Old appearance of Chongqing tea garden new area

After five years of construction, Tea Garden New District has developed from a barren farmland to an important window for reform and opening up and an important base for economic development in Nan 'an District and Chongqing. The completion of Tongjiang Avenue and the commencement of Nanshan Tunnel further narrowed the "distance" between tea gardens and Chongqing's main urban area and surrounding cities. With the start of the relocation project of administrative center in Nan 'an District of Chongqing, the start of the first large-scale real estate project-Tongjing International City, which covers an area of 3,000 mu, and the construction of major schools, hospitals and parks, Tea Garden New District has entered the fast lane of development smoothly. However, the tea garden builders have not been complacent. They thought deeply about the harmonious development of the city in the next 20 years or even longer, and further put forward the goal of "building an eco-city" to raise the construction concept of the new tea garden area to a new height.

Tea Garden, a new city rising in the east of Chongqing's main city, is not only an important part of Chongqing's urbanization process, but also an active exploration and practice of China's eco-city construction.

From "Crossing Two Rivers" to "Crossing Two Mountains"

New city construction is a measure to improve the regional structure of the city and share the residential and industrial functions of the central city after the big city develops to a certain stage. No matter from the geographical conditions or urbanization practice, the "new city strategy" of building a sub-center of the city is the only way for Chongqing's urban development.

As one of the six industrial bases in China, Chongqing is the economic center city in the southwest and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, with special geographical advantages. However, due to geographical constraints, Chongqing has initially formed a Yuzhong Peninsula city where the two rivers meet, with a population density of 80,000 people per square kilometer. It was not until 1998 put forward the idea of "crossing the two rivers and developing to Jiangbei District, Northern New District and Nan 'an District" and established the urban multi-center system of "one master and four deputies" that the urban development of our city really stepped out of Yuzhong Peninsula.

"The 98 version of the General Regulations focuses on the core area of the main city between the two mountains, but it does not explicitly put forward the use of peripheral groups to ease the population and industry in the central city. This has led to the further concentrated development of the city, resulting in problems such as insufficient urban space, crowded housing, traffic congestion, environmental degradation, and widening gap between urban and rural areas, making the contradiction between urban resource utilization and protection more prominent. " Liu Chao, director of the Construction Management Office of Tea Garden New District Management Committee, told the reporter that the demand for construction land in Chongqing increased rapidly after 2000, which made it necessary to consider the development of the city in a larger scope.

Therefore, the new round of Chongqing Urban Master Plan (2005 ~ 2020) puts forward the idea of "cross-mountain development", that is, by crossing Tongluo Mountain and Zhongliang Mountain to the east and west respectively, two urban sub-centers, namely Tea Garden and Xiyong, are added to establish a "one master and six deputies" urban center system. "The original' there are mountains outside the city' has changed into' there are mountains in the city', and Chongqing has become a veritable' mountain' city," Liu Chao said.

As the sub-center of Chongqing's key development in the new century, the planned area of Chayuan New Town is 120 square kilometers, which passes through Tongluo Mountain in the west, about 9.5 kilometers away from the central business district, that is, the center of Chongqing, and about 8.7 kilometers away from the established sub-center of Nanping City, with obvious location advantages. However, some experts pointed out that due to the barrier of Tongluo Mountain, the connection between this area and the old city is still relatively low and the accessibility is not good enough. This is also the natural "barrier" for Chongqing's urban expansion to surpass the "mountain".

"Cross-mountain development of new towns, traffic has become the first problem to be solved. Especially for tea gardens, it also bears the dual transportation functions of external and internal. " Although Zhenwushan Tunnel had been built at that time to keep the tea garden in touch with the old city, the tea garden builders clearly realized that it was not enough for a new city with a population of 500,000-700,000. Therefore, in the past five years, builders have built many roads leading to the main city of Chongqing and even the surrounding cities, such as century avenue and Tongjiang Avenue, newly started Nanshan Tunnel and Cimushan Tunnel, and built Dongshuimen Bridge and rail transit, in an attempt to turn tea garden into a central area that can radiate the eastern part of Chongqing through strong traffic, and even "an important gateway connecting the surrounding cities with Chongqing".

"With the gradual improvement of traffic conditions, the distance between the tea garden and Jie Fangbei will be shortened to 9 kilometers, becoming the nearest sub-center in the true sense. The distance to be overcome at present is actually people's psychological distance to the region, which is a process of understanding. " Dr Chen Changchun, president of Tongjing Group Co., Ltd., the developer of Tongjing International City, has a deep understanding of this. He believes that from the perspective of living, the quality of living in the main urban area of Chongqing, which is known as the "cement forest", is not high, while the land for tea garden construction reaches 74 square kilometers. The future construction density will definitely be much lower than that in the main urban area, and the quality of living environment will definitely improve. More. "The distance is closer, the environment is better, and the expansion of the city is inevitable. This is the primary basis for Tongjing to enter the tea garden first. "

"Changing space for quality is an inevitable trend of urban population's residential development," Chen Changchun told reporters. And this is also the simplest and direct expression of the driving force of urbanization development.

Breakthrough of ecological concept

Urbanization is not a simple high-rise building, nor is it a simple way to concentrate farmers in cities at a very high environmental cost. The real goal of urbanization should be to establish a kind of social harmony, economic efficiency and good ecological living form. It is based on this concept that the new tea garden area has been given the position of "ecological city".

Since 2000, after five years of construction, Tea Garden New District has basically completed industrial agglomeration and infrastructure construction, and has begun to take shape as the basic conditions for urban development. Faced with the development goal of Chongqing Sub-center and various problems in the process of urbanization in many places in China, tea garden builders raised questions with a longer-term perspective: "What is the real goal of urbanization? What kind of city do people need? "

"It must be understood that people are the main body living in cities, and urbanization is also the upgrading of human living patterns. Therefore, it is necessary to create an ecologically livable environment to improve the quality of life, which is the connotation and trend of future urban development and a strategic choice to achieve sustainable urban development." Ma Yong, secretary of the Party Working Committee and director of the Management Committee of Tea Garden New District, said. Therefore, the tea garden builders have determined the "ecological" urban development ideas. China Urban Planning and Design Institute, which is in charge of tea garden urban planning, highlighted the characteristics of "eco-city" in the planning scheme, and planned and designed two mountain parks and two water parks in the urban core area of less than 3 square kilometers, creating a big environment with "big mountains as the screen, small hills as the garden and two mountains and two waters as the center".

In fact, "ecologicalization" is an inevitable choice for the development of the new tea garden area, whether it is urbanization practice or based on the hardware conditions of the tea garden itself. The west side of the area is the remnant vein of Tongluo Mountain, the east side is Mingyue Mountain, the south side is Qiaoping Mountain, and the north side is the Yangtze River. This area is characterized by shallow hills. There are more than lakes and reservoirs 10, and 7 rivers. Among them, the Kuxi River, which is about 38 kilometers long, passes through this area and flows into the Yangtze River. Faced with the natural forest coverage of about 65,438+10,000 mu, the experts of the Scientific Committee on Environmental Issues of the International Union for Science exclaimed: "This is simply a natural' ecological city'".

"To build an eco-city, we must first establish the concept of' great greening' under the guidance of ecological principles". Liu Chao believes that, based on a good natural ecological environment, it is necessary to make a reasonable green space system layout for tea gardens, and comprehensively control green spots, green lines and green surfaces, especially "four mountains and one river are sacred and inviolable". At the same time, by raising the threshold for industrial enterprises to settle in, tea gardens have stepped up environmental protection review and vigorously developed pollution-free modern logistics, international exhibitions, urban tourism and other emerging industries, because "ecological economy is also the focus that must be considered."

"Urban ecologicalization not only refers to the ecologicalization of the natural environment, but also includes the ecologicalization of the whole urban structure and network," Ma Yong said. In the construction of the whole living environment, tea garden builders require that buildings must consider the requirements of residence, life, leisure, transportation, management, public services, culture, etc., try to achieve resource conservation and low cost, life cycle design, amenity design, ecological building and environmental science integration, and adopt high-tech green buildings including low-energy envelope structure, solar energy utilization, geothermal utilization and reclaimed water utilization.

In addition, the tea garden has also planned a perfect green transportation network, and designed a walking system and a public transportation system respectively. In the view of tea garden builders, transportation network is an important means to show and recognize the city, which can connect various functional units and open space into a whole spatial system. "From the two levels of community and neighborhood environment, building perfect community service facilities and ecological and serialized communication space is conducive to cultivating residents' sense of local identity and responsibility, creating a community atmosphere and enhancing residents' cohesion, which is of positive significance to the stability of social ecology." Liu Chao said.

Create the internal circulation of human settlements.

The new city needs to have a relatively independent nature, especially the new tea garden area, which is close to the category of big cities in area. This requires the tea garden to have a good internal life cycle system, and to maintain a relative balance between industrial development and real estate development, both in spatial structure and construction steps.

"Tea Garden City Sub-center should be the center of the new city in the east of Chongqing, and it is a regional commercial, commercial, financial, information, cultural, administrative center and transportation hub". In Ma Yong's view, on the one hand, the tea garden shoulders the comprehensive service function of the new town in the east of Chongqing, and on the other hand, it has the responsibility of promoting the development of the new town in the east by radiation, so its construction must be more comprehensive, high-quality and high-standard. "The promotion and innovation of functions is the eternal theme of urban development, and the new tea garden area in the future should improve the urban functions more comprehensively".

In recent years, the continuous improvement of the industrial level of the new tea garden area has also put forward requirements for the coordinated development of the real estate industry. Liu Chao pointed out that in 2005, the level of tea garden industrialization was relatively mature, and the park planning was basically completed. The establishment of the city's sub-center position provides a strong policy basis for tea gardens to accelerate the urbanization process. "It can be said that the conditions for real estate development are fully met."

Because the new tea garden area has not been formally developed before, just like a blank sheet of paper, it can better unify planning and management and form a scientific and reasonable development structure. Regarding the principle of tea garden construction, Liu Chao told reporters that, first of all, through large-scale commerce, industrial services, business office and tourism services, as many employment opportunities as possible; Secondly, through the "zero transfer" comprehensive transportation hub, large-scale comprehensive commercial service facilities, administrative offices, cultural entertainment, tourism services, hotels and other service facilities, the attraction of the center will be improved; Thirdly, through the dynamic response of TOD model, a set of scientific traffic facilities system is constructed; Finally, the comprehensive development of the balance between residence and work, which organically combines industrial development with urban expansion and establishes a comprehensive development model with a relative balance between work and life.

June 5438+1October 265438+20051October, at the recommendation meeting of Chongqing Multidimensional Eco-city Project, the real estate development land with a total area of 6,700 mu was launched in Tea Garden New District. Zhang Jin, Marketing Director of Tongjing Group, said at the meeting that the reason why Tongjing dared to take the lead was based on five factors: strong government support, strong industrial impetus, perfect basic facilities, high starting point planning and advanced development ideas. "I believe that tea gardens can become the main field of Chongqing's urban development in the future." It is understood that up to now, nearly ten real estate developers have settled in the Tea Garden New District, with a total contracted development area of more than 65,438+100000 mu.

In the eyes of the builders of the new tea garden area, the tea garden is already like their own half-acre garden, a vegetable field. Over the years, they only focused on two "things": building a realistic tea garden and designing a future tea garden. "We must always be cautious, take the planning and construction of tea gardens as a historical task, examine them in the long history of urban development, and consider the gains and losses in development after decades or even hundreds of years when making major project decisions, so as to truly build tea gardens into a multi-dimensional eco-city."

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