How to explain the whole poem "Long River sets the yen"?

Long rivers make yen. The whole poem explains:

I'm going to visit the border, and I'm going to Juyan, which is far away in the northwest frontier.

Like a grass drifting with the wind, wild geese belonging to the north are flying in the sky.

Lonely smoke rises to the sky in the vast desert, and the sunset is round by the Yellow River.

When I arrived at Xiaoguan, I met the reconnaissance cavalry and learned that the commander-in-chief was still at the front.

Source of works

From "Ambassador to the Great Wall", it is a travel note written by the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei on his way to the frontier to express his condolences to the soldiers. This paper describes the ambassador's trip to the Great Wall and the scenery outside the Great Wall he saw during his trip. The first two sentences explain the purpose and place of this trip and why you wrote this poem; Zhuan Xu's two sentences contain multiple meanings, and the feeling of borrowing grass to write down; The two sentences of the neck couplet describe the magnificent scene of the frontier desert, with a vast realm and magnificent weather. Two sentences in the tail couplet falsely write that the war has been won, showing admiration for DuHu. This poem not only reflects the frontier life, but also expresses the feelings of loneliness, loneliness and sadness caused by the exclusion of the poet, as well as the generous and tragic feelings caused by the emotion being edified, purified and sublimated in the majestic scenery of the desert, showing an open-minded feeling.

original work

Plug (1)

I want to ask the side (2) when riding a bike, and it is a country (3) that has lived for a long time.

Zheng Peng went out (4) and returned to Yan Hu Tian (5).

The lonely smoke in the desert is straight [6], and the long river falls in yen [7].

Xiao Guan rides a horse (8) every time and is guarded by Ran Yan (9).

Sentence annotation

(1) sent to frontier fortress: ordered to be sent to frontier fortress. Dispatch: Send a special envoy.

(2) Bicycle: one car, few vehicles, which is easy to describe here. Ask the frontier fortress: visiting the frontier fortress is to express condolences to the officers and men guarding the frontier.

(3) Attribution country: There are several explanations: one refers to the ethnic minorities who are attached to the Han court and retain their country names. There were some governors in the Han and Tang Dynasties. The second refers to the official name. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was an official named Cai Guo, who was awarded by Su Wu after he returned to Han Dynasty. The vassal state, which is the abbreviation of the strategic state, was called the official in charge of foreign affairs in the Han Dynasty, and was sometimes called the border envoy in the Tang Dynasty. Here, the poet uses it to refer to his status as an envoy. Juyan: Place name, called Juyanze in Han Dynasty and Juyanhai in Tang Dynasty, located in the northern border of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia. There was Juyan County in Zhangye County in the Western Han Dynasty (see Geography of Hanshu), so the old city is in the southeast of Ejina Banner today. In addition, in the secretariat of Liangzhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhangye Juyan was a vassal state, and its jurisdiction was in Juyanze area. This sentence generally says that Wang Wei passed by Juyan. However, Wang Wei's task does not actually need to go through Juyan. Therefore, Feng's "Selected Poems and Songs of China in Past Dynasties" thinks that this sentence was written in the Tang Dynasty, "The frontier fortress is vast, and the vassal States are all outside Juyan".

(4) Peng Qian: The withered Peng who flies away with the wind is the metaphor of the poet here.

5. Returning to the wild goose: The wild goose is a migratory bird that flies north in spring and south in autumn. This refers to the geese flying north. Hu Tian: Hu Ren's territory. This refers to the north occupied by Tang Jun.

[6] Desert: Great desert, here refers to the desert north of Liangzhou. Solitary smoke: Zhao Diancheng's note has two solutions: First, Yun Gu burned wolf dung during the border warning. "The smoke is straight and gathered, although the wind blows away." The second cloud is a whirlwind beyond the Great Wall, "curling smoke and sand". According to later generations' field visits to Gansu and Xinjiang, there are indeed cyclones, such as "solitary smoke going straight up". Also: solitary smoke may also be a safety fire used in border defense in Tang Dynasty. "Tongdian" Volume XXI Yakumo: "And at dusk, peace and fire will not come." Hu Sansheng's Note: "Six Classics": When Tang Zhen waited for the wind, the rate was thirty miles away. On the first night of every day, a torch is lit, which is called the fire of safety. "

(7) Long river: namely the Yellow River; One refers to an inland river that flows through the desert north of Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu). This river was called Macheng River in Tang Dynasty, and it is suspected that it is Shiyang River today.

Xiaoguan: It was called Guguan in ancient times, also known as Longshan Pass, located in the southeast of Guyuan City, Ningxia. Standby: cavalry in charge of reconnaissance and communication. Wang Wei went to Hexi without going through Xiao Guan. Here he probably used the meaning of He Xun's poem "Waiting to ride out of Xiao Guan and pursue troops to Mayi", which is not true. Waiting for the bus: one is "waiting for the official".

(9) Duhu: There were six capitals in the northwest frontier of Tang Dynasty, such as Anxi and Anbei. Their main officials are called Duhu, and each government sends a guard and two deputies to take charge of all the affairs in this area. This refers to the former enemy commander in chief. Ran Yan: As the name implies, it is in today's Mongolian Khan Mountain. This represents the front line. Biography of Dou Xian in the Later Han Dynasty: Xian led the army to defeat Khan. "Later, I climbed Mount Yanran, climbed more than 3,000 miles, carved stones and made meritorious deeds, studied under Han Wade, and wrote an inscription for Ban Gu." When I met a waiting rider on the road, I learned that the coach was still at the front line after breaking the enemy.

Vernacular translation

I want to go to the border crossing by bike, and the country I pass by has passed my residence.

Thousands of miles of cornices also floated out of Sai Han, and the geese heading north soared in the sky.

Solitary smoke goes straight to the vast desert, and the sunset on the endless Yellow River is round.

When you meet detective knight in Xiaoguan, tell me that Duhu is already in Yanran.

Creation background

In the 24th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (736), Tubo sent troops to attack Little Bolu in the Tang Dynasty (in present-day north Kashmir). In the spring of the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737), Cui, our envoy from Hexi, defeated the Tubo army in the west. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty appointed Wang Weifeng Liangzhou as the censor, went out to the fortress to comfort himself and inspect the military situation, and served as our ambassador in Hexi, which actually pushed Wang Wei out of the court. This poem was written on the way to the fortress.

works appreciation

"Make it in the Shanzhai" is contained in The Whole Tang Poetry 126. This poem depicts the difficult situation of the frontier fortress and expresses the author's sadness and loneliness of wandering around the world.

"I want to ask over there by bike", so I took a light bus. The place I went to was: "I am a country that has lived for a long time." Juyan is now in the northwest of Zhangye County, Gansu Province, far from the northwest frontier.

The poet compares himself to "Peng" and "Yan", saying that he came out of the floating "grass" and entered the "Hutian" like a "wild goose" flapping its wings to the north. In ancient poetry, flying over the eaves and walking over the wall is often used as a metaphor for a wandering wanderer, but here it is a metaphor for a minister with a court mission, who is secretly writing the poet's inner anger and depression. It echoes the "bicycle" in the first sentence. The trip to Wan Li took only ten words.

Then it describes the typical scenery in the desert: "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen."

The last two sentences are written to arrive at the frontier fortress: "Small clearance to ride, all protection in Yanran." When I arrived at the frontier fortress, I didn't see the general. The scouts told the special envoy that the general was at the front.

The poet focused his pen and ink on what he was best at winning-writing landscapes. The author's mission takes place in spring. On the way, I saw a few lines of returning geese to the north. The poet made a metaphor on the spot, and compared himself with returning geese, which was both narrative and scenery-writing, which was natural and appropriate. In particular, the link of "lonely smoke in the desert, long river setting the yen" describes the strange and magnificent scenery outside the Great Wall after entering the frontier fortress. The picture is open and the artistic conception is magnificent, which is called "the wonders of the ages" by Wang Guowei. The frontier desert is boundless, so the word "big" of "desert" is used. The frontier fortress is desolate and wonders. The smoke lit by the beacon tower is particularly eye-catching, so it is called "solitary smoke". A word "solitary" describes the monotony of the landscape, and a word "straight" behind it also shows its strength and perseverance. There are no mountains and trees in the desert, and the Yellow River flowing through it cannot express the poet's feelings unless a word "long" is used. Sunset, originally easy to give people a sentimental impression, uses the word "round" here, but it gives people a feeling of warmth and boundless. The word "circle" and "straight" not only accurately describes the desert scene, but also shows the author's deep affection. The poet skillfully blends his loneliness into the description of the vast natural scenery. A passage from the forty-eighth poem in A Dream of Red Mansions can be regarded as the superb artistic realm of these two poems.

Famous comments

Qu Fu commented on this poem in The Formation of Tang Poetry: "The first four poems are far-reaching, so there are three words" Guo ","Chu "and" Jin ". There was no one in May or June, so I used the words' solitary smoke',' sunset',' straight' and' round' to double my panic before I found seven or eight. "

Xu Zeng's "On Poems of Er 'an Tang Dynasty" commented on this poem: "The combination of' desert' and' long river' is unique throughout the ages. "

Wang Shizhen commented on this poem in Samadhi Collection of Tang Xian: "The word" straight "and the word" round "are extremely harmonious and natural. Later generations all talk about the method of refining words, not also; It's not true that you don't talk about refined words. "

Xiang Lingkou, a character in Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions, commented on the poem like this: "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen." How straight do you want to smoke? The sun is naturally round. The word' straight' seems unreasonable, and the word' round' seems too vulgar. You have to look for two more words of these two, but you can't find two words. ""the benefits of poetry are unspeakable, but it is vivid when you want to go; It seems unreasonable, and it is reasonable to want to go. "

Zhao Diancheng commented on this poem's neck couplet in Wang Youcheng's Notes: "Only when you see its scenery with your own eyes will you know the beauty of the word' straight'."

Wang Guowei spoke highly of this poem's couplets: "The bright moon shines on the snow", "The river flows day and night", "The bright moon hangs in the sky" and "The Yellow River gathers yen", which can be described as a wonder of the ages. In terms of words, Nalan Rong Ruo's works, such as "Night Lights with Thousand Accounts" in Sauvignon Blanc and "Drunk Houses with Ten Thousand Accounts" in Dream Preface, are similar. "

Brief introduction of the author

Wang Wei, a poet in Tang Dynasty. The word stroke. His father was originally from Qi (now Shanxi) and later moved to Yongji West, Shanxi, becoming a Hedong native. Kaiyuan (year number of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, 713-741) was a scholar. Tired officials give things. An Lushan rebels were hired when they were trapped in Chang 'an. After the chaos, they were demoted to Prince Zhongyun. After the official to ministers right cheng, so also known as Wang Youcheng. In his later years, he lived in Wangchuan, Lantian, and lived an honest and secluded life. Poetry is as famous as Meng Haoran and is called "Wang Meng". In the early stage, I wrote some frontier poems, but the most important one was landscape poems, which promoted hermit life and Buddhism through the description of pastoral landscapes. Exquisite objects, vivid descriptions and unique achievements. He is also proficient in music, painting and calligraphy. This is Wang Youcheng.