What are Bazhen, Babao, Liu Yin, Liushi, Baicao and Baijiang?

Eight treasures originally refer to eight precious foods, and later to eight rare and precious cooking materials.

The formulation of babao was first seen in Zhou Li's Tianguan Zhong You: "One doctor, one palm, six kings eat, six drinks, six meals, one hundred vegetables, one hundred sauces and eight babao tong." It should be said that the contents of China's "eight treasures" are different.

(1) Eight Treasures of the Zhou Dynasty. First, the Book of Rites lists: Chun Yong (rice with meat sauce), Chun Mu (yellow rice with meat sauce), cannon dolphin (stewed and fried suckling pig), cannon? (Simmer, roast, stir-fry, stew mutton), pound (roast beef, sheep, tenderloin), stain (wine, sugar, beef and mutton), boil (similar to spiced beef jerky), liver? Eight foods (or eight cooking methods). Secondly, "eight treasures" refer to cattle, sheep, elk, deer, tapir, dog and wolf.

(2) Eight Treasures of Yuan Dynasty. Northern Eight Treasures (also known as Mongolian Eight Treasures or Northern Eight Treasures). This can be found in Tao's Abandoned Farming Record at the End of Yuan Dynasty. Northern Babel is (refined cheese). Ling (some people think it is kumiss, others think it is roe deer), wild camel's hoof, deer's lips, camel's chyle (camel milk porridge), roasted swan (roasted swan), purple jade pulp (possibly purple goat's milk) and Yuxuan pulp (mare's milk).

(3) Eight Treasures of Ming Dynasty. It can be found in Zhang's "Collecting the saliva of a group of books" in the Ming Dynasty: dragon liver (which may be the liver of a giant salamander or pangolin, or the liver of a snake, or some people think it is the liver of a white horse), phoenix marrow (which may be the brain of a golden pheasant), leopard fetus, and carp tail (which is not a carp tail, because the carp tail is nothing special, neither rare nor precious, nor has any special taste, and it is probably a pangolin. Roast (roasted owl), scarlet lips, bear's paw, crispy buttermilk cicada (probably high-grade crispy buttermilk, Li Ming's daily "Liuyanzhai Notes" said "today's snail-hugging crisp." Its shape does not match the snail shape, but it is like the belly of a cicada ").

shark's fin

(4) Eight Treasures in Qing Dynasty. It is reported that one of them is "Eight Treasures of Ginseng Wings", and half of them are from China. It refers to ginseng (sea cucumber), wing (shark's fin), bone (fish bone, also known as fish crisp), belly (fish belly), nest (bird's nest), palm (bear's paw), tendon (deer tendon) and frog (clam steamed bread). The second is "Eight Treasures of Mountains and Rivers".

Eight treasures in the mountains: bear's paw, velvet antler, rhinoceros (or elephant trunk), hump, civet cat, leopard fetus, lion milk and monkey brain; Water eight treasures: shark's fin, abalone, fish lips, sea cucumber, skirt (apron-shaped soft meat outside turtle shell), scallop, fish crisp and frog. The third is the "four treasures" of the Manchu-Han banquet. That is, the eight treasures in the mountain: hump, bear's paw, monkey brain, scarlet lips, elephant pull (elephant trunk), leopard fetus, rhinoceros tail and deer tendon; Eight treasures in the sea: bird's nest, shark's fin, Sichuan aconite, fish belly, fish bone, abalone, seal and pike (giant salamander); Eight treasures of birds: Hongyan, Longfei (a bird named Hazelnut, which is produced in the northeast mountain forest), quail, swan, partridge, colorful finch (probably peacock), turtledove and red-headed eagle; Caobazhen: Hericium erinaceus (Auricularia), Tremella, Dictyophora, Hericium erinaceus, Bird's Nest Auricularia, Morchella, Flower Mushroom, Day Lily, Yunxiangxin (one of the mushrooms). According to the old gentleman in South China, "eight kinds of seafood" and "babao beast". Eight kinds of seafood: shark's fin, sea cucumber, fish belly, mussel (dried mussel), scallop (dried scallop), fish lips, abalone and squid; Eight treasures of animals: bear's paw, elephant trunk, hump, scarlet lips, deer tail, monkey brain, leopard fetus and bird's nest.

(5) Eight Treasures of the Republic of China. During the Republic of China, there were eight treasures in the world, eight treasures in the middle and eight treasures in the bottom. However, due to different regions, the contents of Bazhen are also different. For example, eight treasures in Beijing: red lips, bird's nest, hump, bear's paw, Hericium erinaceus (fungus), leopard tire, deer tendon and clam steamed bread; Eight treasures of Yantai: scarlet lip, bird's nest, hump, bear's paw, Hericium erinaceus (bacteria), preserved duck breast, deer tendon and yellow lip glue; Among the eight treasures in Beijing: shark's fin, tripe (tripe of sole produced in Guangdong, that is, sole of sole), fishbone, arowana sausage, black ginseng, shad, abalone and scallop; Eight treasures of Yantai: shark's fin, tripe, shad, tremella, civet, frog, fish lips and skirt; Beijing's next eight treasures: Sichuan bamboo shoots, mullet eggs (cuttlefish eggs), tremella, Tricholoma, Hericium erinaceus (fungi), skirts, fish lips and civets; Eight treasures of Yantai: Sichuan bamboo shoots, sea cucumbers, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Tricholoma giganteum, mullet eggs, red scale fish, scallops, scallops, scallops, scallops and so on. Yellow.

(6) Modern Babel. Many of the eight treasures in the past are now protected animals, and the state explicitly prohibits the killing and eating, such as bears, monkeys, elephants, deer, orangutans, leopards, rhinoceroses, swans, owls, wild camels, seals, giant salamanders and so on. Now these animals naturally can't be included in the eight treasures. But what should be today's eight treasures? The author believes that it should only be determined within the range of animals and plants allowed to be eaten by the state, and it should be selected from the perspective of "scarcity, scarcity, expensive and beauty".