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(1) According to the building height, it is mainly divided into low-rise, multi-storey, small high-rise, high-rise and super-high-rise buildings.

(2) According to the structural form of the building, it is mainly divided into brick-wood structure, brick-concrete structure, steel-concrete frame structure, steel-concrete shear wall structure, steel-concrete frame-shear wall structure and steel structure.

(3) According to the classification of architectural forms, it is mainly divided into low-rise houses, multi-storey houses, medium-high-rise houses, high-rise houses and other forms of houses.

(4) According to the types of houses, they are mainly divided into ordinary units, apartments, duplex houses, duplex houses, garden houses, small-sized houses (super-small-sized houses) and so on.

(5) According to the classification of housing policy attributes, it is mainly divided into low-rent housing, purchased public housing (reformed housing), affordable housing and housing cooperatives to raise funds to build houses.

9. Low-rise residence

Low-rise residence mainly refers to (one family) detached residence, (two families) vertical residence and (many families) townhouse. Compared with multi-storey and high-rise houses, low-rise houses have the most natural affinity (often with special residential courtyards) and are suitable for children or the elderly. There is little interference between residents and a pleasant living atmosphere. Although this kind of residence is loved by residents, it is limited in the total supply due to the objective conditions such as land price and utilization efficiency, high politics and supporting facilities, scale and location.

10. Multi-storey residence

Multi-storey residence is the most representative urban collective residence, which mainly depends on the vertical traffic of public stairs. Compared with middle and high-rise buildings (small high-rise buildings) and high-rise houses, it has certain advantages:

(1) In terms of construction investment, multi-storey residential buildings do not need to increase the investment in elevators, high-pressure pumps and public walkways like middle-high-rise and high-rise residential buildings.

(2) In terms of apartment design, multi-storey residential apartment design space is relatively large and living comfort is high.

(3) In terms of structural structure, multi-storey houses usually adopt brick-concrete structure, so the construction cost of multi-storey houses is generally low.

However, multi-storey houses also have shortcomings, mainly in:

(1) The living conditions on the ground floor and the top floor are not ideal, the safety and lighting of the residents on the bottom floor are poor, and the bathroom is easy to overflow and has an odor; The top floor residents are inconvenient to get on and off because there is no elevator. In addition, the roof has poor heat insulation and water resistance.

(2) Innovation is difficult. Due to the stereotyped design and construction technology, it is difficult to innovate in the structure, building materials selection and spatial layout of multi-storey houses, resulting in the disadvantages of "one thousand buildings on one side". If we want to innovate, we need to increase investment and lose the advantages in price and cost.

There are many plane types of multi-storey houses, the basic types are stairs, corridors and independent units.

1 1. Small high-rise residential building

Generally speaking, small high-rise houses mainly refer to collective houses with floors 7 to 10. From a height point of view, there is a multi-storey residential atmosphere, but it is also a low high-rise residential, so it is called a small high-rise. For this small high-rise launched by the market, it seems to be a middle road between multi-storey and high-rise. Compared with multi-storey houses, this small high-rise building has its own characteristics:

(1) The floor area ratio of buildings is higher than that of multi-storey houses, which saves land, and the investment cost of real estate developers is lower than that of multi-storey houses.

(2) This kind of small high-rise residential buildings mostly adopt reinforced concrete structure. From the plane layout of building structure, plate structure is mostly used, which has a large design space in terms of apartment type.

(3) Because the elevator is designed, the floor is not very high, which increases the comfort of living. However, due to the limitation of floor area ratio, the price of small and high-rise buildings is generally higher than that of high-rise buildings in the same lot, which requires developers to spend more time on improving quality.

12. High-rise residential buildings

High-rise residential buildings are the product of urbanization and industrial modernization, which can be divided into tower buildings and plate buildings according to their external forms.

(1) Advantages of high-rise residential buildings: high land utilization rate, large outdoor public space and facilities, good view, convenient living in urban areas, and great attraction to property buyers.

(2) Disadvantages of high-rise residential buildings: High-rise residential buildings, especially towers, increase the difficulty of apartment design, and it is difficult to make the orientation, lighting and ventilation of each apartment on each floor reasonable. Moreover, the investment of high-rise residential buildings is large, and the consumption of steel and concrete in buildings is higher than that of multi-storey residential buildings. Need to configure elevators, high-pressure pumps, increase public walkways and doors and windows, and pay the recurrent cost of maintaining these equipment from the property management fee.

The combination of internal space in high-rise residential buildings is mainly influenced by the public transportation system in residential buildings. According to the classification of public transportation system of residential buildings, high-rise residential buildings are divided into two categories: unit type and corridor type. Among them, the unit type can be divided into independent unit type and combined unit type, and the corridor type can be divided into inner corridor type, outer corridor type and jumping corridor type.

13. Super high-rise residence

Super high-rise residential buildings are mostly more than 30 stories. The floor price of super-high-rise residence is the lowest, but its house price is not low. This is because with the continuous increase of building height, its design method, concept and construction technology will change greatly compared with ordinary high-rise residential buildings and low-rise residential buildings, and the factors to be considered will increase greatly. For example, the number of elevators, fire-fighting facilities, ventilation and smoke exhaust equipment, and personnel safety evacuation facilities will be more complicated, and the earthquake resistance and load of the structure itself will be greatly strengthened. In addition, the super high-rise building is highly prominent and eye-catching, so the decoration of the external wall is also high, which leads to high cost. If it is built in the city center or in an area with good landscape, although residents can enjoy the beautiful scenery, it is not harmonious for the whole area. Therefore, many countries do not advocate building more super-high-rise residential buildings.

14. Apartment

Modular residence, also known as staircase residence, is a unit combination of stairs serving several households, which is generally adopted by multi-storey and high-rise residences. The basic features of a unit house are:

(1) Stairs are the center of each floor, with a small number of households, generally 2-4 households, and each floor with a large depth can serve 5-8 households. Residents enter the sub-door from the stairs, and each household is self-contained.

(2) The indoor living facilities are perfect, which not only reduces the mutual interference between households, but also adapts to various climatic conditions.

(3) The building area is small, the apartment type is relatively simple, the production can be standardized, and the cost is economical and reasonable.

(4) still keep a certain public use area, such as stairs, walkways, garbage lanes, etc.; Maintaining certain neighborhood ties is conducive to improving interpersonal relationships.

15. Apartment

Apartment houses are different from single-family houses. Apartment houses are generally built in big cities, mostly high-rise buildings, with high standards; Each floor has several single-family suites, including bedroom, living room, living room, bathroom, toilet, kitchen, balcony and so on. Some of them are rented by Chinese and foreign businessmen and their families in hotels for a short time.

16. Garden-style residence

Garden-style houses are generally called western-style houses or small houses, also known as garden villas. Generally, it is a single-family bungalow with garden lawn and garage or a small building with two or three floors, with low building density, complete internal living functions, luxurious decoration and rich changes. Indoor water, electricity and heating are all available, and outdoor roads, communications, shopping and greening have high standards, which are generally purchased by high-income people.

17 duplex residence

Duplex residence means that the residence occupies two floors, and the auxiliary spaces such as bedroom, living room, living room, bathroom and kitchen can be arranged in layers, and the upper and lower floors are connected by small stairs, without public stairs.

Advantages: (1) Large lighting area and good ventilation for each household; (2) The indoor living area and auxiliary area are large; (3) Compact layout, clear functions and less mutual interference.

18. duplex residence

Duplex residence generally refers to adding a mezzanine on the higher floor of each household. The total height of the two floors is much lower than that of duplex houses (3.3 meters for duplex houses and 5.6 meters for ordinary duplex houses), and the lower floor is used for daily life, such as cooking, dining and bathing. The upper floor is used for rest, sleeping and storage.

The advantages are:

(1) The plane utilization coefficient is high, and the use area of the house can be increased by 50% ~ 70% through the composite of sandwich layers;

(2) The indoor partition is a wooden structure, which integrates partition, furniture and decoration, and is not only a wall, but also a floor, bed and cabinet, which reduces the comprehensive cost;

(3) The upper floor adopts sliding window, which has good ventilation and lighting. Compared with ordinary houses with the same height and area, the land utilization rate can be increased by 40%.

Disadvantages are:

(1) The duplex residence has a wide area and a small depth. If the indoor corridor plane combination is adopted, some apartments will inevitably have poor orientation, natural ventilation and lighting.

(2) The floor height is too low. If the kitchen is only 2 meters high, it is easy to feel uncomfortable after long-term use; The storage room is very large, but the height is only 1.2 meters, so it is difficult to make full use of it.

(3) Because indoor partitions and floors are made of thin wooden boards, the wood cost is high, the sound insulation and fire prevention functions are poor, and the privacy and safety of rooms are poor.

19. Intelligent residence

Intelligent residence refers to a residential building that organically combines all kinds of home automation equipment, electrical equipment, computers and network systems with architectural technology and art, so as to obtain a feeling of safe living, healthy environment, reasonable economy, convenient life and thoughtful service, which makes people feel warm and comfortable and can stimulate people's creativity. It is generally believed that a house with the following four functions is a smart house:

(1) security defense automation;

(2) body health care automation;

(3) housework automation;

(4) Automation of culture, entertainment and information.

With the following four basic functions, you can realize the automation of family activities. The automation of family activities refers to the automation of housework, management, culture, entertainment and communication. The so-called housework refers to household appliances, security facilities, energy management, etc. The so-called management refers to family purchase, economic management, housework and medical and health management; The so-called cultural entertainment refers to the use of computers for learning, entertainment, literary and artistic creation, etc. The so-called communication refers to the use of communication networks to contact and consult with the outside world.

It should be noted that computerization and intelligence are different. A large number of instruments, equipment and systems with computer hardware and software can be called "computerization", but they are not necessarily intelligent. One or several artificial intelligence technologies must be adopted to make instruments, meters, equipment and systems have certain intelligent functions before they can be called intelligence. Computerization is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for intelligence.

Intelligent residential district refers to a residential place that integrates residents and public facilities into a network based on advanced and reliable network system to realize computerized management of living facilities and service facilities of residents and communities. Its focus is to improve the level of family education, science and technology and the safety of housing.

In order to further standardize the intelligent construction of residential quarters, the Housing Industrialization Office of the Ministry of Construction and the Survey and Design Department have formulated the Key Points and Technical Guidelines for the Construction of National Intelligent System Demonstration Project in Residential Quarters (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines), which divides the intelligent system construction of residential quarters into three levels: one-star, two-star and three-star.

(1) The Guide requires that a one-star demonstration community should have: security subsystem, including entrance and exit management and perimeter defense alarm, closed-circuit television monitoring, intercom and security door control, household alarm and patrol management; Information management subsystem, including monitoring and security system, remote copy and management, IC card, vehicle access and parking management, power supply equipment, public lighting, elevators, water supply and other important equipment monitoring and management, emergency broadcasting and background music system, property management computer system; Information network subsystem, including scientific and reasonable wiring to realize the above functions, and no less than two telephone lines and two cable TV sockets shall be established for each household.

(2) The two-star demonstration community should have all the functions of one star, and the function and technical level should be greatly improved in terms of security subsystem and information management subsystem; The information transmission channel should adopt high-speed broadband data network as the backbone network; Property management computer system should be equipped with local area network for residents to use.

(3) A three-star demonstration community should have all the functions of a two-star model community. If possible, the construction of its intelligent system should realize the modern integrated building system (HI-CIMS) technology, and the construction of intelligent property management system should be brought into the whole residential area as a subsystem of HI-CIMS project. At the same time, HI-CIMS should consider the operation mode that its intelligent system is managed by the property company, so as to make it advanced, extensible and easy to manage.

20. Abandoned residential buildings

Row houses, also known as "stepped" houses, are named after their similar appearance to steps. The architectural feature of this kind of residence is that the building area of the residence decreases step by step from bottom to top, and the redundant building area of the lower floor becomes a large platform of the upper floor, which greatly exceeds the balcony area of the general residence. The advantages of retreating table-top residence are: residents have larger outdoor activity space and good lighting and ventilation; The disadvantage is that part of the building space is converted into a platform, which reduces the floor area ratio of the building and occupies more land. Therefore, the proportion of land price in the total cost has increased. At present, the retirement houses built in China are all middle and high-grade houses with high prices, which are generally built in suburban residential areas or tourist resorts with low land prices, and some low-rise detached villa houses often adopt retirement design.

2 1. collective housing

"Group" is a concept quoted by large communities at present. It is a residential structure that combines the architectural model of China quadrangle. Courtyard layout, four buildings enclose a closed space, which can bring residents a sense of territory and security through a single entrance. There is an atmosphere and space for communication between neighbors and a pleasant spatial scale, which makes people relaxed and happy, which is very in line with the psychological needs of modern people's communication.

22. Corridor residence

Corridor houses are divided into outer corridor houses and inner corridor houses.

(1) veranda mansion. The veranda houses are widely used in townhouses, multi-storey and high-rise slab houses and Y-shaped and I-shaped point houses. This kind of residence is characterized by a public corridor at one side of the room and stairs and elevators at the end of the corridor. The veranda residence can be divided into two types: long veranda and short veranda. The long veranda on the first floor can be closed or open. The former is mostly used in multi-storey and high-rise residential buildings, with columns, fences, glass and other enclosures. The advantages of veranda residence are: clear division of households, one entrance and exit in the public corridor of each building or residence, and good orientation, lighting and ventilation for each household. The disadvantages of this kind of residence are: as a public transportation corridor, the veranda occupies a large area and the construction cost is high; The door of every household faces the public corridor, which greatly interferes with each other.

(2) Inner Gallery Residence. The design of the inner corridor architecture is mostly in the early multi-storey and high-rise residential buildings, college student dormitories, factories and dormitories of hotels, hotels and hospitals, and households are arranged next to each other. The house with inner corridor can also be divided into long inner corridor and short inner corridor. Depending on the number of households, one or two building (electric) ladders can be set in the middle or both ends of the inner corridor. The short inner corridor only has an elevator at one end. The disadvantages of the inner porch residence are: there are many households with stairs (electricity) service, and each household has only one direction. Because the two rows of houses are juxtaposed, it is impossible to open the doors and windows to produce through flow, and the lighting and ventilation are much lower than those of the outer porch residence; Because the corridor has no natural light, it is too dark; At the same time, sloping corridors are used between households, and the interference between households is greater than that of veranda houses. This kind of house has lower construction cost and lower sales price.

23. Single family residence

This is a single-family house with quiet living environment and convenient outdoor life. Because the building is facing the sky in all directions, the plane combination is flexible, and the interior room is easy to get good lighting and ventilation, so it is comfortable to live in. Like all kinds of villas and garden houses, they belong to single-family houses.

24. Parallel shell

Generally, it is made by splicing two houses. Each household forms a single-purpose courtyard with three empty sides, which not only has the advantages of single-family residence, but also saves land than single-family residence. Two-story and three-story parallel houses are generally used by one household upstairs and downstairs, but there are also one household upstairs and downstairs, and the front and rear yards can be used separately.

25. townhouses

Generally, it consists of multiple single-family units. Every household has a special yard behind the front house for outdoor activities and housework. This kind of house has better sunshine and ventilation conditions.

Two or three-story townhouses are generally used by one household upstairs and downstairs in each unit. But there are also upstairs and downstairs residents living, and the front and rear yards are dedicated to residents.

There are many changes in the combination of townhouses, some in rows and some in groups. For example, townhouses are popular now.

26. Stepped residence

Each unit of this kind of residence is arranged with stairs as the center, and directly enters the household door from the landing. The flat layout of the house is compact, the public transportation area in the house is small, the interference between households is small, and it is quiet, and it can also be applied to various climatic conditions. So it is a more common type.

At present, this kind of residence mostly adopts the design scheme of hall and small room, and the structure of bright kitchen, dark toilet, south entrance and multi-storey brick-concrete structure is very common now. Its advantages are compact layout, reasonable function and simple traffic route. When arranged in the north-south direction, two rooms, three rooms and one room each have two rooms, three rooms and one room facing the sun, so that every family has a sunny room with good lighting and ventilation. The living room generally reaches 14.9 square meters, with large windows facing south and connected to the balcony, and the indoor environment is comfortable.

27. Independent unit housing

Independent unit (or point) residence is a type of residence built independently by several units around a stair hub.

It faces the sky in all directions, and there are many external walls that can open windows, which is conducive to lighting and ventilation. Its plane layout is flexible, shape processing freedom is also great, and it is easy to coordinate with the surrounding environment. Each building occupies a small area, which is convenient for the use of sporadic land.

28. Tower residence

High-rise independent unit residence, also known as tower residence, is built independently by one unit, which has similar advantages to multi-storey independent unit residence. However, due to the elevator, there are more service households and the economy is improved. Its plane layout forms different contours due to regional differences. For example, in the hot summer in southern China, cross-shaped and well-shaped planes often use their notches to solve the ventilation problem; The north places more emphasis on sunshine and requires every household to have a better orientation. In addition, the tower residence above 10 requires a fire elevator, and the tower residence above 12 requires two elevators.

29. High-rise corridor residence

Corridor-style residence uses corridor as the communication channel between elevators, stairs and residents, which has the advantage of increasing the number of service households of elevators. Generally, it can be divided into two categories: inner corridor type and outer corridor type.

Because the houses in the inner corridor are arranged on both sides of the corridor, the depth of the building is large, which is conducive to saving land, but there is great interference between households and poor ventilation conditions. If you use a dark kitchen, you need to have perfect kitchen equipment. The veranda residence has the advantage of convenient ventilation, but it is difficult to avoid the shortcomings of small depth and unfavorable land saving. Due to the high-rise wind, a closed balcony is generally adopted. For example, plate-type high-rise residential buildings belong to veranda-style residential buildings.

30. Jumping Gallery Residence

Duplex residence and veranda residence use small stairs as interlayer connection, which overcomes the shortcomings and limitations of corridor residence with public walkways.

Duplex residential building with indoor stairs and two floors for each household; Outside the door, two or more households share small stairs, and each household only occupies one floor, which is called veranda residence. Due to the reduction of public corridors, such houses often form their own unique facades. Duplex residence is not suitable for small and medium-sized units because of its complicated structure, equipment and pipelines. As a result, residential buildings that skip corridors instead of floors came into being. For example, some high-rise residential buildings with plate structure have only one veranda every three floors, and small stairs are set from the veranda floor to serve the upper and lower floors; A small staircase serves two families, each of which only occupies one floor; Xing Tao is not big, the upper and lower kitchen and bathroom pipes are aligned, and the area is more economical than the duplex. At present, many high-rise slab houses in China use a residential unit, a building (electric) ladder unit and multiple building planes to form a residential district. The small stairs in the house are used by two families. The elevator unit is two stories high, saving one floor. Due to the adoption of the duplex design of the veranda, the number of elevator service households is greatly increased, which is economical and practical.

3 1. mixed residence

The "mixed residence" mentioned here refers to the residential form that combines multiple types of residences in a residential building or a group of residential buildings. For example, high-rise, multi-storey or low-rise residential mixed layout, corridor, staircase or duplex mixed use.

The mixed residence embodies the design idea and breaks through the shackles of the division of residential types. The architectural layout is more in line with the local architectural conditions at that time, meets the diversified use requirements of residents, and greatly promotes the diversification of architectural design. For example, tower residence and plate residence are combined into one to form tower structure residence.

32. Small apartment

Small apartment is a kind of apartment that is popular among young people in the residential market in recent years. Small huxing area is generally not more than 60 square meters. The popularity of small apartment is closely related to the lifestyle of young people now. Many young people become more and more independent after working, and welfare housing distribution is gradually cancelled. Therefore, it is a wise transitional choice to buy a small apartment when the economic ability is not strong and the family population is small. Not only has the housing problem been solved temporarily, but the bonus can also preserve and increase the value, laying a good foundation for buying more ideal housing in the future. However, when buying a small apartment, we should pay attention to the fact that "the sparrow is small and complete" and the functional layout should be reasonable. How to create a comfortable space in a small area is the key to buying a small apartment. In addition, in a whole building (especially the tower), many small-sized houses are mostly located in the north and corner of the building, with poor lighting and ventilation, and close to the elevator room, which is easily disturbed. Pay attention to these problems when buying.

33. Super apartment

The definition of super-small apartment is: the use area of the suite is about 15 square meters to 30 square meters, but indoors, "the sparrow is small and complete", and the bedroom, living room, kitchen and bathroom are all available. Because the apartment is too small, only one bed and basic furniture can be put. Some don't have kitchens and balconies, and some kitchens are just decorations. The owner just rests indoors, more like an empty family hotel.

34. Youth housing

A new type of residence that meets the needs of young couples. Adapt to the personality characteristics and behavior patterns of young people. Although the area is not large, it has complete functions and flexible space division. The overall layout should consider kindergartens, commercial and sports, cultural and entertainment facilities. .

35. Two generations of houses

Two-generation residence refers to two sets of adjacent and independent houses. Each house has living facilities such as bedrooms, kitchens and bathrooms, independent doors, but indoor portals.

The emergence of "two-generation residence" has adapted to the housing demand of the aging population in China. This kind of residence not only takes into account the differences in living habits and hobbies between the elderly and young people. , but also retains the relative privacy and appropriate distance, while taking into account the convenience of taking care of the lives of the elderly nearby.

36. Residential buildings for the elderly

This is a house specially designed for the elderly. The main target is the elderly who are not taken care of by the younger generation.

Residential units for the elderly should be equipped with activity rooms and other spaces, and the overall layout should be close to service facilities such as infirmary, neighborhood committees and neighborhood green spaces, which can better adapt to the life characteristics and needs of the elderly and increase the opportunities for exchanges between the elderly and their neighbors.

37. Commercial and residential buildings

Commercial and residential housing is an extension of SOHO (home office) housing concept. It belongs to the residence, and at the same time, it integrates many hardware facilities of the office building, especially its powerful network function, so that it can engage in business activities while living. Commercial and residential dual-use rooms are suitable for small companies and people who rely on the Internet for social activities.

38. serviced apartments

Hotel-style apartment means that the structure of the building is similar to that of a hotel, and the property management company is responsible for providing hotel-style services, such as room cleaning and laundry. The bedroom is fully furnished and equipped with kitchen equipment. Generally speaking, it is "hotel-style service and apartment-style management", which integrates the high-standard service of star-rated hotels into daily life. Property buyers have unit property rights and can live, rent or resell. It is a comprehensive property that not only provides hotel professional services, but also has the privacy and lifestyle of private apartments.

Compared with property hotels, single apartments and business apartments, serviced apartments have both similarities and differences:

(1) Property Right Serviced Apartment

Property-style hotels originated in the United States in the 1970s, mainly distributed in tourist attractions with pleasant climate. Simply put, a property hotel is the right to use tourist facilities bought out by consumers or individual investors at a specific time. The hotel divides each room into independent property rights and sells them to investors. Investors generally don't live in hotels, but entrust rooms to hotel management to get a return on investment. At the same time, you can get the right to stay free after a certain period of time given by the hotel. It is a commercial form integrating real estate, hotels and tourism. Hotel-style apartments are large and small, with many bedrooms and complete living facilities such as indoor toilets. Hotel-style apartment adopts hotel-style management to provide residents with a home of a star-rated hotel, but the charge is cheaper than that of a hotel.

(2) Single apartments and serviced apartments

The consumers of single apartments are young people with high income and quality of life. Therefore, from the decoration standard to the property configuration, it is much simpler than the serviced apartment. At the same time, the area of single apartment is small, generally less than 50 square meters, in order to reduce the total price and meet the purchasing needs of young people. The consumers of serviced apartments are senior white-collar workers, managers and presidents, and the property is managed by star-rated hotels or property companies with hotel background.

(3) Business apartments and serviced apartments

Business apartments pay attention to business, and the building structure adopts large bay, with different sizes, and most of them are sold in the form of blanks, which is convenient for later transformation in combination with office needs. STUDIO and SOHO business apartments that have appeared in the market, although finely decorated and partly equipped with a small amount of furniture, are more suitable for office work as a whole. Supporting service organizations are also mostly office projects such as mailing and printing. The public facilities of hotel-style apartments are similar to those of hotels, but they are only the service organizations of hotels, and they also provide family supporting facilities such as banks, clubs and supermarkets.

39. Split-level residence

Split-level residence mainly means that a house is not on one level, that is, the hall, bedroom, bathroom, kitchen and balcony in the room are on several different levels. The difference between split-level houses and duplex houses is that although both houses are on different floors, the floors of duplex houses are often higher, while those of split-level houses are lower. People standing on the first floor can see the second floor. In addition, the two floors of the compound are often vertically projected, and the upper and lower areas are the same; However, the two (or three) floors of staggered type are not vertically overlapped, but staggered with each other in the form of unequal height.

4 1. Low-rent housing

Low-rent housing refers to ordinary housing with relatively low rent provided by the government and units to the lowest-income families with permanent residence in cities and towns. Low-rent housing mainly includes: retired original public housing, existing public housing and low-rent housing invested and purchased by the government and units. In principle, the rent standard is determined with reference to two factors: maintenance fee and management fee, and will be appropriately raised with the improvement of the income level of the lowest-income families in the future. The Ministry of Construction's Measures for the Administration of Urban Low-rent Housing has specific provisions on the lease, management and return of low-rent housing.

42. Affordable housing

Affordable housing is an ordinary housing for low-income families. Mainly embodies the principles of applicability, economy, beauty, safety, hygiene and convenience; The layout should meet the requirements of urban planning; Use functions to meet the basic needs of residents; Construction standards should meet the standards of residential construction and be determined in combination with market demand.

At present, there are three kinds of affordable housing: the first is affordable housing provided by the government with special land and built through unified development and centralized organization; Second, some ordinary residential projects planned by real estate development enterprises for commercial housing development will be sold to the society as affordable housing at high speed; The third type is self-built and co-built affordable housing, which is only sold to employees of this unit.

Public housing

Public housing refers to the housing invested or purchased by the state and units and owned by the state or units. From the management point of view, it can be divided into two types: direct management of public houses (directly managed by the government real estate management department) and self-management of public houses (managed by various property units). Housing allocated by units to urban residents generally belongs to public housing. Legal tenants with permanent residence in cities and towns may apply to the current housing property unit for the purchase of rented public housing according to regulations.

44. Second-hand houses

Second-hand houses usually refer to houses that are bought and sold again. Newly completed commercial housing, affordable housing and self-built housing purchased by individuals will be listed and traded again after completing the property right certificate. These houses are called second-hand houses.

45. fund-raising institute

Raising funds to build a house, that is, raising funds to build a cooperative house, refers to changing the housing construction system in which the state and units turn the key, the state, units and individuals are jointly responsible for raising funds through multiple channels, and the government or units organize housing construction or residents spontaneously organize housing construction to solve the housing difficulties of employees.

1 15. How to distinguish a banlou from a tower?

You can distinguish between a tower and a slab building from the floor plan of the building. The floor plan of the tower is characterized by multiple households on one floor, generally more than four or five households, and the length and width of the floor plan are roughly the same. The height of such buildings is generally between 12 and 35 floors. Generally, there are 4 households in one tower to 12 households in one tower. On the plan of the banlou, the length is obviously greater than the width. There are two kinds of banlou, one is a corridor, and households are connected by a corridor; The second is unit splicing, in which several units are connected together to form a slab building. In fact, when we buy a house, it is easy to distinguish between a tower and a banlou. Simply put, the tower is taller and more square; Banlou is shorter and longer.