Historical records of Shaoxing ancient bridge

There are many books containing ancient bridges in Shaoxing local chronicles in Qing Dynasty, such as Qianlong's Shaoxing Annals, Kangxi's Huiji County Annals, Jiaqing's Shanyin County Annals, and Shangyu, Shengxian, Xinchang and Zhuji counties in Qing Dynasty.

The bridges listed in Jiatai's Huijizhi exist in the records of Qing Dynasty: Guangning Bridge, Longhua Bridge, Bazi Bridge, Dongshuang Bridge, Jiangqiao Bridge, Xiaojiang Bridge, Fanfan Bridge, Fuqiao Bridge, Mafang Bridge, Lianhe Bridge, Xuanqiao Bridge, Oblique Bridge, Long Bridge, Nanyan Bridge, Dayun Bridge, Tongshi Bridge, Qingdao Bridge and Guanqiao. Sliding Bridge, Carp Bridge, Jinlin Bridge, Jiaofang Bridge, Cangqiao Bridge, Jiuwu Bridge, Cheshui Bridge, Tazi Bridge, Xiangqiao, Yujisi Bridge, Xiansuan Bridge (Xianhuan Bridge), Ougeng Bridge, Cao Mao Bridge, Anning Bridge, Zhangdou Bridge, Caozi Bridge, Pingshui Bridge, Huangtietou Bridge, Jiujie Bridge, Tongtai Bridge. Lingbi Bridge, Yong 'an Bridge, Mashan Bridge, Gaobu Bridge, Dongcheng Bridge, Fenghuang Bridge, Fusheng Bridge, Jiuling Tongtai Bridge, Tietiao Bridge, Yunmen Bridge, Mahayana Bridge, Shi Qi Zhongxing Bridge, Wangxian Bridge, Dongting Bridge, Third Bridge, Qian Qiu Bridge, Ou Ma Bridge, Daling Bridge, Xiaoling Bridge, Gaocheng Bridge and Baling Bridge. Huangcheng West Bridge, Lake Crossing Bridge, Dupu Bridge, LULU Bridge, Shi Mei Bridge, Xing 'an Bridge, Fifth Bridge, Ke Qiao, Gao Qiao, Ruanshe Bridge, Taiping Bridge, Meilin Bridge, Yuzhi Bridge, Banqiao Bridge, Xingyi Bridge, Zhaojiamiao Bridge, Tongli Bridge, Guiqiao Bridge, Qianqing Bridge, Xijiang Bridge, Jishan Bridge and Xihu Lake Crossing Bridge. Xuanqiao (Dengxian Bridge), Fan Jiang Eryan Bridge (Wan 'an Bridge), Wenying Bridge (above Shaoxing City and Keqiao District), Xiegong Bridge, New Guan Qiao, Shang He Bridge, Qiaopu Bridge, Wangxian Bridge (above Shengxian County), Yijinqiao (built in Tang Tianbao), Yi Hui Bridge (Huangbaishan Bridge and Lianggong Bridge), Oak Bridge and Fenggong Bridge. Other ancient bridges recorded in the Records of Huiji County of Kangxi include: Songling Taining Bridge, Chang 'an Suspension Bridge, Chang 'an Third Street Bridge, Jianhu Monk Bridge, Jianhu Third Bridge, Yunmen Xiansheng Temple Yuji Bridge, yunmen temple Stone Bridge, Yunmen Guangxiao Temple Bridge, Tang Jiangjun Temple Bridge and Luohan Bridge of Confucius Temple. In Qing Dynasty, there was Liugen Temple Bridge in Shengzhou, next to Xialiugen Temple, which was a stone arch bridge.

The road map of Shaoxing Fucheng drawn in the winter of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty includes 136 ancient bridges with marked bridge names and 40 bridges without marked bridge names, totaling 176. With today's Jiefang Road as the marking line, the ancient bridges distributed from north to south along the line are: Dajiang Bridge, Xiaojiang Bridge, Li Ji Bridge, Shuicheng Bridge, Dashan Bridge, Rihui Bridge, Xishuang Bridge, Xianxi Bridge, Qingdao Bridge, Yinqiao Bridge, Tongshi Bridge, Zhuyuan Bridge, Jixian Bridge, Huilan Bridge Bridge, Five Blessingg Bridge, Xianhuan Bridge, Dayun Bridge, Daqing Bridge and Shi Jing Bridge. The original channel of Xinhe Lane runs along the east-west direction: Fulu Bridge, Wan 'an Bridge and Xiegong Bridge. The east-west ancient bridges along the Shenzhi Road are: Cao Mao Bridge, Nengren Bridge, Xingwen Bridge, Guangxiang Bridge, Beihai Bridge, Yancang Bridge, Baxian Bridge, Xiguo Suspension Bridge, Yingen Bridge, Huilong Bridge, Hongqiao Bridge and Xiatou Bridge. The original channel of Shengli West Road is connected with the boundary river in the city. The ancient bridges on this river are Shuicheng Bridge, Cang Qiao Bridge, Damu Bridge, Carp Bridge, Jinlin Bridge and Yuelong Bridge from east to west. At present, the ancient bridges along Xiaoshan Street, Jishan Street and West Street are: Xieqiao, Zhongzheng Bridge, Tanhua Bridge, Xiangqiao, Tifan Bridge, Xianning Bridge, Wang Mian Bridge, Biqiao and Luosi Bridge. At present, the ancient bridges on the west side of Zhongxing North Road include Chang 'an Bridge, Mahua Bridge and Anning Bridge. There are Xiandong Bridge, Ruian Bridge, Maoer Bridge, Chang 'an Bridge, Guangning Bridge, Longhua Bridge and Dusimen Bridge along the straight street of Guangning Bridge. The ancient bridges along Dongfeng Road include: Qingdao Bridge, Lu Sheng Bridge, Narcissus Bridge, Shilao Bridge, Jiujie Bridge, Fude Bridge, Dongshuang Bridge, Xing 'an Bridge, Wuyun Bridge, Dengyun Bridge and Wangchun Bridge. The ancient bridges along the straight street of Bazi Bridge are: Champion Bridge, Xiaobaoyou Bridge, Tiger Bridge and Bazi Bridge. There are along Renmin Road; Mawu Bridge, Tangjia Bridge, Yingsan Banqiao, Juyuan Bridge, Longmen Bridge, Spinning Bridge, Guanyin Bridge and Huiyuan Bridge. There are Xianhuan Bridge, Tazi Bridge, Xibanqiao Bridge, Anding Bridge, Camus Bridge, No.4 Guanqiao, Jindou Bridge and Backstreet Bridge along Xianhuan River. Along Lu Xun Road; Daguan Bridge, Duting Bridge, Zhangma Bridge, Lupen Bridge, Yongfu Bridge, Chunbo Bridge, Mulian Bridge, Mengjia Bridge, Huiri Bridge, Yanqing Bridge and Sun Bridge. There are Mafang Bridge, Lianhe Bridge, Yangpen Bridge, Wang Lang Bridge, Xinqiao Bridge, Qiao Liu Bridge, Tianmen Bridge and Taiping Bridge along Yan 'an Road. Along Toumiao River Road are: Wen Hui Bridge, Yang Peng Bridge, Luomen Bridge and Jishanmen Bridge. From Cang Qiao to the south, the ancient bridges on Fuhe River are: Zhu Bao Bridge, Pontoon Fengyi Bridge, (Ole Bridge), Jiuwu Bridge, Ping Zhang Qiao, Zhangjia Bridge, Lion Bridge, Huangyi Bridge and Baiwang Bridge. There are lianhua bridge, Da Lang Bridge, Xiao Lang Bridge, Majia Bridge and Liangqing Bridge along Pianmenzhi Street. On Hechangtang Road, there are: Chengtian Bridge and Danone Rensi Bridge. In the present city square, there used to be: Banqiao and Solitaire Bridge. There are four pine bridges between the Ninth Five-Year Bridge and Huilan Bridge. Tiejiaying has Yingqiao and Wuxun Bridge. There is a third Chang 'an Bridge outside Chang 'an Gate.

There are 33 ancient bridges in the Records of Water Conservancy in Zhuji County, Kangxi, Qing Dynasty. There are 304 ancient bridges in the Landscape Records of Zhuji County. There are 29 ancient bridges in the Records of Xinchang County in Guangxu of Qing Dynasty. In Shaoxing Annals of Wanli Ming Dynasty, all the bridges listed in Huiji Annals of Jiatai existed, and some of them were renamed: the front bridge of Kaiyuan Temple was renamed as Fangkou Bridge. In addition, the newly-built bridges include: Pingzhang Bridge, Chengtian Bridge, Mulian Bridge, Land Bridge, Yangpen Bridge, Qiao Liu, Yongfu Bridge, Desheng Bridge, Mahua Bridge, Baoyou Bridge, Chang 'an Bridge, Xiaoyi Bridge, Narcissus Bridge, Yuhua Bridge, Xingfu Bridge, Jindou Bridge, Zhongzheng Bridge, Tanhua Bridge, Shiliao Bridge, Heshan Bridge and Dahong Bridge. If the bridge in Jiatai Huiji is not recorded in Wanli Shaoxing Records, it is recorded in Qing Shi Lu. This shows that the Wanli Chronicle may be omitted and the name of the bridge may be changed. What is not recorded in Shaoxing Wanli annals are: Shuijing Bridge, Zhuyuan Bridge, Doumen Bridge, Chen Xin Bridge, Wangcheng Bridge, Cheshui Bridge, Tazi Bridge, Yuantong Temple Bridge, Jiabao Bridge, Caozi Bridge, Feng Jia Bridge, Tower Bridge, Dahongqiao Bridge, Dayi Bridge and Lianghu Bridge. Most of the bridges listed in Jiatai's Huiji still exist in the Ming Dynasty. Many ancient bridges in Wanli Shaozhou Mansion Records existed in the Song Dynasty, but there may be some omissions in Jiatai Huiji Records, such as Wuqiao Bridge and Lvxia Bridge.

Ming Chenghua's Xinchang County Records contains 20 ancient bridges. The ancient bridge 10 in Ye Jing Guiliu written by Zhuji County Magistrate Liu Guangfu in Ming Dynasty: Shang 'an Bridge, Qian Qiu Bridge (rebuilt by 1603), Yi Hui Bridge (1600), Taiping Bridge (built by 1600), Lake-crossing Bridge and Rome Bridge. The development level of bronze and iron in Shaoxing is the leading in the country in history. The stone carving of Qin Wangshan by Qin Shihuang shows that Shaoxing's stone processing technology was quite superb at that time. It is reasonable to build Zhong Shiqiao from the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin and Han Dynasties. Unfortunately, it is difficult to find written records of bridges before the Song Dynasty today.

Among the extant Selected Works, Hui Ji Lu by Song Jiatai is the first to record the bridges around the Song Dynasty in detail. Records in the chronicle record the bridge that existed at that time, which was built before and during the Song Dynasty. From this book, we can get the historical data of the bridge from the Han Dynasty to the Jiatai period in the Song Dynasty.

Yanmen Bridge: Jianhu Lake was built in Ma Su in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Building a bucket gate, weir and sluice on the lake embankment to control the water flow is not only a water conservancy facility, but also a bridge facility. So it's called Yanmen Bridge. The weir bridges recorded in Jia Tai Hui Ji Zhi are: Cao E, Dong Guo, Tao Jia, Du Si, Mao Yang, Fan Jiang, Zhengping, Wang Jia, Wei Gongpu, Du Pu, Dong Jia, Yanpu, Guashan, Mibai, Yan Jia, Kuli, Xindai, Xia Jia, Peng Jia, Shiyan and Nanyan. The above weir bridges are all on Jianhu Dragon Embankment. Shangyu County has two lakes weir, Tongming North weir and Tongming South weir. The gate bridges recorded in the book are: Guashanmen, Shaoweimen, Caoemen and Yushanmen. Shangyu has Xiagaihu Sluice, Chencang Sluice, Henghe Sluice, Xiaorong Sluice, Xixi Sluice, Meng Jia Sluice, Qinghefang Sluice and Tong Ming Sluice. The Doumen Bridge recorded in this chronicle includes Shan Hao Doumen, Cao E Doumen, Sanjiang Doumen, Zhu Chu Doumen, Xinjing Doumen, Guangling Doumen, Keshan Doumen, Dongshan Doumen and Qili Doumen. There are three bridges on Jianhu levee, which span Jianhu and connect Dong Jian Lake and Xijian Lake. These three bridges are portal bridges.

Many bridges recorded in Jiatai Huiji were extended to the Qing Dynasty. Old bridges that have been rebuilt but still use their old names are: Fu Bridge, Duting Bridge, Xieqiao, Jiangqiao, Liyu Bridge, Cang Qiao, Jiuwu Bridge, Xiangqiao Bridge, Beihai Bridge, Jiabao Bridge, Gaocheng Bridge, Lake-crossing Bridge, Lanting Bridge, Jishan Bridge, Qianqing Bridge, Qiao Feng Bridge and Ganxi Bridge. Among them, the archway of the pontoon bridge is the original work of the Song Dynasty. Most of the ancient bridges recorded in this chronicle no longer exist. Such as Tongtai Bridge, Fuxi Bridge, Jiazi Bridge, Jishang Bridge, Mafang Bridge, Tam Bridge, Wu Bo Bridge, Zhongli Bridge, Zhuyuan Bridge, Shuijing Bridge, Dragon Bridge, Kaiyuan Bridge, Luoxing Bridge, Ciyun Bridge, Yuexian Bridge, Panshiqiao Bridge, Jichuan Bridge, Wangxing Bridge, Wu Jie Bridge, Robbie Bridge and Dafu Bridge. Doumen Bridge, Chen Xin Bridge, Wangcheng Bridge, Jiaochang Bridge, Wan 'an Bridge, Dashan Bridge, Cheshui Bridge, lianhua bridge Bridge, Leng Qing Bridge, Zhangjia Bridge, Hidden Bridge, Tazi Bridge, Mawu Bridge, Da Lang Bridge, Lime Bridge, Slide Bridge, Huangling Bridge, Tong Yuan Bridge, Gujia Bridge, Ouzhi Bridge and Jiuzi Bridge. Yunmen Bridge, Hanxi Bridge, Daling Bridge, Xiaoling Bridge, Mashan Bridge, Lianghu Bridge, Shi Qi Zhongxing Bridge, Dongting Bridge, Qian Qiu Bridge, Ou Ma Bridge, Ruanjiashi Bridge, Sun Jia Bridge, Shixinqiao, Ding Qiao, Shang He Bridge, Doujia Bridge, Shouning Bridge, Fenghuang Bridge, Erxiang Bridge, Zhili Bridge, Guandu Bridge and Dupu Bridge. Many of these ancient bridges have been relocated and transformed into modern bridges.

There are still 36 ancient bridges recorded in the minutes of Jiatai meeting (including the minutes of the resumed meeting in Baoqing). It can be divided into two situations. First, the Song Dynasty has not been rebuilt or rebuilt, the original bridge is well preserved, and there are ancient bridges supported by stone carvings. Such as the splayed bridge in downtown Shaoxing. The words "Shibao Youbingchen in the dead of winter, auspicious day reconstruction" are engraved on the bridge column. It shows that this bridge must have been built before Bao You (1256) in Song Dynasty. This bridge has not been rebuilt since the reign of Bao You in the Song Dynasty. It is the most conservative understanding to call it Song Baoyou Bridge. Zhao Zhouqiao was built in the Sui Dynasty and rebuilt in the following dynasties, but it is still the Sui Bridge. Unfortunately, the figure of eight bridge is unknown. Second, the ancient bridges recorded in historical books have been rebuilt in past dynasties. Some are recorded, some are not, and 27 ancient bridges are still in prototype. There are: Guangxiang Bridge, Guangning Bridge, Zhu Bao Bridge, Baiwang Bridge, Xiaojiang Bridge, Dongshuangqiao, Tifan Bridge, Daqing Bridge, Longxing Bridge, Xiegong Bridge, Zhu Bao Bridge (Huozhu Bridge), Jinlin Bridge, Wanghua Bridge, Yi Huang Bridge (Huangni Bridge), Xiaohongqiao, Jingming Bridge, Wanghua Bridge and Guaxian Bridge. In Keqiao District of Shaoxing City, there are: Xihu Bridge, Ke Qiao, Ruanshe Bridge, Xuanqiao, Gao Qiao, Hongqiao and Guangxi Bridge. In Shengzhou, there are: Monk Bridge, New Guan Qiao and Wangxian Bridge. In Shangyu District of Shaoxing City, there are: Dengci Bridge and Mengzhai Bridge. In Xinchang County, there are: Sima Regret Bridge. Third, three ancient bridge structures have been preserved.

The ancient bridges recorded in Jiatai Huijizhi are recorded in later records, and most of them do not explain whether they have been rebuilt or not. The records in the annals of past dynasties are all important bridges to show the achievements of those in power. At present, it is impossible to determine the age of bridge construction by the record of the last bridge repair. At present, it is very conservative to locate the bridge age according to the last bridge maintenance record. An objective expression is to call these ancient bridges the existing ancient bridges contained in Jiatai Huiji. In fact, most of these ancient bridges existed in the Tang Dynasty. Some of them existed before the Tang Dynasty. It is necessary to study the age of these ancient bridges in Shaoxing.

The ancient bridges added in Baoqing's Resume Record are: Shangyu Chunbo Bridge and Five Blessingg New Bridge. The poem "only look at the water in front of the lake, the spring breeze does not change the old waves" in He Chronicle tells the origin of the name of Chunbo Bridge. Buji Yuyao Kexing Bridge was "turned into a stone rainbow" in the tenth year of Xichun in the Song Dynasty, indicating that Yuyao Kexing Bridge was turned into a stone arch bridge in the Southern Song Dynasty. The new Five Blessingg Bridge in Shangyu shows that Five Blessingg Bridge has been transformed into Five Blessingg Bridge. Baoqing's Record of Continued Meeting cited Huichang in the Tang Dynasty to rebuild this bridge for three years, which shows that this bridge existed in the Tang Dynasty. Continued Records added that the complex bridge was transformed from a brick arch bridge to a stone arch bridge, and added that lianhua bridge, which is similar to the complex bridge, was also transformed from a brick arch bridge to a stone arch bridge.