Common sense of literature

There are two sources of pre-Qin literature, realism and romanticism.

The Book of Songs is divided into 300 poems, which reflects the reality.

This technique is reminiscent of Fu Bixing's masterpieces "Storytelling" and "Cutting Tan".

Romanticism is Chu Ci, and Li Sao was written by Qu Yuan.

There are two schools of prose in the pre-Qin period, so we should remember all the "philosophers" and history books.

Confucianism, Mohism and Taoism belong to hundred schools of thought, and each has its own works handed down from generation to generation;

The Confucian Analects of Mencius,

Mohism's Mozi can be seen;

Laozi and Zhuangzi of Taoism are masterpieces of legalist Han Fei.

There are two styles of historical prose, which are divided into "country" and "chronological"

The former is Mandarin and Warring States Policy,

Post-Spring and Autumn Annals and Zuozhuan.

2. Literature of Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

In the Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the achievements of poetry were relatively high;

"Yuefu Shuangbi" (2) People praised,

Jian 'an literature gave birth to "Three Caos" (3);

The ancestor of pastoral is Tao Qian, and the legacy of "picking chrysanthemums" can be seen in moral integrity.

Historical Records is the first biographical style, which is called "Li Sao has no rhyme";

Ban Gu inherited Sima Yi (4) and the chronological innovation of Hanshu;

Jia's essay "On Qin" is full of momentum;

"Be a Teacher" is famous for later generations, and "Peach Blossom Garden" is enjoyable.

Ci and Fu are prevalent, and Zhang Heng's The Second Beijing seems to be near misses.

Literary criticism is also on the rise, and Wen Xin Diao Long is really superb.

Parallel prose pursues formal beauty, and the novel is still rough at first.

3. Literature of Tang Dynasty

The prosperous Tang Dynasty is as tired as a mountain, and the "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty" are extraordinary;

Wang Yang and Luo Lu wrote metrical poems and memorized all the metrical poems and quatrains.

The romantic poet pushed Li Bai and sang "Difficult Road to Shu" all the way.

Realism is Du Fu, while Three Officials and Three Partings are unusual.

Lotte advocates new Yuefu, and Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow are all famous.

Pastoral school has Wang Meng, Gao and Cen sing frontier poems.

In the middle Tang Dynasty, Li He "negotiated" with Duo and Jia Dao and passed them down from generation to generation.

The rise of "Little Du Li" in the late Tang Dynasty ⑤; Since then, it has settled like dust.

Liu Han's ancient prose is innovative, and Epang Palace Fu has been sung for thousands of years.

The legend of the Tang Dynasty has matured, and the representative work is Liu Yichuan.

4. Literature of Song Dynasty

There are a vast number of literary words in Song Dynasty, which can be divided into graceful and unconstrained.

Liu Guan and Li Qingzhao are romantic and affectionate.

Su Shi opened the bold school, and The River of No Return was full of high spirits.

Xin Qiji, a patriotic poet, is in high spirits.

Su San, Wang Zeng and Ouyang Xiu inherited Liu Han's writing.

Although Gong Fan's works are few, the story of Yueyang Tower shines brilliantly.

Lu Fangweng, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, still misses the idea of returning home in Shizi.

Who hasn't died since ancient times? Future generations cherish the memory of Wen Tianxiang.

General History Chronicle I, Zi Tongzhi Jane, Sima Guang.

Shen Kuo, the author of Meng Qian's pen talk, is very famous.

5. Yuan, Ming and Qing literature

There are two kinds of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty, poems and collections are different.

Zaju represents the four great masters, with Guan Hanqing as the first;

Dou E's tragedy has been passed down through the ages, and the characters are the most vivid.

The other three are Zheng Mabai, and The West Chamber has a good reputation.

There are many outstanding plays in Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as Peach Blossom Fan and Peony Pavilion.

Novels are all chapters and chapters, and The Four Classic Novels are the peak.

Scholars will never forget how popular Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is.

There is also a short story, which is made up of "Sanyan" Feng Menglong.

Fang Bao started Yao Nai, and his prose genre is called Tongcheng School.

Gong Zizhen, a famous poet in the late Qing Dynasty, advised God.

Note: ① There are 305 articles in The Book of Songs, and "300" is an integer. (2) Peacocks flying southeast and Mulan poems (3) refer to Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi. ④ Sima Qian ⑤ refers to Li Shangyin and Du Mu. ⑥ refers to Zheng Guangzu, Ma Zhiyuan and Bai Pu.

Common sense of foreign literature

1. UK:

Shakespeare's four tragedies (Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello and King Lear);

Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontexq;

Wuthering Heights by emily bronte

Hardy's Tess of the D 'Urbervilles;

Dickens' david copperfield and Old Antique Shop;

Defoe's Robinson Crusoe;

Shelley's ode to the west wind

Byron's Don Juan

2. France:

Moliere's hypocrite and miser.

Balzac's Grandet, Old Man Gao, Yi Bei, Uncle Bunce, etc. (More than 90 novels are collectively called "Human Comedy");

Red and black in Stendhal;

Madame Bovary by Flaubert;

Zola's small hotel;

Boule de suif, Necklace and bel ami in Mo Bosang.

Hugo Notre Dame de Paris, les Miserables, 93;

Dumas The Count of Monte Cristo and three musketeers;

Dumas La Traviata;

Dude's "The Last Lesson" and "Around Berlin";

John cleese Dover of romain rolland.

3. Russia and the former Soviet Union:

Pushkin's ode to freedom, dedicated to Cha Adayev and yevgeny onegin;

Lermontov's contemporary hero;

Turgenev's Hunter's Notes, Luo Ting, Noble House and Eve;

Dostoevsky's Bullied and Insulted, Crime and Punishment, Idiot and White Night;

Herzen's whose sin;

Aubrey Love of Goncharov;

Ostrovsky's Thunderstorm;

Chekhov's Death of a Little Civil Servant, The Chameleon, The Man in the Condom, The Sixth Ward,

Cherry orchard (script);

Nicholas Nikolai Gogol's dead soul and an imperial envoy (script);

Lev tolstoy's War and Peace, Anna karenin and Resurrection;

Gorky's autobiographical trilogy (Childhood, On Earth, My University) and Mother;

A Tolstoy trilogy "The Course of Suffering" (two sisters, 19 18, dark morning);

Ostrovsky's How Steel was Tempered.

Sholokhov's Silent Don River and Virgin Land;

Serafimovic's Liu Tie;

Furmanov's Day and Night;

Fadeev's "Destruction" and "Young Guards";

Makarenko's educational poems;

Mayakovski and Lenin (Poetry).

4. Germany:

Goethe's Faust (poetic drama) and Young Werther;

Schiller's plot and love;

Heine's "Germany, a winter fairy tale" (poem), the song of Silesia Weaver Girl (poem);

Grimm's fairy tale Cinderella.

5. United States:

Whitman's Leaves of Grass (poetry anthology);

O Henry's Cops and Hymns, The Last Leaf, The Gift of McHess;

Mark Twain, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn;

Martin Eden of Jack London;

Hemingway's old man and the sea.

6. Other countries;

A Doll's House by Ibsen, Norway (script);

Don Jihad by Cervantes of Spain;

Hungarian petofi's Freedom and Love (poem);

Reports under the gallows in Futcik, Czech Republic (reportage);

Italian Dante's Divine Comedy;

Homer's epics in ancient Greece (including Iliad Odyssey). );

Arabian Nights, an Arab folk story;

Tagore's "Chittaglia" (poetry collection);

Shagongdaro written by Indian Kali Dhara (handwriting);

Thousand Cranes and Snow Country by Yasunari Kawasaki of Japan

Common sense of literature

China Common Sense (1)

1. The first female poet was Cai Yan (Wen Xi).

The first poetess was Li Qingzhao.

3. The first dictionary is Erya.

The first encyclopedia was Yongle Dadian.

5. The first book of poetry is The Book of Songs.

6. The first anthology: Zhao Ming Anthology

7. The first dictionary: Explain Chinese characters by explaining them.

8. The first collection of myths: Shan Hai Jing

9. China's first collection of classical novels: Shi Shuo Xin Yu

10. The first collection of strange stories in classical Chinese, Search for Ji Shen.

1 1. The first bibliography: The Analects of Confucius

The First Biography: Historical Records

12. The first chronicle book is: Spring and Autumn Period.

13. The first dynastic history: Hanshu

14. The first art book: The Art of War by Sun Tzu

15. Part II Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Xiangru

16. Yuefu Shuangbi: Mulan word Peacock flies southeast, and chanting is the three wonders of Yuefu.

17. A mirror of historical records.

18. Erpai: the first moment of surprise, the second moment of surprise (Ling Mengchu)

19. Da Du Li: Li Bai Du Fu Xiao Du Li: Li Shangyin Du Mu

20. Gemini in China's modern literary world: Lu Xun and Guo Moruo.

2 1. Three Immortals: Lide made meritorious service.

22. Three generations: Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties

23. There are three biographies in Spring and Autumn Annals: the biography of Zuo Zhuan and the biography of Ram.

24. Three Kings: Yu Xia, Duke of Shang Tang.

25. Sanshan: Yingzhou, the abbot of Penglai.

26. Three religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism

27. Sangong: Zhou, Sima Situ//Western Han Prime Minister Qiu.

Qingming, Taishi, Taifu Taibao

28. Three Caos: Cao Cao and Cao Pizhi

29. Three elements of public security: Yuan Zhongdao, Yuan Hongdao and Yuan Zongdao.

30. Sangu Building in Jiangnan: Yueyang Building in Hunan, Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang and Wangtengting Pavilion in Nanchang.

3 1. Three Friends in Cold Year: Song

32. Sanfu: Zuo Fengyi, You Fufeng and Jing.

33. The three elements of scientific research: the first after having obtained the provincial examination, the first after winning the exam, the first in palace examination, and the first in the school (Huiyuan, champion).

34. the palace exam is three-fixed: the champion first explores flowers.

35. The three quintessences of China: Peking Opera, Chinese Medicine and Chinese Painting.

36. Three words: Yu Shiming's words of warning and awakening the world (Feng Menglong)

37. Confucian Classic Three Rites: The Book of Rites of Zhou Li and Yi Li.

38. Three officials: Xin 'an official, Shi Haoguan and Tongguan official.

39. Three Farewells: Don't get old and homeless when you get married.

40. Guo Moruo's "Goddess" trilogy-the rebirth of Guo Xiang Tang Di's "Flower of the Goddess"

4 1. Mao Dun's "Erosion" Trilogy: The Pursuit of Disillusionment and Shake

Rural trilogy: Spring Silkworm Harvest in Autumn and Remaining Winter

42. Ba Jin's trilogy of "Love": Thunderstorm

Riptide trilogy: Family Spring and Autumn

43. The first national history: Mandarin

44. The first album recording the words and deeds of counselors and military strategists: National Policy and Warring States Policy.

45. The first historical prose with the theme of personal words and deeds: Yan Zi Chun Qiu.

46. The first great patriotic poet: Qu Yuan

47. The first narrative poem: Peacock Flying Southeast (357 sentences, 1785 words).

48. The first monograph on literary criticism: Classic. Paper > > (Cao Pi)

49. The first pastoral poet: Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming

50. Liu Xie's first monograph on literary theory and criticism in the Southern and Northern Dynasties was Wen Xin Diao Long.

5 1. The first monograph on poetry theory and criticism: Zhong Rong's Poems in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

52. The first popular science book, notes on comprehensive academic works: Shen Kuo's "Notes on Meng Qian in Northern Song Dynasty".

53. The first diary travel notes: Xu Hongzu's Travel Notes of Xu Xiake in Ming Dynasty.

54. The first poetess, also known as "one pronoun Sect": Li Qingzhao.

China Common Sense (2)

1. China's first satirical novel: The Scholars.

2. The first translation of evolution in China: Huxley's theory of evolution translated by Yan Fu. He is a man who became an interpreter without knowing anything.

3. China's first collection of short stories in classical Chinese: Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.

4. The first short story in the history of China's new literature is Diary of a Madman.

The first writer who opened up the "fairy tale garden" was Ye Shengtao.

6. China's first romantic fairy tale: Journey to the West.

7. The first reportage work is: (Xia Yan) Bonded Labor.

8. The first writer in New China to win the title of "People's Artist": Lao She. His works are: Dragon Beard Ditch

9. The two outstanding schools in the pre-Qin period were Confucianism and Mohism.

10. The two representatives of Confucianism are: Kong Qiu and Mencius, who are regarded as the most holy and the second holy respectively.

1 1. During the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years of the Tang Dynasty, there appeared two schools of frontier fortress ci, represented by Gao Shi and Cen Can, and frontier fortress ci represented by Wang Wei and Meng Zi. The former was vigorous, while the latter was simple.

12. Song ci is often divided into two categories: bold and graceful. The former is represented by Su Shi and Xin Qiji, while the latter is represented by Liu Yong, Zhou Bangyan and Li Qingzhao.

13. Two banners held high by the May 4th New Culture Movement: opposing old ethics, advocating new morality, opposing old literature and advocating new literature.

14. Diaries of Two Madmen >> Authors: Nikolai Gogol of Russia and Lu Xun of China.

15. There are two great epics in world literature: Iliad Odyssey.

16. The three treasures of Buddhism are: Buddha (great knowledge and great sense), Dharma (the doctrine of Buddhism) and monk (the person who inherits or preaches the doctrine).

17. three obedience, four virtues and three obedience: unmarried from the father, married from the husband, and dead from the child.

Four virtues: women's virtue, women's words, women's looks and women's merits//virtuous and polite women workers

18. The initial, intermediate and final voltages are collectively referred to as three volts. The third Geng day in summer is the first day of the first stay, the fourth Geng day is the first day of the intermediate stay, and the first Geng day after the autumn festival is the first day of the last stay. The first stay is ten days, the last stay is ten days, and the middle stay is ten days and twenty days.

19. Three cardinal guides and five permanent members: Three cardinal guides: the father is a subclass and the minister is a husband and wife.

The five permanent members: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith.

20. Third Grandma and Sixth Grandma: Third Grandma: a nun, a Taoist, and a nun.

Six women: matchmaker, teacher (witch), aunt, pious woman, medicine woman and midwife.

2 1. Three Emperors and Five Emperors: Huang San: Fuxi Suiren Shennong

Five Emperors: The Yellow Emperor locks Di Ku Yao and Shun.

22. Three religions and nine streams: Three religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism

96: Confucianism, Taoism, Yin-Yang Law, Famous Mohism and Miscellaneous Farmers.

23. Three Mountains and Five Mountains: Sanxian Mountain in the East China Sea: Yingzhou, Penglai and Abbot;

Wuyue: Dongyue Taishan Nanyue Hengshan Xiyue Huashan Beiyue Hengshan Zhongyue Songshan

24. Three natures: cattle, sheep and pigs are sacrificed (too prison) (less prison without cattle)

25. Three unifications: The principle of drama creation formulated by European classical generalized drama theorists is: the same place, the same time and the same plot.

26. Samoan Buddhism: Stop worrying and focus on one situation. (one of the methods of practice)

27. Buddhist Sanzang: It is always said that the fundamental teachings are classics, the commandments are laws, and the teachings are explanations (monks who know Sanzang well are called Sanzang Masters).

28. Three provinces and six departments: three provinces: Zhongshu Province (decision-making), Xiamen Province (deliberation) and Shangshu Province (implementation)

Six-part series: Li Bing Palace in Li Hu.

29. Three Soviets: Jiangsu and Zhejiang armed forces: upper, middle and lower//left, middle and right//land, sea and air.

30. Sanwu: Huiji, Xing Wu, Wu Jun (Danyang) Three Kingdoms: Wei Shuwu

3 1. Sanqin: Wang Yong (west), Wang Sai (east), Quwang (northern Shaanxi)

32. Three Chu: Ling Gang-Wu Chu-Dongchu Pengcheng-Xichu

33. Three primary colors: red, green and blue

34. Three Graves and Five Codes: Three Graves: Fuxi Shennong Huangdi

Five yards: Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Gaoxin, Tang Yao and Yu Shun.

35. Three-body Stone Scripture: The Spring and Autumn Annals of Shangshu Zuo Zhuan/the ancient prose Biography of Han Li was written in three fonts.

China Common Sense (3)

1. Four classic books: The Analects of Confucius and The Doctrine of the Mean in Universities

2. Taiping Imperial Bookstore Yuan Gui Wen Yuan Hua Ying Quanyu.

3. Four Kings of Warring States: Meng Changjun of Qi, Ping Yuanjun of Zhao, Shen Jun of Chu and New Ling Jun of Wei.

4. Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty:, Yang Jiong, Lu,,.

5. Four great writers in Northern Song Dynasty: Wang Anshi, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and Huang Tingjian.

6. The four masters of Yuan Qu: Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Bai Pu and Zheng Guangzu.

7. Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, Wen Zhiming and zhou wenbin were the four great talents in the south of the Yangtze River in the Ming Dynasty.

8. Four Great Calligraphers in Northern Song Dynasty: Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang.

9. Four masters of regular script: Tang-Yan Zhenqing Liu Gongquan Ou Yangxun Yuan-Zhao Mengfu \ \ \

10. Four calligraphy styles: Zhen (Kai) seal.

1 1. Four Treasures of the Study: ink and wash rice paper inkstone.

12. Four major libraries in China: Wen Yuan Pavilion in Beijing, Wenshui Pavilion in Shenyang, Jinwen Pavilion in Chengde and Wen Lan Pavilion in Hangzhou.

13. Four Ancient Literati Arts (Literati's Elegant Taste): Qinqi Calligraphy and Painting

14. Four Gentlemen of Chinese Painting: Meiju

15. Shu Si Ku: Shi Jing subset.

16. Four brothers: Bo (Meng) Zhong Shuji

17. Wuhu: Xiongnu Xianbei Jieqiang

18. Wuhua: Jin Juhua —— selling flower girl kapok —— daffodils on the street —— hot flowers of singers in restaurants —— local cowflowers juggling —— some porters.

19. Eight doors: towel skin, fortune telling, fortune telling, selling medicine, hanging juggling, river lake drama, pingtan pingtan group, singing opera in the street, talking about paper platform and singing opera.

20. Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest: Ji Kang was born in Dan Tao, Xiangxiu, Ruan Xian, Wang Rong and Liu Ling.

2 1. Seven sons of Jian 'an: Kong Rong, Chen Lin, RoyceWong, Xu Qian, Ruan Yu, Angelababy and Liu Zhen.

22. Seven strategies (seven latitudes): sun, moon, Jin Mu, water, fire and earth.

23. Seven Heroes of the Warring States: Zhao Wei, Han Qi and Qin Chuyan.

24. Seven emotions: joy, anger, sorrow, fear, love and evil desire.

25. Seven ancient capitals: Beijing, Xi, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Anyang.

26. The Eight Immortals of Myth: Han Zhong Zuo Zhang He Xiangu Lan Caihe Han Xiangzi Cao Guojiu.

27. Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties: Han Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xunzhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong

28. Eight of the eighty years in Wen Qi: Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei Song, Jin Dynasty, Qi Liang and Sui Chen.

29. The four seasons and eight festivals refer to the spring equinox in beginning of spring, the long summer solstice, the autumn equinox in beginning of autumn and the winter solstice.

30. Bagua: In the Gankun earthquake, Kun, Kan, Li and Gen are the symbols of thunder, wind, water, fire and mountains.

3 1. Eight-part essay Eight-part essay: Starting from the beginning of the topic, starting from the intermediate shares and then bundling the shares.

32. Yangzhou Eight Strange Fingers; Wang Liyi Jin Nong Huang Shen Gao Xie

33. Kyushu refers to: Ji Yanjing Qing Yang Liang Yong Yu Xu.

34. Jiuzu refers to: great-great-grandfather's own children, great-grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

35. The nine chapters refer to: the mourning of cherishing the river, thinking about the beauty of Huai Sha, the past of cherishing oranges, and the mourning of returning to the air.

36. The Nine Songs refer to: Emperor Taiyi, Yun, Madam Xiang, Little Thinking, Fate, Hebo, and National Mourning.

37. Ten fingers; Jiuliujia novelist

38. The top ten poetesss in China history refer to Ban Jieyu (the ancestor of Ban Gu), Cai Yan, Zuo Fen (Zuo Si's sister), Su Hui, Xie Daowen, Bao (Bao Zhao's sister), Xue Tao, Li Qingzhao, Zhu and Qiu Jin.

39. China's top ten classical tragedies: the injustice of Zhao, the orphan of Zhao, the loyal seven, the green bell spectrum, the peach blossom fan, the autumn palace in Han Dynasty, the pipa, the memory, the Palace of Eternal Life and the Leifeng Pagoda.

40. China's top ten classic comedies: Saving the Wind and Dust, The Jade Hairpin, The West Chamber, Seeing the Money Slave, On the Wall, The Negative Scenery of jy in Li Kui, The Story of Youting, The Wolf in Zhongshan, The Kite Mistake, etc.

4 1. stem: methyl ethyl propyl butyl heptyl octyl non-undecyl

42. Ten famous dramas in China: White-haired Girl, Gui Wang and Li Xiangxiang, The Little Black Man's Wedding, Liu Hulan, Honghu Red Guards, Song of the Grassland, Xia Hong, Sanjie Liu, Red Coral and Jiang Jie.

43. Twelve branches: Ugly son didn't apply for going to sea in the afternoon.

44. Zodiac: mouse, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, chicken, dog and pig.

45. Twelve o'clock: At midnight, the rooster crows, the sun rises, the food is eaten at noon, and the sun sets at dusk.

46. Twelve methods: Huang Zhong, Lu Da, Tai Cong, Zhong Gu, Zhong Wan, Lin Bin, Zhong Yi, Nan Wan and Wu Ling.

47. Thirteen Classics: The Book of Changes, Shangshu, The Book of Songs, Zhou Li, Yi Li, Zuo Zhuan, The Book of Rites, The Biography of the Ram, Gu Liangzhuan, The Analects of Confucius, The Book of Filial Piety and Er Ya.

48. Tanabata refers to July 7th.

49. Ten of the heinous crimes refer to: rebellion, rebellion, disrespect, unfilial, injustice and civil strife.