Please cite five examples of "smart people do smart things" to illustrate a certain truth of creative thinking by narrative and discussion.

Scientists carry out logical thinking such as induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis in scientific understanding and creation, and at the same time run through non-logical thinking, that is, creative thinking, such as inspiration, intuition and imagination. These creative thinking set up a "ladder" for scientists to collect important scientific achievements.

Pythagoras, an ancient Greek philosopher and master of mathematics, once passed by a blacksmith's shop and was attracted by the rhythmic sound of striking the iron. So he stepped forward and unexpectedly found that the size, weight and severity of the hammer had a definite proportional relationship with the homophonic sound emitted by striking the iron. Thus Pythagoras realized that the harmony of music may be related to the proportion of mathematics.

There is a famous story that Newton happened to see an apple fall from a tree in Walsop's orchard, and an idea flashed through his mind: Why did the apple fall instead of flying into the sky? Since the apples are falling, why doesn't the moon fall? Newton got the concept of "universal gravitation" and then discovered the law of universal gravitation.

Kekule, a German chemist, outlined the structure of carbon chain when he dozed off on a coach. What is even more surprising is that one night in 1865, he was writing a textbook in Ghent's study, and unconsciously dozed off by the fire and fell asleep. In his dream, he saw carbon atoms flashing like firewood in the stove, dancing in front of his eyes, suddenly connecting, bending and coiling like a snake, biting his "tail" and twisting. Kekule woke up from a dream and spent the whole night sorting it out, so the hexagonal ring structure of benzene molecule was born. Kekule was inspired in his sleep, which led to scientific discovery and became a popular story in the history of science.

Russian chemist Mendeleev established the first periodic table of elements in February 1869. He found that the decisive concept of the periodic law of elements was completed in a very short time. On this day, Mendeleev was ready to leave for Petersburg. When he was carrying a box to get on the train, a genius idea suddenly came to his mind: the elements were arranged from small to large in atomic weight, which changed periodically. Before that, Mendeleev had studied the relationship between elements and their compounds from various aspects, which was always irrelevant. It's really hard to find a place to get it, and it doesn't take much effort to get it.

French mathematician Poincare also benefited from the flash of inspiration and intuition in his scientific creation. According to his own memory, one night, he broke the routine and accidentally drank coffee, so he couldn't sleep. Various ideas flooded into his mind and collided with each other. There are two related ideas. By the early morning of the next day, he finally found that there was a Fox function, which could be derived from hypergeometric series. Later, he took part in a geological survey trip. Traveling all the way made him forget all about mathematics. After he arrived in Costa Rica, he shared a bus with others. Just as his foot stepped on the pedal of the car, a new idea suddenly flooded into his mind: the definition transformation of fox function is the same as some transformations of non-Euclidean geometry.

/kloc-Schubert, an Austrian music genius in the 0 th and 9 th centuries, was walking with some friends in the suburbs of Vienna one day. On the way back, they walked into a small hotel and occasionally found a book of Shakespeare's poems on the table during the conversation. Schubert picked it up and read it. Suddenly, he shouted, "The melody is coming out! But what if there is no paper? " His friend immediately took the menu on the table and handed it to him. In an instant, inspiration for music gushed out. In less than 15 minutes, he wrote all the music of the famous poem "Listen, Listen, Lark".

1896, a French physicist, Bekele, discovered a new kind of ray different from X-ray-uranium ray, which was spontaneously produced without external stimulation. This phenomenon aroused Madame Curie's strong curiosity. After a series of experiments, she found that the radioactivity of uranium and the chemical composition of uranium compounds have nothing to do with light and temperature. So Madame Curie made a genius guess and judgment: first, radioactivity is not the nature of compound molecules, but the characteristics of atoms; Second, this kind of radiation is not only found in uranium, but also in other elements. Indeed, she soon discovered another radioactive element-thorium. 1in July, 898, in the continuous study of uranium asphalt mine, another radioactive element was discovered, which was named "polonium" to commemorate my motherland Poland. In the same year, in 65438+February, she discovered another radioactive phenomenon, and its radiation intensity was far greater than all radioactive elements previously discovered. At this time, Madame Curie intuitively judged that this was a new radioactive element. Madame Curie said in a letter to her sister bronia: "I can't explain that kind of radiation is produced by an unknown chemical element ... this element must exist, just find it!" ... I am sure that there is no problem with the experiment. " This shows that she trusts her intuition. This man, whom Einstein called "bold intuition", confirmed the existence of this element through research and named it "radium".

In the process of constructing the theory of relativity, Einstein made various "thought experiments" with creative thinking. For example, he did the thought experiment of "tracking the speed of light". He said: "If a person runs at the speed of light with light waves, then he is in a wave field that does not change with time. But it seems that there will be no such thing! This is the first simple thought experiment related to special relativity. The discovery of special relativity is by no means the achievement of logical thinking, although the final result is related to logical form. " According to Einstein himself, in the process of establishing the general theory of relativity, he did the following thought experiments: one day, he was sitting in a chair in the Bourne Patent Office, and it suddenly occurred to him that if a person fell freely, he would not feel his own weight. This simple thought experiment had a far-reaching influence on him and made him produce the theory of gravity. Einstein continued to think: if a falling person is accelerated, his feelings and judgments will occur in the accelerated frame of reference. He decided to extend the theory of relativity to the frame of reference with acceleration, thinking that it would be possible to solve the problem of gravity at the same time. A falling person can't feel his own weight, because there is a new gravitational field in his acceleration reference system, which cancels out the gravitational field of the earth ... From these thought experiments, we can see that Einstein has superb creative thinking ability, which has become the key factor for him to make many important scientific discoveries.

Although creative thinking often happens suddenly, it is not water without a source or a tree without a root. Creative thinking, such as inspiration, intuition and imagination. , is a combination of logical thinking and mathematical deduction to play a role, but also closely related to the rich knowledge and in-depth thinking of scientists who have made scientific discoveries. Without Pythagoras' study and worship of mathematics, it is almost impossible to find the correlation between the harmony of music and the proportion of mathematics. Kekule and Mendeleev will not be inspired if they do not have rich chemical knowledge as the basis and long-term exploration and thinking on their respective problems. Poincare pointed out: "The proposition of intuition comes from the concept of how refined experience is." Einstein also insisted that inspiration, intuition and imagination must be based on the understanding of experience.

Scientific innovation must be realized through creative thinking. Logical thinking can only be gradual, follow the law and be limited to the original knowledge framework. And creative thinking is to break through the barriers, break the fetters and open up new paths. There is this tension between logical thinking and creative thinking, which promotes the continuous progress of science.

According to the research results of physiology and psychology, the human brain is divided into two hemispheres, and there are about 20000 neural pathways connected in the middle. Usually, the two hemispheres have different division of labor, but they cooperate with each other. The left hemisphere mainly has the functions of speech, analysis, abstraction and arithmetic. The right hemisphere mainly has nonverbal, comprehensive, intuitive and concrete functions, such as recognizing geometric figures. The former is convergent causal thinking and the latter is divergent non-causal thinking. So inspiration, intuition and imagination are roughly the functions of the right hemisphere, and of course they also need the cooperation of the left hemisphere. Usually when scientists are thinking, the neurons in the left hemisphere are in a state of extreme tension, and then they are exhausted after excitement, while the neurons in the right hemisphere are in a state of artificial inhibition. But this stage is not meaningless. It stores the focus of this topic as an obvious memory factor and enters the subconscious stage. When scientists are in a natural, relaxed and free state, the divergent non-causal thinking of neurons in the right hemisphere just meets a good opportunity. Once stimulated, neurons in the right hemisphere are connected and move in parallel, just like electric sparks are generated and connected to circuits. The result is a sudden inspiration, a flash of intuition, and imagination, which makes the confused problem clear in an instant and finds a breakthrough to solve it. Ideas are like water that has burst its banks, and you can't get it back.