What is the artistic description of "Kong Yiji"?

Indeed, this is a work with amazing artistic summary power. Lu Xun used concise and concise lines and leisurely words to outline vivid pictures of real life, depict lifelike characters, and express infinitely deep inner resentment; in a short space of less than 3,000 words, he It is not easy to accommodate such a rich and vast life. Therefore, the artistic charm of "Kong Yiji" lasts for a long time. The passage of time has not erased its artistic brilliance. On the contrary, after more than sixty years of historical trials, it has become a treasure in the treasure house of modern literature. A model in short story writing.

1

In "Kong Yiji", Lu Xun paid great attention to describing the typical environment of the protagonist's activities. This environment not only has a strong local color, but also is filled with a strong atmosphere of the times. At the beginning of the work, the narrator takes the readers to the tragic and dark era at the end of the nineteenth century. More than twenty years ago, "I" was still a twelve-year-old boy working as a waiter in a hotel. Through his narration, the work shows the living environment of the protagonist who is about to appear. Here, the layout of the hotel is a large square-shaped counter on the street. Hot water is prepared in the cabinet, which can be used to warm the wine at any time; and the drinks are salted. Boil the bamboo shoots and fennel beans. These details give the environment depicted in the work a strong local flavor. The layout of the hotel, the method of warming the wine, and the side dishes served with the wine are all unique to the author's hometown of Shaoxing.

The environment described in the work is full of local color and always exudes a strong flavor of the times. People can clearly see that the hotel's customers are clearly divided into two types of people: those "short-clothes gang" who work hard all day long and can only drink a bowl of wine standing outside the counter, and those who are rich and wealthy The customer in a long gown, however, "walked into the house next to the store, asked for wine and food, and sat down to drink slowly" in a high-spirited manner. Here, relationships between people are governed by feudal norms of superiority and hierarchy. In the hotel, the shopkeeper was only interested in profit and tried his best to add water to the wine, which aroused serious supervision from the drinkers. The shopkeeper treated the young boy with a fierce face, making him dare not talk or laugh, and he was not lively. However, due to the recommendation Although he was very affectionate and did not dare to fire him, these descriptions more realistically and vividly reproduced the dirty and suffocating social atmosphere at that time. In addition, in Lu Xun's artistic description, even the change in the price of wine - a bowl of wine rose from four copper coins to ten copper coins - also tortuously revealed the trend of social and economic depression at that time.

In the novel "Kong Yiji", the environment described by the author is distinctive and unique. Whether it is local color or the atmosphere of the times, the works are not written in general terms, but are reflected through the unique scenes of "this one" that the author carefully selected and described in detail. That is to say, the author created a typical environment for the protagonist's activities that has both local color and the atmosphere of the times through vivid and detailed descriptions of the individual, specific places and scenes he chose, such as Lu Town and Xianheng Hotel. . At the same time, we believe that in the work, what best shows the uniqueness of the environment, apart from specific scenes, is mainly the specific character world composed of various characters that revolve around the protagonist and have various relationships with the protagonist. In "Kong Yiji", it is the greedy shopkeeper, the indifferent drinker, the innocent child, the cruel Ding Juren, the kind boy, etc. that form a character that is not found in other works. It can only be found in Lu Town. A unique network of characters inside and outside the Xianheng Hotel counter. These characters are connected in one way or another with the protagonist Kong Yiji, and thus become the environment surrounding the protagonist, prompting him to act and affecting his destiny. The social connections between specific people at a specific time and place also contain strong local color and flavor of the times.

Dissolve the atmosphere of the times and local colors into the description of unique, individual, specific life scenes and character relationships, thereby providing the protagonist with a distinctive and vivid environment that positively affects the characters' activities. The stage is the basic feature of the typical environment described by Lu Xun in "Kong Yiji".

II

The artistic image of the protagonist Kong Yiji was created by Lu Xun who devoted all his efforts in his works. Kong Yi was already a lower-class intellectual in the late Qing Dynasty. The tragic path he took was of typical significance to some intellectuals at that time.

The tragedy of Kong Yiji is that of a kind-hearted scholar who was fooled and even destroyed by the feudal ideas he devoutly believed in and the imperial examination system he wholeheartedly supported.

We know that in the long history of our country's feudal society, in order to win over the vast number of intellectuals, the ruling class always tried their best to instill in them such things as "all nobles in the dynasty are scholars" and "everything is inferior. Thoughts such as "Only those who study well" and "Books have their own golden houses". These ecstasy soups have driven many intellectuals into ecstasy. At the same time, in order to induce intellectuals to serve the feudal ruling class, the imperial examination system became an important way to obtain official positions since the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Therefore, in feudal society, many scholars regarded "excellence in learning and becoming an official" as their goal in life, and regarded the imperial examination as a ladder to advance. With the spirit of stabbing their buttocks with hanging beams and catching fireflies in their snow pockets, they have endured decades of hardship. Year after year, they have bet their fate on the gamble of the imperial examinations and are desperate in the dead end defined by the feudal ruling class. Running around. However, among these scholars, although there are a few who have climbed up, thus honoring their ancestors and becoming masters, for the vast majority of intellectuals, they have struggled many times and sacrificed their flower-like years. Youth like the morning glow, but what you get is a head full of white snow, a breeze on your sleeves, still a low status and a poor life.

Kong Yiji belongs to the latter category of intellectuals. As a scholar in a feudal society, he had no doubts about the theory of "only reading" promoted by the rulers, and even showed a religious attitude. This has to make his whole soul soaked in the influence of such ideological theories, and it is always reflected in his words and actions. Because he believed in "reading well", he was accustomed to quoting scriptures from ancient books when he spoke to show that he was a well-read person, so his words exuded the smell of pedantry. "When he talks to people, he always talks a lot and teaches people half-understood things." When he was so poor that he had no food to eat, he would comfort himself with the saying "a gentleman is poor". When facing the children who wanted to eat his fennel beans, he would even use the cliché "How much is it? Not much". The language answered and made a joke. At the same time, it was this idea of ??"only good at reading" that made him reluctant to take off the "dirty and torn gown that seemed to have not been mended or washed in more than ten years". Because in his opinion, the long shirt is a sign that distinguishes scholars from the workers of the "short coat gang", not to mention that it can also be used to obtain "nobles and nobles" in the future, so he stubbornly refused to take it off. However, his poor life prevented him from becoming a long-sleeved customer who could walk leisurely into the house next door to the store. As a result, Kong Yiji had to become an exception in the classification of Xianheng Hotel customers, that is, "the only one who wears a long-sleeved shirt while drinking while standing." people".

Although Kong Yiji could not be a real customer of long gowns, he still often showed his reserve and pride as a scholar. Kong Yiji, who had repeatedly failed in the imperial examinations, was so complacent and airy at this time. Reading and literacy were still his capital to show off and show off. What's more, when someone publicly exposed the fact that Kong Yiji was hanged for stealing books from the He family, Kong Yiji would argue: "Stealing books cannot be counted as stealing...stealing books!...It's the business of scholars, Can it be considered stealing?" In history, some people once called book thieves "elegant thieves." In Kong Yiji's view, stealing books is a nobler act than stealing other things, because it is a "student's business" that is nobler than other people. From the artistic description of the work, we can see that no matter how poor his life was, how lonely his heart was, or how miserable his situation was, Kong Yiji always believed that scholars were superior to others, and therefore refused to let go of his pretensions as a scholar and abandon his belief in "only I sincerely believe in the theory of "reading well".

At the same time, as a scholar like Kong Yiji who was deeply poisoned by feudal ideas, there is no doubt that he must also choose the life path of "learning and becoming an official". No wonder when someone asked him the question "How come you can't even get half a scholar?", "Kong Yiji immediately looked depressed and uneasy, with a layer of gray covering his face," and he said something Some of the words are just the same and are incomprehensible. Yes! Is there anything else in the world that would prick the heart of this scholar who is superstitious about "learning well and becoming an official" but has repeatedly failed to succeed?

However, in feudal society, After all, there are very few intellectuals here who can truly climb up to the status of the ruling class.

Kong Yiji had the same fate as more intellectuals. To them, high officials, generous salaries, and red robes and purple robes were just pictures on the wall and illusions in dreams. He never even managed to squeeze into the real gown. The line of customers. However, what the feudal system brought to its sincere supporters and devout believers was numerous mental and physical scars.

Kong Yiji spent his whole life on the road to the imperial examination. Decades of hard work and countless competitions ruined his entire youth; but he "finally did not enter school" and did not even take the exam to become a scholar. What he got was a face full of wrinkles and "a shaggy gray beard." Even so, he still talks a lot, and is intoxicated by the "knowledge" such as "there are four ways to write the word "hui"; but in terms of life, he "doesn't know how to make a living", and the prejudice that "everything is of inferior quality" makes him suffer. He has become "a bad-tempered person who likes to drink and is lazy to work." Because he despises labor and is not diligent, he loses the ability to live independently.

At the same time, it should also be pointed out that it was this feudal system and feudal ideology that destroyed Kong Yiji’s body and life. Because this scholar maintains a religious superstition on the theory that "only those who study well" and cannot realize that intellectuals are affiliated with different classes and strata in feudal society, he blindly believes that, Anyone who is a scholar is a learned and moral "gentleman" who is superior to others. Starting from this understanding, when there was a problem with his livelihood, he would not go to the monastery to steal a few radishes like Ah Q, but would go to the homes of scholars to steal books. In his opinion, no matter the thief or the victim, Stealing is just an elegant thing among scholars, and they are no different from ordinary thieves. But in fact this is just an illusion created by Kong Yiji's own mind. As for Ding Juren, who is also a scholar, he does not see it this way. This landowner who is well-read in poetry and books treats people who steal his things, regardless of whether you are a scholar or not. Without exception, he shows a ferocious look. A vicious look. He first asked Kong Yiji to write a plea, and then he beat him. "The beating lasted most of the night, and then he broke his leg."

Kong Yiji devoutly believed in the feudal ideas promoted by the ruling class and wholeheartedly supported the imperial examination system, but what he got from it was indelible mental and physical scars. What a profound tragedy. It should be said that Kong Yiji felt the pain of being fooled and deceived from his tragic life experiences. When he came to the Xianheng Hotel for the last time, readers can see the ripples of this emotion rippling deep in the heart of the protagonist. Although he did not completely break the scholar's sense of superiority, he still used "falling off" to cover up the break. The real reason for his legs, but Kong Yiji’s dejected look and desolate eyes reflected his disillusionment with the belief that “only reading is good” and the pain of being fooled and deceived that he had realized hidden in his heart. . However, people have never been able to find the spark of rebellious anger in Kong Yiji's sad eyes. This scholar, whose entire life was ruined by feudal society, did not have the courage to shout out a voice of protest; so he had to sit down and use his eyes to express his anger. Mudhand walked slowly and disappeared silently from the world.

In the novel "Kong Yiji", Lu Xun also exposed the cruel cannibalistic nature of feudal society to a certain extent through the tragedy of Kong Yiji, a lower-class intellectual who was destroyed by the feudal system. All the experiences of Kong Yiji and his tragic ending strongly illustrate that this kind scholar was also swallowed up by the feudal system. In his works, Lu Xun denied Kong Yiji's mediocre life path, but he also expressed deep sympathy for his unfortunate fate.

Three

If we say that the purpose of writing "Kong Yiji" is only to expose the fooling and harming of intellectuals by the feudal imperial examination system through the tragic experience of the protagonist, then I am afraid it is not completely consistent. Lu Xun's original intention when he conceived this work.

So, what is Lu Xun’s real intention in writing the novel "Kong Yiji"? When "Kong Yiji" was published in "New Youth" in April 1919, the author wrote a postscript at the end of the article. He said modestly: "This very clumsy novel was written last winter. The meaning at that time was simply to describe society or a kind of life, and I asked readers to read it. There was no other profound meaning." However, what kind of life in society is the author trying to describe? There is no explanation in this postscript. However, we can still get some information from the memories of Lu Xun's student Sun Fuyuan.

According to Sun Fuyuan, he once listened to Lu Xun himself describe his motivation, background and art when writing a certain novel. Regarding "Kong Yiji", "the author's main intention is to describe the indifference of society towards the suffering people".

The indifference of society towards the suffering people has been used for a long time. Lu Xun felt sad and indignant about the problem. As early as the beginning of this century, when Lu Xun was studying in Japan, he often explored the question "What is the most lacking in the Chinese nation?" with his friend Xu Shoushang. They concluded at that time: "What is the most lacking in our nation? It’s sincerity and love.” In Lu Xun's view, this lack of love often manifests itself in the spiritual numbness of the general public, who adopt an indifferent attitude of bystander towards the unfortunate.

In the short story "Kong Yiji", the tragic fate of the protagonist is in extremely sharp contrast with the bursts of laughter from the drinkers and others. How could Kong Yi, who was full of tears and sorrow, always be associated with happy laughter! However, Lu Xun precisely revealed the contradiction between the protagonist and his activity environment, and the extremely incongruous fate of the same character. The vivid description of laughter completes his writing intention of exposing and criticizing the general society's indifference to the suffering people.

Kong Yi is already a tragic figure who was deceived, fooled and even destroyed mentally and physically by the feudal ideas he believed in and the imperial examination system he supported. But this miserable lower-class scholar did not get sympathy and pity from people inside and outside the Xianheng Hotel in Lu Town. On the contrary, his rough experience became a "drama" for people to enjoy and play, and his unfortunate fate became people's fan. A drunken joke. Lu Xun very painfully revealed the fact in his works: the unfortunate people who appreciate Kong Yiji are not individuals or a few, but very widespread and common. You see, "As soon as Kong Yiji arrived at the store, all the drinkers looked at him and smiled." Originally, the customers of the Xianheng Hotel seemed to be hierarchical. There were both wealthy customers in long robes and poor workers in short robes. They usually did not drink together. But in terms of their attitude towards Kong Yiji, they are basically the same. "All the drinkers" regarded Kong Yiji as a joke. When Kong Yiji came to the Xianheng Hotel, they shouted in a wild and high-pitched voice to tease the scholar who was wearing a dirty and torn gown, like a joke. Like a toy that can make people happy. At this time, both the short-clothed gang and the long-clothed customers will be immersed in a kind of fanatical drunken laughter. As a result, "the store and outside are filled with happy air", and the drinkers are temporarily satisfied. Similarly, in the Xianheng Hotel, the relationship between the shopkeeper and the waiters was not harmonious. The shopkeeper always showed a fierce face to the young waiters, which made people lively. However, as soon as Kong Yiji comes to the store, this cold situation will change. Not only will the shopkeeper keep asking some questions to tease Kong Yiji and "make people laugh", but the waiter can also laugh along with him at these times, "Shopkeeper I will never blame him." They seemed to be able to temporarily agree on making fun of Kong Yiji. In addition, the work also describes a group of children from neighbors of Xianheng Hotel. Although they are not drinkers, they sometimes come to "join in the fun and surround Kong Yiji." Kong Yiji was also a happy joke in the minds of the children. His fennel-like words and actions made "the group of children disperse in laughter." The Lu town where Kong Yiji lived was such a society: people from the He family beat him up, people from Ding Ju broke his legs, and the general public, whether they were customers in long robes or workers in short robes, shopkeepers or clerks, Adults and children, they did not sympathize with his misfortune, but laughed and had fun. The author pointed out with grief and indignation that this kind of indifference and indifference, just like the cold air in the severe winter, is so widespread and pervasive in the entire society.

On the other hand, Lu Xun's "Kong Yiji" also focused on showing the cruel nature of society's indifference to the poor. The author mainly describes three times when everyone in the Xianheng Hotel laughed at Kong Yiji.

The first time was because Kong Yiji stole a book from the He family and was hung up and beaten, which resulted in new scars on his face. After people exposed this incident, Kong Yiji defended himself by saying that "stealing books does not count as stealing", thus "leading to Everyone burst into laughter; the atmosphere inside and outside the store was full of joy." The second time, it was the drinkers who asked the question that hurt Kong Yiji's heart: "How come you can't even get half a scholar?" Yi Ji was depressed and restless, and said some unintelligible words, so "everyone burst into laughter: the atmosphere inside and outside the store was filled with joy"; for the third time, it was Kong Yi who was beaten by Ding Juren. After breaking his leg, when he came to the Xianheng Hotel again, he was wearing a torn jacket, crossing his legs and sitting on a mat. wink. But even at this time, everyone still teased him and laughed at him again and again. He finally sat down and walked slowly with his hands "amidst the laughter of others" and left the Xianheng Hotel forever. It can be clearly seen from these three "laughings" that people used Kong Yiji's misfortune as material to make fun of. Kong Yiji was physically injured, and people used it as a joke. It makes people laugh; Kong Yiji’s desperate spiritual pain of failing to succeed in repeated attempts has also become the material for people to make fun of; even when Kong Yiji’s spirit and body were greatly damaged, he became a cripple, and his life was about to be extinguished, people still did not relax him. , still treating him with a tragic fate as an object of happiness. Kong Yiji is like a sheep being skinned in a sheep stall. Any pain he suffers can bring joy and satisfaction to the open-mouthed spectators in front of the door. However, taking the unfortunate as the object of his ridicule and turning the pain of others into the material for his own pleasure, what a cruel nature this kind of indifference in the world has!

It can be seen that Lu Xun in "Kong Yiji" "" not only shows the general society's indifference towards the poor, but also reveals its universality and cruelty, which makes this novel more thought-provoking.

The layout and artistic expression of "Kong Yiji" are also subject to the author's creative intentions. Most of the scenes in the works that are directly described from the front are the scenes of everyone in the Xianheng Hotel laughing at Kong Yiji; as for the beating of Kong Yiji by the He family and the beating of Kong Yiji by Ding Juren, they are only indirectly described from the side. Narrating and putting it behind the scenes, it can be seen that the focus of the author's writing is on the mentally numb spectators. Even when showing the important event of Kong Yiji's broken leg, the author placed it in an atmosphere where the shopkeeper was slowly settling his accounts and the drinkers were talking indifferently while drinking. As for Kong Yiji's death, In the work, it was hinted at when the shopkeeper remembered "Kong Yiji still owes nineteen yuan!" during the holidays. In the shopkeeper's opinion, nineteen dollars (which can't even buy five bowls of wine) is more important than Kong Yiji's life!

In the same year when Lu Xun wrote "Kong Yiji", in At the end of the famous essay "The Present of My Day": "After we commemorate the past, we must also make a wish: to get rid of the pain that is meaningless in life. We must get rid of the coma and rape that create and enjoy the pain of others." Lu Xun What is shown in the entire artistic description of "Kong Yiji" is not the exposure and criticism of the violence of the feudal system that creates the pain of others and the coma of the world that appreciates the pain of others?

IV

An important reason why Lu Xun particularly liked "Kong Yiji" is that he thought this novel was written "unhurriedly". As we all know, Lu Xun had extremely strict artistic requirements for his works. For example, regarding "Diary of a Madman", he said in a letter dated April 16, 1919: ""Diary of a Madman" is very childish and too forced. From an artistic point of view, it should not be done."[ 8]. For another example, in his conversation with Sun Fuyuan, he also expressed that he was not completely satisfied with the art of "Medicine" and thought it was a bit "hurried //" (Shaoxing dialect). This roughly means "too much push". However, for "Kong Yiji", Lu Xun believed that there was no such sense of artistic pressure, but that it was more "calm and leisurely".

"Kong Yiji" only uses less than 3,000 words, but it describes the protagonist's activity environment, shows the course of most of his life, depicts the character's distinctive personality traits, and expresses the surrounding people. The indifference of people towards the protagonist. Moreover, such a rich content is arranged in a clear order of priority and density in the work, so that the reading does not feel crowded or forced at all.

What an astonishingly generous work this is! So, what artistic means did Lu Xun use to open up such a vast capacity for a short space? And what artistic means did he use to achieve a "calm" and unhurried state? These are also all Worth exploring.

First of all, Lu Xun chose a very ideal artistic perspective that reflects life in "Kong Yiji". Real life is very complex and infinitely rich, and it cannot be reproduced in detail in the limited length of a work. In this way, how to choose an expression angle that can capture the life picture to the maximum extent has become something that novel authors must seriously consider. question. In the novel "Kong Yiji", Lu Xun very cleverly used the Xianheng Hotel and its waiters to express what happened in life. Whether it is the customs of Lu Town or the unfortunate experiences of Kong Yiji, they are all reflected through the eyes of the narrator of the story - "I" who works as a waiter at Xianheng Hotel. This is the artistic angle chosen by the author to capture life. It should be said that this choice was extremely successful. On the one hand, the author arranges the protagonist's activities mainly in the Xianheng Hotel. This is not only in line with Kong Yiji's status as a "lazy person" who would go to the hotel to get drunk as long as he has a few pennies, but also conveniently expresses the entire society's view of Kong Yiji's tragic fate. The attitude of a scholar. In the old society, hotels were places where drinkers and idlers gathered. These people came from all over the world, had different identities, and were relatively well-informed. In their chats, they could naturally and without any trace introduce things that were not directly described in the works. Regarding the situation of the protagonist, and they gathered to make fun of Kong Yiji again and again, it was more convenient for the author to complete the creative intention of showing society's indifference to the suffering people, because to a certain extent, the hotel was a microcosm of the society at that time. If the scene were changed, I'm afraid it would be impossible to achieve such a good effect. On the other hand, Kong Yiji's experiences were observed and narrated through the boy in this hotel. The boy's status was low and he was not even qualified to laugh. He could only laugh a few times when Kong Yiji came to the store. Even the humble boy can make fun of him at will, which further highlights Kong Yiji's low status. At the same time, this innocent and kind boy realized through his own observation: "Kong Yiji is so happy, but without him, others would live like this." Even a twelve-year-old child can see this. , then, the treatment of Kong Yiji as a plaything and the indifference he suffered from the world have reached a suffocating level? In addition, after Kong Yiji disappeared forever from the Xianheng Hotel, people also forgot about him , the only person who remembers him is this little guy, which strongly reflects the callousness of the entire society towards the suffering people. It can be seen that the little boy not only plays the role of narrating the story in the work, but also plays a positive and negative role in setting off the protagonist and his experiences. In short, because the author chose an excellent angle to capture life, whether it is the scene in the hotel or the dictation of the boy, he can achieve the effect of one to ten, which greatly expands the capacity of the work.

Secondly, when Lu Xun created the artistic image of the protagonist Kong Yiji, he was good at carefully extracting the most characteristic typical details from life materials, so as to give a vivid description of the character. The author tightly grasps the typical detail of "Kong Yiji is the only person who wears a long gown while standing drinking", and also grasps the core of the entire character. This detail contains very rich content: Kong Yiji originally belonged to the long-shirted class who could sit in the shop and drink, but due to his increasingly poor economic situation, he no longer had the strength to associate with the long-shirted customers, so he had to Those in short clothes stood together outside the counter drinking; however, the feudal thought of "Only those who are good at reading" lingering in his mind made him wear a tattered long shirt even when he was at his lowest, to show his status as a scholar. He became a special customer of Xianheng Hotel who drank while standing while wearing a long gown. This typical detail captured by the author can roughly reflect Kong Yiji's ups and downs experience and mental outlook. Therefore, this detail is of critical significance to the depiction of the entire artistic image, just like the focus of light and the main theme of the music.

At the same time, Lu Xun also gave a general description of Kong Yiji's life in his works, and through several specific incidents: Kong Yiji was ridiculed and laughed at by the drinkers in the Xianheng Hotel; Kong Yiji asked the hotel boy about his Chinese calligraphy. Four ways of writing; Kong Yiji had his leg broken because he stole Ding Juren's things, etc.; it describes the protagonist's real-life activities and experiences in detail. These narratives and descriptions are undoubtedly very important in shaping Kong Yiji's image. Only in this way can we Make the characters appear in front of the readers vividly and three-dimensionally. However, because the author skillfully condensed the typical detail of "standing while drinking while wearing a long gown" from Kong Yiji's entire life experience, it can play a more "finishing point" role in shaping the entire artistic image. Therefore, the "eyes" that can capture and depict artistic images keenly and accurately can also achieve the artistic effect of one to ten.

Thirdly, in the writing of "Kong Yiji", Lu Xun had a very perfect overall concept for this short story. This complete artistic concept was developed according to the following three clues: 1. Kong Yiji cherished the long gown that symbolized his identity as a scholar. He was unwilling to take it off after it was worn out, and he still looked down on those short coats from the bottom of his heart. , but the poverty-stricken life finally made him lose the long gown, and finally put on the "shabby jacket" of the short-shirt gang; 2. When Kong Yiji stood drinking outside the counter of Xianheng Hotel, how much he envied those who could " He is a drinker who "sit down and drink slowly", but he never had the ability to go into the shop and sit down to drink; however, later his legs were broken by the Juren Master, and he went to the Xianheng Hotel to buy wine for the last time. This time he finally sat down and drank, but He was not sitting in the booth next door, but sitting on a cattail bag hung on his shoulders with a straw rope, drinking a bowl of wine handed to him by the boy; 3. Kong Yiji usually bought cash in Xianheng Hotel The wine was never in arrears, and he kept accounts from time to time, and would definitely pay it off in less than a month. His name was wiped off the chalkboard, but the feudal society buried everything about him, and he finally had to owe nineteen nineteen yuan that could never be repaid. A debt of money left the world alone. It can be seen that from wearing a long gown to wearing a short coat, from standing to drinking while sitting, from never being in debt to being in debt forever, this is the author's entire conception of the character description and plot development of the work. This extremely ingenious artistic conception profoundly summarizes the tragic changes Kong Yiji experienced in his life. At the same time, these conceptual clues are like the veins in the body and the ropes in the fishing net to the entire work. With them, the complicated life phenomena described in the work have a clue, and the work becomes a perfect The artistic whole, and this method of grasping the context and grasping the rope can also achieve the effect of one to ten in art.

Pay attention to choosing an ideal artistic angle that reflects life, devote yourself to the "eye" of depicting artistic images, and be good at grasping the perfect clues of artistic conception. This may be why this short work "Kong Yiji" has both The deep and wide capacity may be the secret of achieving the "unhurried" artistic state.