.

tourist resources

Hainan's tourism resources are very rich and distinctive, mainly in the following aspects:

1. Coastal landscape: On the coastline of Hainan1528km long, the sandy coast accounts for about 50- 60%, the beach is several hundred meters to several thousand meters wide, and the slope to the sea surface is generally 5 degrees, which extends slowly; Most places are calm, the sea is clear, the sand is as white as floc, clean and soft; The shore is shaded by trees and the air is fresh; The seawater temperature is generally 18- 30 degrees Celsius, and the sunshine is sufficient and bright. Sea bathing, sunbathing, sand bathing and wind bathing can be carried out most of the year. Today, international tourists like sunshine, sea water, beach, green and air, and the coast around Hainan Island has both. From Haikou to the east coast of Sanya, more than 60 places can be turned into bathing beaches. There are different types of coastal attractions along the island. On the east coast, there are also special tropical coastal forest landscapes-mangroves and unique tropical coastal landscapes-coral reefs, all of which have high ornamental value. At present, four mangrove reserves have been established in Dongzhai Port of Qiongshan City and Qinglan Port of Wenchang City.

2. Mountains and tropical virgin forests: Hainan Island has 8 1 mountain peaks with an altitude of1meter, which are ups and downs, unique and magnificent. The well-known Wuzhishan, whose top is serrated and shaped like five fingers, is a mountain climbing and summer resort, such as the magnificent Ying Ge Ridge, the rugged Dongshan Mountain, the Taiping Mountain with waterfalls, Qixianling Mountain, Leifeng Mountain, Diaoluo Mountain and Bawangling Mountain. The mountainous areas of Hainan are densely covered with tropical virgin forests, the most famous of which are Jianfengling in Ledong County, Bawangling in Changjiang County, Diaoluoshan in Lingshui County and Wuzhishan in Qiongzhong County, among which Jianfengling is the most typical.

3. Rare birds and animals: In order to protect species, Hainan has established a number of wildlife nature reserves and domestication farms, including the black-crowned gibbon reserve in Bawangling, Changjiang County, the Datian Polu reserve in Dongfang County, the Dazhou Island (Jin Siyan) reserve in Wanning City, and the macaque reserve in Nanwan Peninsula, Lingshui County.

4. Scenery of rivers, waterfalls and reservoirs: Nandu River, Changhua River, Wanquan River and other rivers, with alternating beaches and lakes, are good places for sightseeing, especially the famous "Wanquan River Scenery" in China. Rivers or mountain streams in the depths of the mountains swirl in the dense forests of the mountains, with huge stones overlapping in the middle and numerous waterfalls, especially Taiping Mountain Waterfall in Tongshi City, Baihualing Waterfall in Qiongzhong County and Wuzhishan Waterfall, which have long enjoyed a good reputation. There are many reservoirs in Hainan Island, especially Songtao, Fu Nan, Changmao and Shilu, which have the beauty of lakes and mountains, but lakes are not as good as lakes.

5. Volcanoes, caves and hot springs: Volcanic eruptions in history left many dead craters in Hainan Island. The most typical is Shuangling, located in Shishan, Qiongshan City, with an altitude of more than 200 meters. There are two craters on the ridge, with a concave ridge in the middle, which looks like a saddle, also known as Ma 'anling. The Leihuling crater and Luopanjing crater near this mountain are also well preserved and very wonderful. There are also many karst caves in various forms, such as Dishui Cave in Sanya, Ganlong Cave in Baoting County and Huangdi Cave in Changjiang County. Hot springs are widely distributed on the island. Most of them are therapeutic hot springs, with low salinity, high temperature, large quantity of water, good water quality and pleasant scenery. Xinglong Hot Springs, Nanping Hot Springs, Yanglan Hot Springs, Qixianling Hot Springs, Guantang Hot Springs and Ban Ling Hot Springs are suitable for the development of tourism integrating sightseeing, recuperation and scientific research.

6. Historical sites: The historical sites mainly include the Wugong Temple built to commemorate five famous historical officials, including Li Deyu, who was demoted to Hainan Island in the Tang and Song Dynasties, Dongpo Academy, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Gong Temple built to commemorate Su Dongpo, Qiongtai Academy built to visit Jiao, Qiu Jun, a famous official in the Ming Dynasty, and the tomb of Hai Rui. Revolutionary memorial sites include the former site of Qiongya Column Command, the red women soldiers memorial statue in Jiaji Town, Jinniuling Martyrs Cemetery, Baisha Uprising Memorial Hall, Songjiazu House, Soong Ching Ling Exhibition Hall, etc.

7. Ethnic customs: In addition to the Han nationality, the ethnic minorities living in Hainan Island are Li, Miao and Hui. Today, ethnic minorities have retained many simple folk customs and unique living habits, making Hainan's social outlook appear rich and colorful. Hainan is the only Li inhabited area in China. Li nationality has unique national culture and customs and unique tourism value. 8. Tropical crops and rural scenery: Hainan Island has planted a large number of tropical crops, which greatly enriched the natural landscape. Visitors to the island can not only enjoy the tropical pastoral scenery, increase their knowledge, but also taste tropical fruits.

environmental protection

In 2005, there were 32,400 hectares of artificial afforestation and 730,000 hectares of reforestation. The forest coverage rate was 55.5%, an increase of 0.4 percentage points over the previous year.

At the end of the year, there were 20 environmental monitoring stations in the province, an increase of 5.3% over the previous year. Among them, there are 1 national first-class environmental monitoring station, 3 national second-class environmental monitoring stations and 16 national third-class environmental monitoring stations. Environmental monitoring personnel were 33 1 person, an increase of 19.9% over the previous year. By the end of 2005, there were 68 nature reserves in the province, including 8 national nature reserves and 8 provincial nature reserves? The nature reserve covers an area of 2,808,800 hectares, including 85,200 hectares at the national level and 2,630,200 hectares at the provincial level. There are 15 species of wild animals listed in the national key protection; There are 87 species of wild animals listed in the national second-class key protection.

Sixth, Hainan exotic customs

breadfruit tree

This variety was cultivated by Baoting Tropical Crops Research Institute of Hainan Province. Its fruit weighs more than 40 kilograms, sliced and baked, and tastes bitter bread, so it is called "bread tree". There is also a precious baobab tree, which has settled in Haikou Park and is one of the trees with the largest DBH in the world. This tree is about 20 meters high and its trunk is very thick. The stem is 50 meters around and needs more than 20 people to hold it. With a life span of 5000 years, he is a long-lived man in the plant kingdom.

Traveler's tree

Tourist banana, also known as banana and traveler tree, is the national tree of Madagascar. It grows in Wuzhishan area of Hainan Province. This tree is very strange. There is a "container" at the base of the petiole, which can store several kilograms of crystal clear sweet water. Travelers and tourists can drink it on their backs by tearing off the petiole, just like "Jianlibao", which is clean, hygienic, cool and delicious, exhausted and refreshed.

Eucalyptus

It is located in the herbarium of South China Tropical Crops Research Institute. The leaves are thick and green and open in an umbrella shape around them. The crown of the tree is very gorgeous, and the red and yellow flowers are in full bloom, which looks warm and elegant. As long as the breeze blows, the petals will drift with the wind, such as butterflies flying in groups, and the scenery is charming. Rain tree, whose hometown is on the desert edge of South America, will slowly close its wide leaves at night and accumulate dew and rain in rainy days. The next day, the sun shines, the leaves open, the dew accumulates and splashes, all of which are beautiful scenery, and it is clearly "raining", which is not funny at all. Tourists who travel in the desert or climb mountains and mountains often wait for this gift "manna" under the tree to quench their thirst whenever they are thirsty.

Underwater jewelry red coral

The South China Sea of the motherland has nurtured countless lives and various red corals, which are wrapped in crystal tropical seawater as if covered with a veil of obscurity. But it shines brilliantly, competing for beauty, better than the morning glow in May and the spring flowers in March. Red agate-like thick branches are delicate and flexible, shiny and moist, seemingly airtight, with tree-like texture on the surface and section. More interestingly, the coral of red coral is white. Whenever night falls, the white coral meets the stagnant tide and stretches out its soft tentacles, just like the paddle that swings around. Suddenly, it contracted tightly like an electric shock. Ah, it caught a little creature and couldn't wait to send it to its mouth. Although it has no digestive system, it has a unique way of digestion. Food is digested by its peripheral blood vessels, and it secretes a powdery substance, which is calcareous. It is it that enlarges the bones of red corals. Height.

Baihualing waterfall

Baiyao Waterfall is more beautiful. At the top of the green hills, among the green forests, a silver chain descended from the sky, which was loud, white, magnificent, picturesque and spectacular. With a drop of 300 meters, the waterfall presents a three-stage falling rock flow, forming various beautiful landscapes. The first-class "Golden Dragon Spitting Beads" is the source of the waterfall. Water gushes from the top of the mountain and shines in the sun. The second level is the panacea pool, where the water quality is pure and warm, and it is pure natural mineral water, which contains minerals needed by the human body. Regular drinking can cure diseases. Three-level "white skin pond", the spring water is scattered along the cliff, and the spray is flying, which looks like "fairy scattered flowers".

Romantic alpine waterfalls

Fengshan Waterfall is located 8 kilometers east of Shilu Town, Changjiang Li Autonomous County. It originates from the nearby Bao Mei Mountains, flows through the hillside on the east side of Liu Feng Mountains and flows into Shilu River. The waterfall exhausts air from the 700-meter-high rock flow on the east side of the main peak of Romantic Mountain, forming a rapid three-stage cascade waterfall, which is vast and spectacular with a drop of more than 600 meters. There is a huge Tianchi Lake in the Romantic Mountain Waterfall, which is deep and urgent, boiling endlessly, forming a rotating vortex. Water patterns are full of color, sometimes like blooming honeysuckle, and sometimes like floating jade belts. The cliffs around Tianchi Lake have been treated like knives and axes, and the adjacent canyons and streams are covered with exotic flowers and trees, which are colorful and particularly beautiful and charming.