Who are the three police officers referring to?

Yuan Zongdao, Yuan Hongdao, Yuan Zhongdao. Because they were all members of the Hubei Public Security Bureau, they were known as the "Three Yuans of the Public Security Bureau" in history.

Yuan Zongdao

(1560～1600) was named Boxiu, also known as Yupan and Shipu. A writer of the Ming Dynasty, he was a native of Huguang Public Security Bureau (now part of Hubei Province) in the Ming Dynasty. In the seventeenth year of Wanli (1589), he ranked first in the general examination. He was selected as a concubine and was awarded the title of editor and editor. His official rank was the right concubine. One of the initiators and leaders of the "Gong'an Faction", he is known as the "Three Yuan" together with his younger brothers Hongdao and Zhongdao. Jingzhou police officer. In the 14th year of Wanli (1586), he ranked first in the examination of the Ministry of Rites. The following year, he was appointed editor of the Hanlin Academy and was awarded the title of Shu Jishi. When the retro school was at its peak, he singled out Bai Juyi and Su Shi and became one of the representatives of the Anhui school. In August of the 25th year of Wanli, he served as a lecturer in the East Palace with the Hanlin Academy's compilation, "when the rooster crows, the cold and heat will not stop." In the autumn of the 28th year of Wanli, he "died of exhaustion" in Beijing. Aged 41. After Guangzong succeeded to the throne, he presented the right minister of the Ministry of Rites as a gift. In literature, he not only opposed imitating the retro style, but also focused on learning the spirit of "ancient literature" from his predecessors. He published two "Essays" one after another, which played an important role in the history of Chinese literature and still has certain progressive significance. These two papers refuted the "seven scholars" before and after who violated the laws of literary development, advocated the fallacy of plagiarism and retrogression, and advocated that writers should "learn from theory and learn from literature." In the twenty-sixth year of Wanli, three Yuan brothers jointly initiated the organization of the "Putao Society" at Chongguo Temple in the western suburbs of Beijing, where they recited poems and wrote articles to criticize the "Seven Sons". He is refreshing, steady and peaceful. After serving as an official for 15 years, he "spared his travels and social activities" and "never took a penny from anyone". As an official in the East Palace, after his death, he only had a few gold coins in his pocket, and he could hardly be buried. He is the author of 22 volumes of "Bai Su Zhai Collection". Most of his poems and essays are written out of emotion, straightforward and natural. His representative works include "Jietan Mountain One", "Shangfangshan Mountain", "Xiaoxi Tianyi", etc. However, his creations have the same shortcomings of poor content like Yuan Hongdao, which is also caused by his creative thinking.

Journey to Jile Temple

Gaoliangqiao water comes from the deep stream of the Western Mountains and enters the Yuhe River. Thousands of horses are trained in vain, and the breeze moves on the water, like ribbed paper. The embankment is in the water, sandwiched by two waves, with four rows of green willows and ancient trees with many leaves. The shade of one tree can cover several seats, and the vertical line is more than ten feet long. There are many Buddhist huts and Taoist temples in the north of the bank, and the Zhumen Cyan Hall stretches for dozens of miles. Opposite there are trees in the distance, clustered high and low, with paddy fields in between. The Western Mountain is like a snail bun, emerging between forests and water. It's three miles from Kek Lok Temple to the bridge, and the path is also good, with horses walking in the shade of greenery. If Zhang Gai. In front of the hall, there are several tooth-picking pine trees. Their bodies are bright green and tender yellow, and their spots are as large as fish scales. In my spare time, I visited here with Huang Sili. Yu younger brother Zhonglang said: "This place is as small as Qiantang Su Di." Sili agreed. I have been dreaming about the beautiful scenery of the West Lake for a long time. When will I be crowned as a wise man, become a guest under the Sixth Bridge, and be free from the obstacles of this landscape? On this day, each rhyme is composed of a poem.

Jin Xian Crown: A silk cloth crown worn by cowards in ancient times. This refers to the crown worn by civil servants. Six bridges; the six bridges on the West Lake Su Causeway are named Yingbo, Suolan, Wangshan, Yadi, Dongpu and Kuahong.

In his spare time, being able to take two or three friends to the countryside to enjoy the pastoral scenery was undoubtedly a spiritual relief for Yuan Zongdao, who had to make a living in officialdom. Therefore, the focus of his attention was not the temple of Zhumen Chongdian, but the scenery along the way: thousands of white horses, mountains like snail buns; two waves of embankments, rows of green poplars... The beautiful and quiet scene may be similar to Qiantang Su Embankment It is very similar, which cannot help but make the author of "I am in Wei Que, my heart is under the forest" be moved by the scene, and sigh "When will I hang up the virtuous crown, become a guest under the Sixth Bridge, and overcome the emotional barrier of this landscape?"

Yuan Hongdao

Introduction

(1568～1610) Ming Dynasty writer, the leader of the "Gongan Sect", the second brother of Yuan Zongdao. His courtesy name is Zhonglang, also known as Wuxue, and his nickname is Shi Gong, also known as Liuxiu. A native of Jingzhou Public Security Bureau (now in Hubei Province).

Yuan Hongdao never had any intention of pursuing an official career. He became a Jinshi in the 20th year of Wanli (1592), but he did not want to be an official. Instead, he visited his teachers to study and traveled around the mountains and rivers. He once resigned as the magistrate of Wuxian County, traveled around Suzhou and Hangzhou, and wrote many famous travel notes, such as "Tiger Hill" and "First Arrival at West Lake". He loves natural mountains and rivers by nature, and even takes risks to climb there. He once said, "If you love your body and cherish your life, why travel in the mountains?" "It is better to die on a cold stone than to die in bed." ("Viewing Waterfalls from Kaixian Temple to Huangyan Temple") While climbing mountains and facing water, his thoughts After being liberated, individuality was expressed, and the passion for literary creation was particularly high.

Life

In the twenty-sixth year of Wanli reign of Ming Shenzong (1598), Yuan Hongdao received a letter from his brother Yuan Zongdao, who was serving in the capital, asking him to come to Beijing. He had no choice but to curb his interest in sightseeing and came to Beijing, where he was awarded the professorship of Shuntianfu (the seat of governance in Beijing). In the second year, he was promoted to assistant teacher of the Imperial College. This article ("Manjing Travel Notes") was written in the spring of this year.

Yuan Hongdao was born in Huguang Public Security Bureau (Hubei Public Security Bureau). The coldness of the northern country somewhat hindered his interest in traveling. The first paragraph of the article describes the distress of not being able to swim. In early spring and February, it is suddenly warm and then cold. This is not surprising to northerners, but for a person who grew up in the south of the Yangtze River, it is intolerable. The author knows rationally that "the ground in Yan is cold", but "after the Flower Festival, the lingering cold is still severe" is his personal feeling and experience. The word "yu" and the word "yu" complement each other and fully describe the situation of the cold wave that refuses to let go. So, what is its specific performance? The author uses extremely concise language to describe it: "When the freezing wind blows, the sand and gravel fly." Instead of saying "cold wind" or "cold wind", he said "freezing wind", which is intended to illustrate the degree of coldness and also show that the author Sensitivity to "Yan Di Han". In such bad weather, we had to "be cramped in a room and couldn't get out." From the point of view of "Every time I travel in the wind, I often come back before I have taken a hundred steps", the author has tried countless times but failed.

Yuan Zhongdao

(1570-1623) a writer of the Ming Dynasty. The word is slightly repaired, and the work is repaired less. Hubei police officer. One of the leaders of the "Gong'an Faction" and the brother of Yuan Zongdao and Yuan Hongdao. He is a scholar at the age of 16. He considers himself a hero. He has a bold personality and likes to socialize. He likes to read books by Lao, Zhuang, and Buddhism. After he became an adult, he failed several times in the imperial examinations. He was awarded the Wanli Scholarship, was awarded the title of Professor of Huizhou Prefecture, Doctor of the Imperial College, and became a doctor in the Ministry of Civil Affairs of Nanjing. The younger you are, the more literary you become, and the older you become, the more heroic you become. Along with his brothers Zongdao and Hongdao, they both had literary names and were called "Three Yuan" at that time. They were both members of the Gong'an faction. Its performance is slightly inferior to Hongdao. Opposing the imitation of ancient times, he believes that literature changes with the times, and "no article in the world remains unchanged for a hundred years"; he advocates truth and expressiveness. In his later years, he put forward the idea of ??focusing on spirituality and paying attention to style in response to the disadvantages of many slang words. Prose is the best form of writing, and travel notes, diaries, and rulers and tablets each have their own characteristics. The travel notes are described in detail, the scenes are blended, and the diary is written concisely, which has a certain influence on later diary-style prose. His poems occasionally concern people's livelihood and are written in a relatively fresh style. However, the poems and essays are relatively general in thought and are only responses, sentimental and sentimental, and there is not enough innovation in art. There are 20 volumes of "Ke Xuezhai Collection" and 20 volumes of "Youju Shi Lu" ("Yuan Xiaoxiu's Diary").

The Literary Advocacy of the Gong’an School

① Oppose inheritance and advocate adaptability. Members of the Gong'an School lashed out at the Seven Scholars' tendency to imitate sentences and words, and to adhere to the past. They sharply criticized the phenomenon of "plagiarism being common in the literary world and everyone speaking out". Yuan Zongdao also pointedly pointed out that the source of the disease of the retro school "is not imitation. And in the unconscious” (“Essay”). They advocated that literature should develop and change with the times. “Each generation has its own ups and downs, but the laws do not follow each other. Each has its own extreme changes, and each has its own interests.” (Yuan Hongdao’s "Xu Xiao Xiu Shi") There is no need to imitate the ancients, they are also trends" (Yuan Hongdao's "Yu Jiang Jinzhi"). Not only the literary content, but also the formal language will also change and become popular. This is because "the temperament is expressed in everything, and it is bound to differ from each other and become slang. When it becomes slang, it will change" (Yuan Zhongdao's "Hua Xue") "Fu Yin"). Therefore, "Why should we be high in the past? Why should we be humble today?" They further advocated: "Beliefs and words have become rules" and "Gu An's law of the ancients can be summarized!" (Yuan Hongdao's "Preface to the Collection of Xuetao Pavilion") Break through all the barriers that restrict creation.

②Express one’s own spirit without sticking to any stereotypes. The so-called "spirit" refers to the writer's personality expression and true feelings, which is close to Li Zhi's "childlike innocence theory". They believe that "those that come from the spirit of nature are true poems", and "the peace of nature cannot be forced, and what is done spontaneously is the real person" (Yuan Hongdao, "Knowing Zhang You Yu After the Inscription of Proverbs"), and further emphasizes that one must not follow oneself If something comes out of your chest, you won’t be able to write. Therefore, they advocate that "the true person is extremely sincere. Without sincerity, he cannot move people" and should "say what others want to say, what others cannot say, and what others dare not say" (Lei Sipei, "Xiao Bitang" "Preface to the Collection"), which contains a rebellion against the gentle and honest poetic teachings of Confucian tradition. They explained the creative process as "the spirit is in the heart and resides in the environment. If the environment is touched, the heart can take it; if the heart desires to spit it out, the wrist can transport it." "Bida" (Jiang Yingke's "Preface to the Anthology of My Sui").

As long as "the wise and talented people in the world will realize that the soul is boundless, and the more they search, the more they will discover, each will show its own uniqueness, and each will have its own changes, and then everyone's true face will be revealed in Chu Mo" (Yuan Zhongdao's "Zhongmo") "The Preface to the Complete Works of Mr. Lang") can achieve literary innovation.

③ Respect folk songs and novels and promote popular literature. The Gong'an School attaches great importance to drawing nourishment from folk literature. Yuan Hongdao once said that he used folk songs such as "Drazing the Zaogan" as poems, which made him "open his poetic eyes, his poetic heart, and his collection of poems." He believed that the women and children in Luli at that time were Sings such as "Breaking the Jade" and "Drawing the Jujube Cane" were "composed by unheard and ignorant real people, so they have many real voices". He also praised "Water Margin" for being more bizarre than "Historical Records", and felt that in comparison "The Six Classics are not the ultimate text, and Ma Qian lost his group practice" ("Listen to Zhu Sheng's Talk about Water Margin"). This is related to their views on literary development and innovation, and played a certain role in improving the social status of folk literature and popular literature in that period.

The Gong'an faction made great achievements in liberation of literature and style, "wiping out Wang and Li Yunwu" ("Gong'an County Chronicles: Biography of Yuan Zhonglang"). The travel notes, rulers and sketches are also very distinctive, either elegant and fresh, or Lively and humorous, unique in his own way. However, they passively avoid the world in real life and mostly describe trivial matters or natural scenery around them, lacking profound social content, so the themes of their creations become increasingly narrow. Those who imitate them "blurt out words without double check", "use slang, be delicate, and be reckless", and even "go blind and cross their fans wildly, and practice despicable slang" (Qian Qianyi's "Biography of Poetry Collection of Dynasties") ). Later generations commented that the theoretical significance of the Gong'an School's literary propositions exceeded their creative practice, which is only fair.