Outline of four classic novels

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was chaos in the world, and there were disputes among heroes. Wei, Shu and Wu were stubborn one after another and staged a long historical drama that must be combined for a long time. This book is a historical novel based on this historical background.

The Yellow Scarf Uprising broke out at the end of Han Dynasty. In the process of suppressing the uprising, a group of independent and powerful people who supported their army appeared, and they fought again for their own interests. After the death of Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty, the young emperor Liu Jian succeeded to the throne, the imperial concubine He Jin took power, and the eunuch killed He Jin. Yuan Shao got up to kill eunuchs, and was defeated by Dong Zhuo, who abolished Liu Bian and set up Xian Di and Liu Xie. Stuart Wang Yun cleverly used a series of tricks to alienate Dong Zhuo and Lu Bu's father and son with the story of Diusim, and then joined forces with various strongmen to kill Dong Zhuo. Wang Yun was killed by Dong Zhuo's Ministry-Li Jue and Guo Si. Then, in the town of 17, he scuffled with other princes. In the end, three powerful forces were formed: Cao Cao in the north "held the emperor to make the princes", successively annihilated Yuan, Yuan Shu and other forces, unified the Yellow River basin and occupied the Central Plains; Liu Bei's initial migration was uncertain until he visited the cottage. With the help of Zhuge Liang, he formulated a correct and effective strategic policy, that is, under the banner of "Imperial Palace" and "Recovering the Han Palace", and taking "uniting with Wu to resist Cao" as the basic policy. Finally, after Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao was forced to return to the north and occupied Yizhou and Jingzhou. Gradually develop and grow; Since Sun Jian, Sun Shi has gained a firm foothold in Jiangdong, with 8 1 county and 6 counties in Jiangdong, and its strength is increasing day by day until Sun Quan.

Since then, the Three Kingdoms War has been launched at different levels. First, when Guan Yu and Cao Bing were fighting, Sun Quan sent troops to attack Jingzhou. Guan Yu defeated Maicheng and died at the hands of Sun Quan. Soon, Cao Cao died of illness, and his son Cao Pi abandoned Han and became "Wei". Liu Bei followed the Han Dynasty and established Shu Han. In order to avenge Guan Yu, Liu Bei personally went to Jiangdong. As a result, he went deep alone and was defeated by Lu Xun. Liu Bei died in Baidicheng, leaving Zhuge Liang alone. Later, Sun Quan established the State of Wu.

After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Chan, the young master, to support the crisis alone. In the meantime, Zhuge Liang insisted on the basic strategy of uniting Wu against Cao, and stabilized the rear after capturing Meng Huo seven times. Six consecutive attacks on Wei ended in failure. Zhuge Liang also died from overwork in the army. After his death, Jiang Wei succeeded to the throne and cut the Central Plains nine times, which also failed. The late ruler Liu Chan lost his job and became corrupt, and the national strength of Shu Han became weaker and weaker.

The Water Margin?

With its excellent artistic description, The Water Margin reveals some essence of the occurrence, development and failure of peasant uprising in feudal society of China. The social significance of Water Margin firstly lies in profoundly exposing the darkness and decay of feudal society and the evil of the ruling class, indicating that the root cause of peasant uprising is "officials forcing the people to rebel". At the beginning of work, Gao Qiu, the black sheep who has always been rejected by people, was attracted by Duan Wang who played football. Later, Duan Wang became emperor (Hui Zong), and Gao Qiu was promoted to Qiu, the palace master. The emperor was just a floating dude who could run away. His cronies include Cai Jing, Tong Guan and Yang Jian, forming a supreme ruling group. Cai and higher people take their relatives and friends as their henchmen, such as Cai Jiu, Murong and He Taishou. Below them are some corrupt officials and local tyrants, who collude with each other from top to bottom to stifle loyalty, oppress goodness and carry out people's actions. "Water Margin" tells the story of Gao Qiu persecuting Wang Jin when exposing the crimes of these corrupt officials, local tyrants and bullies, because Wang Jin's father knocked over Gao Qiu with a stick in his early years, and Gao Qiu retaliated against the officials on the first day of his appointment, punishing Wang Jin for no reason, causing Wang Jin to escape overnight under the service of his mother. The author also wrote that Gao Qiu tried every means to murder Lin Chong in order to let his son occupy his wife. As one of the representatives of the ruling group, Gao Qiu embodies the vicious and insidious power characteristics and the ugly and decadent nature of the feudal ruling class. In addition, "Water Margin" also wrote all kinds of evil deeds of landlords and bullies, such as Zheng Tu's occupation of Jin Cuilian, Ximen Qing's killing of Wu Da, Taigong's collusion with the government to frame Orion Jie Zhen, and Jiebao.

The book Water Margin can be divided into two parts. In the first half, heroes from all walks of life gathered in the mountains to fight against the government and were supported. The second half consists of five parts: collecting Liao, Ping, Ping Wangqing, Ping Wax and ending. Among them, tian hu and Wang Qing joined later, and the earlier Baihui seen today is the square wax that appeared after Liao Dynasty. However, some researchers believe that it may also be a supplement to Liao Zheng, because, firstly, Liao Zheng is different from the peaceful Fang La in Zhao 'an, and there is no trace in history. Secondly, peace, the Qing army in Rainbow, in Liangshan, central Liaoning, recruited one hundred single eight people, and none of them died. This view is still controversial. In terms of ideological content, the first half of Water Margin is that people oppose the government, reflecting class contradictions, while the second half is that loyal ministers oppose ministers, reflecting the contradiction between loyal ministers within the ruling class. The author writes that Song Jiang's acceptance of peace shows serious ideological limitations, but it also embodies national patriotism. Lu Xun said: "Accepting peace was the thought of the late Song Dynasty and the early Yuan Dynasty, because at that time, social unrest, officers and men suppressed civilians, peaceful people among the people endured, and those who were not peaceful separated and stole ... But when soldiers came in and could not resist, the people wanted to use it better than officers and men because they hated foreigners. This statement is well founded. The age when the story of the Water Margin spread was the age when ethnic contradictions were sharp. In the second half of the Water Margin, it was written that Song Jiang and others were hugged, which was related to this background. The appearance of Liao Dynasty is the continuation and development of this thought. As for loyal ministers, it is also related to this idea. At the end of the novel, it is written that "the historian has two poems mourning the death of the Tang Dynasty", and Song Jiang and other Liangshan figures, among which, it is said: "There is no need to seek the original, but to talk about loyalty and goodness. The author of Water Margin described Song Jiang as a loyal minister. In the eighty-fifth time, Ouyang, assistant minister of Liao country, recruited Song Jiang, and Wu Yong offered a plan to Song Jiang: to be rich, surrender to Liao country; Be loyal and serve the Song Dynasty. Song Jiang said, "We should serve our country faithfully until death do us part. "The' loyalty to the country' here is actually the national position under specific historical conditions.

After Song Jiang surrendered, the hero of Water Margin has been excluded, attacked and framed by the ministers, and finally Song Jiang and others were killed by the ministers. Such a tragic ending is also of positive significance for exposing the sins of the rulers and warning the popular people.