I brought lilies and chameleons from Kunming. How can I raise them? Urgent! !

Everyone upstairs only knows lilies, not chameleon flowers. Here is a picture of a chameleon flower.

In fact, chameleon is a kind of Houttuynia cordata Thunb, and its planting method is the same as Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

Houttuynia chameleon?

Study? Name:? Houttuynia cordata? Houttuynia cordata? Chameleon?

No? Name:? Chameleon water shield?

Branch:? Saururaceae

Genus:? Water shield?

Distribution of origin

Native to Japan and China.

morphological character

Saururaceae is a perennial herb with a height of 1? 5 ~ 30cm or higher. Plant morphological expansion. The leaves are oval to heart-shaped, with rich color changes and pale yellow and pink stripes. 3 ~ 9 cm long, the leaves will smell of oranges after being rubbed. In spring, it will produce a 3 cm long spike with small yellow-green flowers surrounded by pure white oval bracts.

Growth habit

Like high temperature and high humidity, like light and shade, like moist soil rich in humus, and it is also a commonly used plant by the water. The optimum temperature for fertilization is 20 ~ 28℃.

Garden use

It can be used for waterside planting, and is a landscaping plant variety in ponds and ponds.

Breeding and cultivation

Sowing and propagation can be carried out in containers. Divide the roots in spring and cut the roots in late spring for reproduction. It can grow well under full light or semi-shade, but variegated varieties will become green leaves under insufficient light.

Then talk about lilies.

Lily was originally a short-day plant growing in the forests and grasses of southwest and northwest Shan Ye, so most varieties like cool and humid semi-shady environment and are more hardy. It grows in fertile sandy soil rich in humus and well-drained soil, with developed bulbs and bright colors. Lilium lancifolium likes warm and dry climate conditions and is more resistant to sunlight. Lily is suitable for applying nitrogen fertilizer, and bean cake, vegetable cake, farm compost, nitrogen-phosphorus lily field and potassium compound fertilizer are the best. During the growth period of lily, it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed regularly, and combine watering and fertilization for intertillage. Generally, dilute fertilizer is applied 2-3 times in the growth period. Second, in order to promote the growth and development of its plants and seedlings. Apply 1-2 when the pregnant buds bloom? Using phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to ensure that plants and seedlings have sufficient nutrition during bud pregnancy and flowering can not only make flowers huge and colorful, but also promote the development of bulbs. When planting in a large area, attention should be paid to ventilation and proper shade. If planted or potted in a small area, for ornamental varieties with many branches and thin flowers, brackets should be set to prevent the flowers from breaking. Although there are few diseases and insect pests in lily, we should also pay attention to prevention and control. ?

When planting lilies, the north should choose a sunny place to avoid the wind, and the south can plant them in a slightly shady place. The suitable planting time is August-September. Apply sufficient base fertilizer one month before planting and dig deep into the soil. Compost and plant ash can be used as base fertilizer. Planting should be deep (generally 3-4 times the diameter of the bulb) to facilitate the rhizome to absorb nutrients. If the planting in the north is too shallow, it will be vulnerable to freezing injury in winter, which will affect the growth of roots and bulbs. It is not suitable for intertillage and weeding during the growing period, so as not to damage the rhizome. If possible, sprinkle some sawdust on the planting ground to cover the soil. This can not only prevent weeds from growing, but also preserve moisture and reduce soil moisture, which is beneficial to bulb development.

Potting should be carried out in September-65438+10. Culture soil should be mixed with humus soil, sandy soil and garden soil at the ratio of 65,438+0: 65,438+0: 65,438+0, and the bottom of the basin should be fully decomposed with compost and a small amount of bone meal as base fertilizer. The planting depth is generally about 2-3 times of the bulb diameter. Lily doesn't have high requirements for fertilizer, so it is more suitable to apply fertilizer in the early spring growth and early flowering. Some foreign growers think that lily needs nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, and it should be applied every 10- 15 days during the growing period, but the supply of phosphorus fertilizer should be limited, because too much phosphorus fertilizer will cause the leaves to turn yellow. Phosphate fertilizer can be applied at flowering stage for 1-2 days. In order to enrich bulbs, residual flowers should be cut off in time after flowering to reduce nutrient consumption. Water only needs to keep the soil moist, but it should be watered frequently in peak season and dry weather, and water should be sprayed frequently around the flowerpot to improve the air humidity. Pot soil should not be too wet, otherwise bulbs will rot easily. Potted lilies should be replaced with new culture soil and base fertilizer once a year. In addition, flowerpots should be rotated once a week during the growing period. Otherwise, plants tend to grow tall and affect their appearance.

At present, the newly rising Jin Baihe still needs to import seeds from abroad. In the process of planting, there is a great demand for phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Before sowing, it is best to use some bone meal, plant ash and peanut drum as base fertilizer. Proper topdressing of chemical nitrogen fertilizer at seedling stage can make it grow vigorously. In the south of the Yangtze River, it takes about 120 days for early-maturing varieties in Jin Baihe from sowing to flowering. It takes about 15O days for middle and late maturing varieties. If you want to control the flowering and listing before the Spring Festival, you must know the maturity of the purchased varieties in advance, predict the weather changes and determine the sowing date to prevent the mistake of not being listed in the current season.

Bai Baihe and Jin Baihe are cold-tolerant, light-loving, fertilizer-tolerant and moisture-tolerant, and the suitable growth temperature is 12 ~ 18℃. Even if the temperature drops to 3 ~ 5℃ in winter, it will not freeze to death. If there is no sunshine, long-term shading will affect normal flowering. However, they are widely adaptable to the region, and can be planted or potted in both north and south. Because it is a bulbous plant, it can be sown directly with the seed head, and the sowing depth is required to be six or seven centimeters, so that the lateral roots can take root deeply and absorb as many nutrients as possible. Sandy loam is the best planting material, but clay and calcareous soil are not suitable. If pond mud is used for planting, some river sand and carbon chips should be properly mixed to make the planting materials loose and breathable, so as to blossom in time.

Breeding method:

There are four breeding methods of lily: sowing, dividing bulbs, cutting scales and dividing buds. You can choose any one according to your needs.

(1) Seeding propagation: Seeding belongs to sexual propagation and is mainly used for breeding. The method is: harvest the seeds in autumn and store them until sowing in the next spring. Germinate about 20-30 days after sowing. Appropriate shading should be provided at seedling stage. In autumn, the underground part has formed small bulbs, which can be dug out and planted separately. Due to different species, some seedlings bloom in three years, and some need to be cultivated for many years before flowering. So this method is not suitable for families.

(2) the method of bulb division; If it is necessary to cultivate 1 plant or several plants, this method can be used. Usually there are some small bulbs around the stem disk of old bulbs. When lilies are harvested from September to June, these bulbs can be separated and stored in indoor sand for the winter. Potted seeds were planted in the following spring. 10 When cultivated from September to June in the third year, it can grow into large bulbs and cultivate into large plants. This method has a small amount of reproduction and is only suitable for family pot breeding.

(3) Scale cutting method: This method can be used for medium-sized replication. Dig out the bulbs in autumn and break off the plump scales on the old scales one by one. There should be a small part of stem disc at the base of each scale, which is slightly dried in the shade, and then cut into flower pots or shallow wooden boxes, which are filled with river sand (or vermiculite), so that two-thirds of scales are inserted into the substrate, and the substrate keeps a certain humidity. Under the condition of about 20 degrees, about 1 month and a half, the scale injury will take root and sprout. In winter, the humidity should be kept at about 18 degrees, and the river sand should not be too wet. By the next spring, the scales can grow into small bulbs, which can be divided into blocks, planted in pots, carefully managed and cultivated for about 3 years before flowering.

(4) Pearl bud method: Pearl bud method is only applicable to a few varieties. Such as lily, yellow iron cannon, etc. , often use this method. The practice is: take down the small bulbs (also called "small bulbs", which have fully grown in summer, but have not yet fallen off) formed in the axils of stems and leaves on the ground and cultivate them. It usually takes 2-4 years from growing into a big bulb to flowering. In order to promote the propagation of more bulblets, after flowering, the aboveground stems can be crushed and buried in shallow soil-the aboveground stems can be divided into small segments of 3-4 leaves, and the shallow buried stems can grow bulblets in the axils of leaves.

★ After the lily blooms, many people will throw away the bulbs. In fact, it still has the ability to regenerate. Just cut off the residual leaves, dig out the bulbs in the pot and bury them in the sand, so as to keep them moist and not get sunburned. It can still be planted 1 time in the next year, and it is expected to bloom twice.

Pest control:

Several common diseases of lily are: lily mosaic, bulb rot, spot disease, leaf blight and so on.

(1) Lily mosaic. This disease is also called lily latent mosaic. At the onset of the disease, uneven chlorosis spots or withered spots appear on the leaves, the damaged plants are short, the leaf edges are curled, the leaf deformation is small, spindle-shaped light brown spots sometimes appear on the petals, and the flowers are deformed and difficult to open.

Prevention and control methods: ① select virus-free bulbs to keep seeds; ② Strengthen the prevention and control of aphids and leafhoppers; (3) If a diseased plant is found, it should be removed and destroyed in time.

(2) Spot disease. At the early stage of the disease, faded spots appeared on the leaves, and after expansion, they became brown spots with dark brown edges. After that, many small black spots were produced in the center of the lesion. In severe cases, all leaves turn black and die.

Control method: Remove diseased leaves and spray with 500 times dilution of 65% zineb wettable powder once to prevent spreading.

(3) Bulb rot. After the onset of the disease, the bulb produces brown spots, and finally the whole bulb is brown and rotten.

Prevention and treatment: at the initial stage of the disease, 50% mancozeb can be given 300 times solution.

(4) Leaf blight mostly occurs on the leaves, and the punishment starts from the tip and level of the lower leaves. At the beginning of the disease, irregular round or oval spots of different sizes appear on the eyes after the disease, and the spots are light yellow to grayish brown due to different varieties. If it is serious, the whole leaf will die.

Prevention and control methods: ① pay attention to ventilation and light transmission in greenhouse cultivation and strengthen management; ② Remove the diseased leaves at the early stage of the disease, and spray the same amount of Bordeaux mixture or 50% wettable powder 800- 1000 times for 3-4 times on the 7th-10 day.