What kind of person is Xu Zhimo?

First of all, he is a talented and romantic poet.

This is recognized.

Secondly, he is an irresponsible person to his family. It is unforgivable to divorce your wife for so-called love.

This is my personal opinion.

Besides, he was born in a bad business. Struggle for love all my life.

I married Lu Xiaoman through hardships, but I couldn't regard him as a life-important love in my trivial marriage.

Besides, he died young.

People are dead. In fact, none of us are qualified to judge what kind of person he is. Xu Zhimo, a talented poet, is like a powerful and unconstrained style; The active literary world, but ten years, has left many magnificent fruits that can never be erased; This poet, with a particularly warm temperament, is attracted, condensed and condensed by him everywhere, like a big magnet. He died in a plane crash at the top of the southern foot of Mount Tai in the 20th year of the Republic of China 165438+ 10, at the age of 36.

When the bad news of the poet came out, the whole country shook. It goes without saying that all his friends are crying, such as bereavement; In other words, those who have only seen a little poet's works and have never seen him are too relieved to cry. It is rare that a person's death can cause such a great reaction. Although it is not as common and long-lasting as the mourning for Mr. Hu Shizhi in 5 1, we have a sad mood in our hearts, as if regretting that a wonderful flower in full bloom was suddenly destroyed by the storm, and a bright pearl suddenly sank into the blue sea and never saw you again.

I remember that shortly after I was hired by National Wuhan University, my friend Professor Yuan and the poet were friends for many years and wrote a eulogy, which was extremely sad. I also wrote an article in which Shelley, Byron and Keats were used to compare this talented poet. Another foreign poet said that the poet Xu Zhimo was as brilliant as the sky when he was alive, and his death was like spring thunder on the ground.

However, I am no thicker than the poet Yuan. I don't know Shi Zhe very well. When he was alive, I only saw him twice and never talked to him. During the period of the Republic of China 14, I made friends with Yuan in Shanghai, and occasionally met some friends I made while studying in Britain. I remember once, those students studying in Britain gave a banquet in an upscale hotel, and there was a poet Xu Zhimo in the seat. Lanzi asked me to pay a visit. That night, I got to know the true face of the poet I have admired for a long time. His appearance is probably very similar to that described by Mr. Liang Shiqiu; Tall figure, long face, high and wide forehead, fair skin, big nose and slightly wide mouth, but they are very harmonious together. Those big bright eyes seem to be covered with a hazy light fog, always with a vague and trance-like look. This is the poet's eyes. Although the poet lives in this world, his soul lives later than the dreamland or gorgeous world we never know, so that's it.

The poet is endowed with extremely high literary talent, and with such an introverted appearance, I wonder how many girls fall in love with him and regard him as the highest standard of mate selection. I remember that Ms. Chen Jianwu, a female normal university classmate, thinks highly of herself and the marriage conditions are very harsh. Her friend who hit the wall for her often said angrily to her, "Do you think it is necessary for a man like Xu Zhimo to be satisfied?" However, there is only one Xu Zhimo, but countless girls love him. Besides, I heard that he has a lover now. I think you have to die as a maid in the future. Don't regret it then. This is the period of the Republic of China 13. I was still in Lyon, France, and Jianwu came to France to study. He told me himself that we laughed for a long time in the eleventh and second years of the Republic of China. Tagore, an Indian poet, gave a speech in China, and he acted as an interpreter. He appeared all over the country and was very popular. At that time, although he had divorced the former Zhang Youyi, he had not started to pursue Lu Xiaoman, or although he had pursued it, his appearance had not been exposed, so the handsome guy in this new poetry circle became a "popular lover" in the world of girls in Peiping. Reading Liang Shiqiu's Talk about Xu Zhimo, a lady in Zhimo's personal letter to Shi Qiu has a crush on the poet, leaving almost the soul of a beautiful woman. The poet thanked her and said, "Your wife is vain and affectionate, which makes you have a wife." You can also see how powerful his magic was at that time.

The second time I met the poet was in a girls' middle school in Suzhou. The headmaster, Ms. Chen Shu, has a close relationship with Zhimo and invited him to give a speech at the school. At that time, I was teaching at Soochow University in Suzhou, and I was also a Jinghai female teacher. President Chen invited me to listen in advance. I remember that the weather was extremely cold that day. The poet wore a gray silk cotton robe, a dark gray coat and wide-brimmed glasses, and was graceful. It is said that the poet's speech habit is to read aloud in public with his speech under his arm. Ordinary people can't speak, but they just follow the script, but the poet says that they are imitating the way of Oxford University. What was the theme of his speech that day? After many years, I can't remember it now, and it is beyond the scope of literature. When a poet reads a speech, he has a special tone, which seems to be a piece of music with a very beautiful melody. Hey? Xing pin poke Yan? Hi? "Forgive"?

I remember that Mr. Hu Shizhi was also very good at speaking. According to himself, he really worked hard for it. I think Xu Zhimo has probably tried his best to understand the principle of singing, otherwise he would not have performed so well. In recent years, I have also participated in several literary workshops or poetry readings, all of which must be held at night. Halfway through, the light suddenly turned off, the whole room was dark, and then a faint candlelight was lit. When the writer recited, he had to play the piano from time to time, and several girls were singing. When the screenwriter performs in a passionate place, he rubs his hands and feet from time to time and frequently wipes his tears with a towel. I heard that this is called "the whole of art". In fact, if the speaker's eloquence is really good, there is no need to play these many tricks.

Mo Chi divorced the former Zhang Youyi and married his married wife Lu Xiaoman, which is very common today, but it was unusual during the fifteen or sixteen years of the Republic of China. The older generation hates them, and young people may not agree with them. I heard that when Zhimo and Xiaoman held their wedding in Beiping, their teacher, Mr. Liang Qichao, was invited to marry them, but the teacher gave them a severe lesson in front of everyone. After taking office, he wrote to his daughter-in-law. His beloved disciple Xu Zhimo was still out of pity and goodwill, but Xiaoman was regarded as a "disaster" and a "witch". You see, he said, "I think he (Zhimo) found such a person as a partner, fearing that he would suffer more in the future, so he gave that person (Xiaoman) a punch on the head to avoid killing Zhimo in the future." He also said that he loves Zhimo and is afraid that he will be killed, so he should give him a hand. Ren Gong also said that Xiaoman's divorce and remarriage were "extremely immoral". (See the first long draft of Chronicle of Liang Rengong)

Later, Xu Zhimo died in a plane crash at the top of the mountain near Mount Tai. Everyone felt sorry and blamed it on Lu Xiaoman. According to all the legends I have heard, Xiaoman was originally a rich girl. After marrying her first husband, Wang Geng, Xiaoman was a famous social butterfly in Beiping, spending money like water. After marrying Zhimo, in order to feel dizzy, I was advised to smoke several tubes of opium and even fainted every time. After a little recovery, she was addicted for a long time. And dancing, drinking, singing, going in and out of big companies to buy things, still don't know how to save money. In memory of this beautiful wife, Zhimo not only taught at Shanghai Guanghua University, but also wrote poems and translated western classics. It is said that he also got around 1,000 yuan in January. (See Liang Shiqiu's article about LULU about Zhimo, published by the supplement of United Daily News. ) At that time, 1000 yuan was more than three times the monthly income of three university professors. When I bought rice, the price of rice was not bad at that time, but it was only more than six yuan a load, 1000 yuan could buy 1560 load, so I think this figure may be uncertain. But if their family spends more than four or five hundred yuan a month, it is not easy to afford it. Mr. Hu Shi's article "Mourning for Zhimo" once said that Zhimo's life in recent years was a failure he admitted. He also said that he had a poem "Life", which compared life to a cold, sticky, dark and narrow tunnel formed by the internal organs of a poisonous snake. After you fall into it, there is no way out except to struggle and grope for progress. The mood at that time was as "dark and terrible" as Mr. Hu said.

When Mr. Zhi Shi left Shanghai to be the dean of the School of Literature of Peking University, he advised Zhi Mo to go to Peking University to do some homework for a change of air, which did not help his economy at the same time. Zhimo got his salary at the end of the month and just sent it to his home in Shanghai. Because my friend works in an airline, I gave him a long-term free ticket, but it cost him his precious life. If it weren't for his family's fatigue, he wouldn't have run from north to south, and from north to south, there wouldn't have been the disaster of that plane. His family is so tired because of Lu Xiaoman's profligacy. Fortunately, Mr. Liang Baigong has been back to the mountain for a long time. Otherwise, wouldn't the old man feel "unfortunate"? I met Lu Xiaoman once. It was thirty-eight years of the Republic of China, when the war burned near Wuhan, and I took refuge in Shanghai. Zhao Qingge, a woman writer, introduced me to Xiao Man. At that time, she lived in Weng Wurui's home. After Shima's death, Xiaoman was homeless and lived according to Wu Rui's statement. I don't know if Weng Wurui has a wife and children. In short, it is inevitable that Xiaoman will live in his house and live together. Xiaoman has been ill for many years, and we are also on the sickbed. I remember her face was blue and white, her hair was unkempt, all her teeth fell out, and she didn't put on another pair. Her gums are also dark, which shows that she is deeply addicted to drugs. However, although the sick face is so haggard, the charm of the old days still exists, vaguely. It greeted us gently and politely. Weng Wurui stood in front of her couch and asked her for tea and water frequently, but it was also like a spoony seed. It is said that Wu Rui is a noble family with a rich collection of antiques, famous paintings and calligraphy and painting. Selling it is money. At the same time, I also do some black market business, which can afford Xiaoman's medicated diet and pay the heavy tax of Furong for her.

In 37 years, Zhao Qingge compiled Untitled Collection, which collected articles of contemporary women writers, five or six years earlier than the collection of Haiyan compiled by Ms. Zhang Shuhan. Untitled Collection received a ridiculous fantasy from me during the Anti-Japanese War (now included in Gui Hong Collection published by Changliu Society). I also received Xiaoman's novel "Royal Hotel", with about 20,000 words. At that time, the general criticism was "exquisite description and novel skills". I also felt very good after reading it and felt that this person was quite talented. A graceful and beautiful young woman like Lu Xiaoman, who knows both English and French, can perform Kunqu Opera on stage and draw some landscapes and flowers. She can be said to be a versatile beauty, how can she teach people not to love? It is imperative and reasonable to love and destroy the barriers of China customs and ethics. This is also excusable.

Xiaoman later published Ai Xiao Mei Za, which I saw after I went to Taiwan Province Province. Among them are love letters from Shima and Xiaoman. Xiaoman's writing style, although it doesn't seem to have many roots in old literature, is beautiful, natural and unique. Although she lives with Weng Wurui, she is still infatuated with Zhimo. When Qingge and I visited her, we saw a photo of Zhang Zhimo on her desk with a small bottle of flowers in front. She is bent on publishing a complete work for Zhimo, and many bookstores are willing to publish it for her. However, there are still a large number of unpublished works and diaries in Zhimo trapped in the hands of someone. In any case, they refused to return them, so that the release of the complete works became a painting cake. In recent years, I heard that Xiaoman also died in Shanghai, and the printing of the complete works is of course far away.

Now, with the efforts of Zhimo's cousin Mr. Jiang Fuquan and his old friend Mr. Liang Shiqiu, the Complete Works of Zhimo will soon be published in Biography Literature Society, which is really great news in the literary and art circles. But I don't know if those documents that were held in my hand have been returned to Puzhu. If not, it is still a pity. I don't know why Zhimo's works fall into other people's hands. Why can people refuse to pay back? If those works are still there, they will be published in the future, and even the people who compiled the Complete Works of Zhimo will make a "legacy". I'm afraid most of the poems written by Li Changji, a generation of ghosts, in the "Fairy Wandering Initiative" will be thrown into the toilet by people who hate him. That's disappointing, what a pity!

Now let's talk about Zhimo's works. Zhimo's first poetry collection, Zhimo Poetry Collection, was published in the summer of 14 in the Republic of China. I have just returned to China from Lyon. I read the newspaper and saw that this book was published by Zhonghua Book Company. I wrote to buy a book, which is a publication in the form of a China book. Dark blue cover and back cover, silk thread binding, white paper floating sign that says "poetry of Zhimo", presumably from Zhimo's hand. The inner page is made of fine historical paper, and the printing is imitation of the Song Dynasty, which is simple and elegant and very lovely. When I was in France, I often borrowed domestic new literature books from my classmates, and there were also supplements in the morning paper. Some of Zhimo's poems, such as Cambridge, which I know, have been read overseas for a long time, and it is certainly gratifying to read all his works now. It's a pity that this book of poems was lent out soon, but it was lost under the pretext of apology when it was found back. 17, this book was published by Fu Bookstore, and changed into a costume book, in which many poems were deleted. I still miss the old version. Later, he published several poems, such as Night in Kethleen, Tiger Collection and Wandering, which I have already purchased. When the school entered Sichuan during the Anti-Japanese War, many books could not be taken away, so they had to be stored somewhere. Eight years later, they were sent back to the original place, and several boxes were full of termites. Of course, there are no words in Zhimo's anthology.

"Xu Zhimo laid the foundation of new poetry. The speaker is a good friend of Zhimo, but this sentence is often revealed by the opposition. Of course, these opponents are all so-called leftist literati, so the original heartfelt praise turned into malicious ridicule. What they mean is: Hum, a poet like Xu Zhimo had no place in the poetic world, but now he says that he has laid the foundation of the poetic world. Isn't this the greatest record in the world? But if we put aside any prejudice and look back on Zhimo's contribution to the new poetry world, we will admit that this statement is not an excessive compliment.

Hu Shizhi, Xie Bingxin and Guo Moruo are the experimenters of new poetry after the May 4th Movement, and they are outstanding representatives. Teacher Hu is a "but not a teacher" person. His collection of poems is called "Attempt", which is nothing more than trying to open a way for new poetry and guide people into the garden. He doesn't want to be the master of the garden. Besides, poetry is a thing, and "emotion" and "fantasy" are the only elements. A cool-headed and over-developed philosopher like Mr. Hu is not qualified to be a poet. In India, Bing Xin was deeply influenced by Tagore. Two poems, Spring Water and Stars, are philosophically integrated into the poems, with clear and lovely syntax. No wonder it was all the rage after publication, but she can only write short poems of more than ten words, and thousands of them are integrated, and the road is too narrow. Guo Moruo's Goddess imitates the western world in a sense, not only using western words, but also full of foreign words and paper kites, which are neither donkey nor horse. Moreover, most of his poems are free poems, pretending to be heroic, but in fact they are too rough. As for those poets below the second rate, such as Yu Pingbo, Kang, Wang Jingzhi, Cheng, Wang, etc., they have made great efforts in poetry creation, but they have not made any remarkable achievements. Until the Republic of China 1 1, 2 years later, Xu Zhimo returned from England and published Farewell to Cambridge and Ai Schumann Feier. His majestic momentum, luxurious imagination, graceful artistic conception and gorgeous rhetoric not only overshadowed ordinary poetry at that time, but also made his genre look brand-new. Unlike the pattern of "Attempt Collection" that does not break away from the old poetic style, and unlike the plagiarism of Whitman (Whitman 18 19- 1892, an American poet who advocates freedom) in "Goddess", he rashly broke and refused to listen. Of course, this will cause everyone's surprise and produce. It is not bad to say that "Xu Zhimo laid the foundation of new poetry".

The genre of Zhimo's poems changes rapidly. A poem he published today is in one format, another tomorrow and another the day after tomorrow. You can't imitate him if you want, so I once joked that others walk on two feet, but he flies with wings. According to his friend Chen Xiying, he made a systematic statistics on his first collection of poems, Zhi Mo Shi, including prose poems, prose poems, blank poems, parallel rhymes, odd and even rhymes and chapters. The so-called "parallel rhyme" and "odd rhyme" here are the rhymes of western poems, which are different from the antithesis of China's old poems. )

Zhimo later became the pillar of the Crescent Poetry School. Although he used to write some prose poems and free poems, he later advocated that new poems should be organized. Everyone laughed that it was dried bean curd, so he named it "Fang Shi". He also said that new poetry is being liberated from the old style of poetry with strict rules and regulations, and now he is talking about rules and regulations, isn't he adding shackles and handcuffs to himself? The crescent school replied, "We are about to dance in chains.

Dancing with shackles and being able to dance well shows the poet's ability.

I also like Zhimo's prose very much. The first collection of essays, Autopsy, contains many good articles that people can never get tired of reading. I also owned leaves, roulette wheels and Paris scales, but unfortunately, like those poems by Zhimo, I fed the hateful blind worms!

Zhimo is an expert in writing prose. I once said: the attitude of writing new poems begins with listening more, and the attitude of writing prose begins with Xu Zhimo. In the preface of Roulette Collection, Shima said, "I dare say that I really want to write an article as an article." He also proposed that western essayists such as G. Moore; The works of Hudson and others say: "This is the article, and the article should be written like this, with perfect words and perfect artistic conception. Gao Yichen defined poetry as "the best poem", but that kind of prose is not "the best poem". They made prose an independent art. They are magicians. In their pen, there is not a word that is not alive. They can turn ancient Chinese characters into fresh, vulgar and rigid. " This can be said to be a self-praise from Zhimo.

It is said that Zhimo's only drama collection, Bian Kungang, was co-authored with Lu Xiaoman. It is said that although the structure of the whole drama was written by Zhimo, the outline of the story was written by Xiaoman, and the nationalization of the dialogue was also attributed to Xiaoman, so this drama is equal to the product of their cooperation. According to Yu Shangyuan's criticism, this play is full of Italian drama. He said: "From modern Italian drama, we can see the close relationship between poetry and drama. We can see that they can appreciate the mystery of life and announce it like a flame ... The author is consciously or unconsciously afraid of the influence of "dead city" and "mirage" ... In fact, Zhimo is basically a poet, which can be seen everywhere in Bian Kungang.

However, I admit that I am incompetent in drama. I really don't appreciate the play Bian Kungang. The reason is that poets should not put poems in rough crowds everywhere. For example, the protagonist in the play, Bian Kungang, is a stonemason and Lao Zhou is a blind fortune teller. What they said was so poetic and profound that even senior intellectuals couldn't tell it. Isn't it unnatural that only a poet like Shima himself can do it?

The poet died in a catastrophe at the age of 36, which was a great loss for the literary and art circles. But unfortunately, he died early, because people's regret and mourning for him will deepen. I read an article entitled "Die Young" the day before yesterday. Poets who died young, such as Shelley and Byron, will always be a young shadow in people's memory, and the feeling of mourning is naturally different from those who lost their teeth. I think this statement makes sense. Besides, "good things in the world are not firm, colorful clouds are easy to disperse, and glass is fragile." It is difficult for a talented poet to stay in this world of mortals for a long time. He let that flash shine on people's hearts forever. I remember the poet once wrote such a poem:

I am a cloud in the sky, occasionally projecting on your heart-you don't have to be surprised,

There is no need to be happy,

It disappeared in an instant.

You and I meet in the dark sea, you have yours and I have my direction; You remember it well,

You'd better forget,

The light that shines on each other at this intersection!