Protection methods in Kuanzhai Lane

The core area of Chengdu Kuanzhai Lane Historical and Cultural Protection Zone covers an area of 66,590 square meters, with about 73 courtyards and units. The original building area is about 6 1.300 square meters, with 944 households. Most of the local traditional courtyards are residential buildings, especially the streets and lanes have basically maintained the style and characteristics of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Through field investigation and mapping, there are 48 traditional quadrangle residential buildings with an area of about 327 13 square meters, accounting for 49. 13% of the core area, and 25 new buildings with an area of about 223 17 square meters, accounting for 33.510% of the core area. There are about 42 courtyards with protection value, covering an area of about 259 18 square meters, accounting for 38.92% of the core area and 79.22% of the traditional courtyards.

Chengdu Kuanzhai Lane historical and cultural protection zone adopts the protection strategy of integrity, authenticity, diversity and sustainability.

Overall protection strategy

Kuanzhai Lane historical and cultural protection area is a whole composed of streets, courtyards, buildings, decorative components, landscaping and other historical elements. To protect and display historical information completely, we should not simply protect the scenery, but comprehensively protect the streets, courtyards, buildings and decorations.

Authenticity protection strategy

On the basis of overall protection, pay more attention to the protection of authenticity: three traditional streets and lanes, namely wide lanes, narrow lanes and wells, should be completely preserved; Retain nearly 80% of the traditional courtyards containing historical information, so that the whole block still maintains the courtyard shape in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China; According to the detailed architectural surveying and mapping, the traditional wooden structure residential buildings in the courtyard are completely transformed, and the traditional building materials, architectural styles and construction techniques are adopted to ensure the original architectural style; For buildings and structures that need simple maintenance and reinforcement, such as fences (including old rammed earth walls and brick walls) and doorways (Chinese gantry and gatehouse, western brick gatehouse), take concealed maintenance and reinforcement, or replace some damaged parts, and take measures such as chemical reinforcement and building enclosure to protect the earth walls that need special protection; Remains and decorations with historical and cultural characteristics in the block, such as ancient wells, inscriptions, piers, tied horse stones and ancient trees. , are kept in place.

Diversity protection strategy

In the historical evolution of nearly 300 years, Kuanzhai Lane has a strong diversity and inclusiveness. At first, it was the integration of big cities and few cities, the combination of northern hutongs and Sichuan folk houses; After the Revolution of 1911, the city walls were demolished, and Han people entered the city and began to buy Manchu courtyards to build houses. During the Republic of China, influenced by western architecture, the architectural style has obvious western characteristics. In the fifties and sixties, the building materials were common and the technology was simple, while in the seventies and eighties, the square box houses were single. In the 1990s, some antique buildings were varied and varied, and all kinds of buildings were contained in complete streets and courtyards, which brought out the best in each other. Only the Manchu and Mongolian Eight Banners lived in the streets of the city in the Qing Dynasty. During the Republic of China, there were descendants of Banners, dignitaries, and of course more ordinary people. After liberation, a large number of residents moved in, and there were almost no aborigines in Kuanzhai Lane. During the Cultural Revolution, a group of residents moved in. With the rapid economic development today, free real estate transactions have changed the residents in Kuanzhai Lane. It turns out that all the streets and alleys are residential buildings. With the diversification of life needs, various businesses have emerged, such as offices, factories, hotels, restaurants, shops and teahouses.

To protect the diversity of Kuanzhai Lane, in a sense, is an important supplement to the integrity and authenticity protection. The protection strategy of diversity is not to restore historical blocks to a certain historical period, but to clearly reflect the imprint and characteristics of each historical period.

The continuation of diversity: for example, the architectural nature has increased various forms such as commerce, catering, hotels, exhibitions and performances while retaining a certain number of houses; In architectural design, in addition to a large number of traditional wood structures, brick-concrete structure, reinforced concrete structure, steel structure, local reinforcement and other structural forms are also adopted. In addition to the traditional houses in western Sichuan and the brick wall facade with the characteristics of the Republic of China and the West, the architectural style also adds appropriate modern elements to highlight the characteristics of the times with glass, steel, metal plates and lighting effects; In the process of implementation, the project owner also adopted a variety of modes and technologies, rather than a single overall relocation and unified construction, including retaining the status quo, relocation, cooperative construction, unified planning and self-construction, which fully reflected the principle of residents' participation.

Sustainable protection strategy

The sustainable protection strategy should follow the principle of "gradual progress, organic renewal, residents' participation and dynamic protection". Although the implementation process of Chengdu Kuanzhai Lane historical and cultural protection zone is mainly based on relocated households, it is not a simple and rude demolition mode. It not only implements preferential conditions for relocated residents, but also gradually increases various forms of residents' participation. Of the 944 households, 1 10 finally moved into Kuanzhai Lane; Those who are willing to leave have not only completely improved their living conditions, but also received more generous compensation. Some of the residents who stayed behind joined the ranks of cooperative construction and self-repair, and some adopted the way of relocation, which kept Kuanzhai Lane's original vitality.