When will the railways from Xinjiang to Tibet, Yunnan to Tibet and Sichuan to Tibet be completed respectively?

Tibet will build the vertical and horizontal layout of the new Tibet and Yunnan-Tibet railways.

Date: August 7, 2006 Author: Ma Haiyan Source: China News Agency.

In the next two decades, Tibet will build four railways from Lhasa to Shigatse, from Lhasa to Linzhi, from Shigatse to Zhangmu, and from Shigatse to Yadong Port, eventually forming a crisscross railway layout. This is the blueprint that Li Jincheng, the chief designer of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, described to reporters at Lhasa Railway Station today.

Since 1955, the No.1 Survey and Design Institute of the Ministry of Railways, where Li Jincheng is located, has undertaken three large-scale survey and design work of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, with strong strength. The Institute is also responsible for the railway planning in Xizang Autonomous Region.

It is planned to build the Lhasa-Shigatse railway in 20 10, with a total length of 248 kilometers, and the Lhasa-Linzhi railway is 4 15 kilometers. By 2020, the railway from Shigatse to Zhangmu Port will be completed, with a total length of 400 kilometers and the railway from Shigatse to Yadong Port will be 250 kilometers.

By then, four railway lines, namely Qinghai-Tibet, Sichuan-Tibet, Yunnan-Tibet and Xinjiang-Tibet, will enter Tibet, eventually forming a layout of "one vertical" (Qinghai-Tibet line) and "one horizontal" (Xinjiang-Tibet and Yunnan-Tibet line).

At present, the First Survey and Design Institute of the Ministry of Railways is carrying out early aerial surveying and mapping and exploration. Li Jincheng said that the four railway lines are still in the planning of the institute, and the specific implementation needs the approval of the Ministry of Railways.

Sichuan-Tibet Highway in sichuan-tibet railway is difficult to guarantee all-weather traffic, and the railway is even more difficult, and the geological conditions along it are also difficult to compliment. Moreover, the planned sichuan-tibet railway is to build the Yunnan-Tibet Railway along the Sichuan-Tibet Highway (south line), which means that it is only after the Yunnan-Tibet Railway is completed and put into operation that it is possible to start construction of sichuan-tibet railway. In addition, building several railways into Tibet at once is not worth the cost economically, politically and militarily. In terms of scientific and technological conditions, we should first ensure the construction and operation of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and start the Yunnan-Tibet Railway when conditions are ripe. As for the new Tibet, Sichuan Tibet and Gansu Tibet, we should first demonstrate, then survey and finally implement the construction step by step. However, among the five major railways (Qinghai-Tibet, Gansu-Tibet, Sichuan-Tibet, Yunnan-Tibet and Xinzang), the Qinghai-Tibet and Yunnan-Tibet lines should be started as soon as possible. Although the restrictions on railway transport investment in WTO provisions have been liberalized

Yunnan-Tibet Railway 1 In July, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic, and for a time, the snowy plateau became a hot spot in the world. Yunnan, which is adjacent to it, has been planning to build a steel artery with Tibet for many years and put it on the agenda. Once the Yunnan-Tibet Railway is completed and integrated with the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway and the Kunming Highway, a traffic artery consisting of roads, railways and aviation will appear in the southwest of China for the first time, and it will become the engine to promote the great development of domestic manufacturing industry.

The completion and opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has inspired countless people to enter Tibet. On July 1 day, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was officially opened to traffic. On the morning of July 2, the first organized train of Yunnan Qinghai-Tibet Railway left Kunming Railway Station.

Sun Yongfu, vice minister of the Ministry of Railways, said in an interview recently that China will build the Yunnan-Tibet Railway, which will open the southeast sea port for Tibet and further promote the rapid development of Tibet's economy. The completion of Kunming-Dali Railway will lay the foundation for the construction of Yunnan-Tibet Railway.

The increasingly convenient transportation has made Tibet within reach and the mystery is no longer there. When air routes extend in all directions and railways and highways reach zig zag, we can expect that Tibet will get closer and closer to Yunnan without the barrier of natural barrier.

Yunnan is close to Tibet only because the road is difficult to cross. The ancient tea-horse road is the oldest passage connecting Yunnan and Tibet. In the past, it was the only channel for trade between Yunnan and Tibet. The Yunnan-Tibet Highway was built in the 1970s, and the transportation of horses was replaced by cars, but its danger is still prohibitive.

In 1990s, China railway experts put forward four railway schemes for Tibet: sichuan-tibet railway, Yunnan-Tibet Railway, Gansu-Tibet Railway and Qinghai-Tibet Railway. Qinghai-Tibet Railway has the shortest mileage and the least investment among the four railways. With the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, people's enthusiasm for the Yunnan-Tibet Railway is also rising. The Dali-Lijiang Railway currently under construction is a part of the Yunnan-Tibet Railway.

The hope contained in the railway track is the prosperity of manufacturing, tourism, mining, agricultural products and processing industries. Once the Yunnan-Tibet Railway is completed and integrated with the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway and the Kunming Highway, a traffic artery consisting of roads, railways and aviation will appear in the southwest of China for the first time, and it will become the engine to promote the great development of domestic manufacturing industry. Imagine the Yunnan-Tibet Railway

On July 1 day, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was opened to traffic, and for a time, the snowy plateau became the focus of world attention. Yunnan, which is adjacent to it, has been planning to build a steel artery with Tibet for many years and put it on the agenda. Once the Yunnan-Tibet Railway is completed and integrated with the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway and Kunming Highway, a transportation artery consisting of roads, railways and aviation will appear in the southwest of China for the first time, which will further promote the domestic manufacturing industry.

At present, Dali-Lijiang (Jiang) railway in Yunnan-Tibet railway section is under construction, Lijiang-Shangri-La railway is doing preliminary work, and other sections are doing relevant research and analysis.

Dali-Lijiang Railway will extend to Deqin at the junction of Yunnan and Tibet. At the same time, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will extend from Lhasa to Linzhi, and will eventually be connected with the Yunnan-Tibet Railway.

Possibility of Yunnan-Tibet Railway

The evolution of traffic is an inevitable historical process.

At present, Dali-Lijiang (Jiang) railway in Yunnan-Tibet railway section is under construction, Lijiang-Shangri-La railway is doing preliminary work, and other sections are doing relevant research and analysis.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Development and Reform Commission of Yunnan Province, the Medium-and Long-term Railway Network Planning adopted by the State Council in 2004 clearly stated that "the Yunnan-Tibet line from Yunnan will continue to do a good job in geological exploration and technical and economic analysis, and whether it will be built or not will depend on the results of research and demonstration". In the 11th Five-Year Plan of Yunnan Province, there is no mention of how to build the Yunnan-Tibet Railway, but the construction of the Li (Jiang)-Xiang (Gelila) Railway belonging to the Yunnan-Tibet Railway has been included in the plan. The Strategic Study on the 11th Five-Year Plan of Yunnan Province, published at the beginning of this year, mentioned that "geological survey and technical and economic analysis of Yunnan-Tibet railway construction should be done well".

Although geological survey and technical and economic analysis are needed to complete the construction of Yunnan-Tibet railway, both Yunnan and Tibet hope that the above projects can start construction as soon as possible. Xizang Autonomous Region officials recently revealed that after the completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Tibet will start construction of three railways extending along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, namely, Lhasa-Linzhi, Lhasa-Shigatse and Shigatse-Yadong, and strive to complete them within 10. Lhasa-Linzhi Railway is a part of the proposed Yunnan-Tibet Railway. Peng Hao, vice chairman of Xizang Autonomous Region, said at the economic coordination meeting of the six southwestern provinces held last year that during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the construction of the Lhasa-Linzhi and Lhasa-Shigatse railways will start, and the preliminary work of the Yunnan-Tibet railway will also start.

In fact, the Dali-Lijiang Railway, which started in June 5438+February last year, is a section of the planned Yunnan-Tibet Railway. The railway is 167 km long and is expected to be completed and opened to traffic in 2008. According to the plan, it will extend northeast to Shangri-La in the next decade.

The relevant person in charge of the Yunnan Provincial Development and Reform Commission said that Yunnan West Railway Co., Ltd., a joint-stock company jointly established by Yunnan Province and the Ministry of Railways, will also be responsible for extending the railway to Deqin at the junction of Yunnan and Tibet in the future. At the same time, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will extend from Lhasa to Linzhi, and will eventually be connected with the Yunnan-Tibet Railway.

According to expert analysis, for Tibet, the northwest passage to Tibet has been opened. If the Yunnan-Tibet Railway is completed, it will open the southwest passage to Tibet and greatly narrow the distance between Tibet and South China, Central China and East China.

This transportation artery, which is composed of roads, aviation and railways, will take Yunnan as the node and transport it from south to north, forming a logistics dispatching supply chain. It is a modern economic zone supported by industrial chain, and Greater Kunming is the center of this economic zone, which will combine the original supporting industries and chain distribution in Yunnan to form a modern economic engine relatively independent from the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Bohai Rim, or the fourth pillar of China's economic growth.

How important is the Yunnan-Tibet Railway?

The rapid development of traffic roads brings about the reduction of transportation costs, which in turn promotes the great development of the entire manufacturing economy.

In this regard, Cao Heping, Ph.D. in Economics of Yunnan University, gave the reporter an American case: from 1957 to 196 1, American President Eisenhower started the construction of expressway in the United States. Since then, it took the United States 10 years to weave the domestic north-south and east-west expressway into a dense network. Expressway has promoted the rapid development of American manufacturing industry, and at the same time almost eliminated the differences brought by transportation costs to local economic development. After the 1960s, the three major manufacturing industries in the United States-automobiles, chemicals and daily necessities-entered a period of great development, which laid the foundation for the development of computers, high technology and even data networks in the 1970s.

Professor Cao believes that China put forward the planning of "five verticals and eight horizontals" and "eight verticals and eight horizontals" during the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the Tenth Five-Year Plan, which have been basically completed at present, but compared with the density of expressway in the United States, it is still far from enough. In the United States, the average distance between expressway and expressway is about 20 to 30, while in China, the average distance is about 500 to 600 kilometers. If it is doubled to form 16 vertical 16 horizontal, the spacing is about 300 kilometers. If the Yunnan-Tibet Railway is completed, it will be combined with the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the original highway to form a large network. Professor Cao emphasized that this large net is only in the gas production stage, and the density of domestic public railways is far from enough.

But what is certain is that if the Yunnan-Tibet Railway is completed, it will promote the great development of domestic manufacturing industry. For example, southeast Yunnan has more frequent trade with Myanmar, Vietnam and other countries. Comparatively speaking, there is little trade in the north-south direction, and the railway can make the trade between Yunnan and Tibet closer. So as to drive Yunnan to transition from one-way trade to multi-directional trade in the north and south and southeast. If Yunnan-Tibet Railway can be further integrated with Yunnan-Vietnam Railway and Kunming Highway, a transportation artery composed of highway and railway will appear in southwest China for the first time. Coupled with air transportation, the transportation costs in Yunnan and the southeast coast will be reduced.

Professor Cao's prospect: this transportation artery, which is composed of roads, aviation and railways, will take Yunnan as the node and transport from south to north, forming a logistics dispatching supply chain. It is a modern economic zone supported by industrial chain, and Greater Kunming is the center of this economic zone, which will combine the original supporting industries and chain distribution in Yunnan to form a modern economic engine relatively independent from the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Bohai Rim, or the fourth pillar of China's economic growth.

For explorers, it may be a fascinating mystery to find the "ancient tea-horse road" with a historical imprint of 2,000 years on this line. There are two main routes along the ancient tea-horse road. One is Yunnan Pu 'er to Tibet via Dali, Zhongdian and Deqin. The other is from Chengdu manager Tang and Batang to Tibet.

The "dangerous road" beloved by travelers on the Yunnan-Tibet line

Before the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the ancient tea-horse road had already withdrawn from the historical stage and became the image in the documentary and the path of practice for hikers. Thousands of years ago, this ancient road formed by people packing horses into Tibet was the only way for the plateau to contact with the outside world.

The Yunnan-Tibet line has the lowest average elevation among several routes into Tibet. 1974 Yunnan-Tibet Highway, which started in Dali, Yunnan, connects Lijiang, Shangri-La, Deqin and other minority folk customs, and joins the southern line of Sichuan-Tibet Highway at Mangkang, with a total length of 7 14 km.

Compared with the Qinghai-Tibet line with more wasteland and grasslands, the scenery along the Yunnan-Tibet line is more colorful. The Yunnan-Tibet line is ups and downs, sometimes mountains, sometimes canyons, and the vegetation along the Yunnan-Tibet line is also very rich, and the human landscape is also rich and colorful. Yunnan-Tibet Highway is very popular among adventure travelers.

There is no direct coach from Yunnan to Lhasa, but it is very convenient to start from Kunming to Dali, Dali to Shangri-La, and then to Deqin, and transfer to Mangkang, Tibet. The disadvantage is that this line needs to change several times to get there. The whole line passes through Shangri-La Basin and Hengduan Mountains, with the highest elevation of only 4,300 meters. Because the Hengduan Mountains are cut by the Lancang River, Jinsha River and other rivers, the mountains are high and the valleys are deep, and the road gap is large, so it is possible to cross the different climates and scenery of the four seasons in one day.

Yunnan-Tibet Road is the most varied journey. The tourism economy from Dali to Deqin is very mature, with convenient roads and many tourists. There are Bai, Yi, Yi, Tibetan, Naxi and other ethnic groups. As the starting point of the Yunnan-Tibet line in a strict sense, Dali is an important town on the Southern Silk Road, with beautiful scenery such as "Shangguanfeng, Xiaguanhua, Cangshan Snow and Erhai Moon". Lijiang in the north, Naxi culture is well preserved; Shangri-La and Deqin in Yunnan Tibetan areas have also become tourist hotspots because of Shangri-La and Meili Snow Mountain.

The sparsely populated section starts from Deqin. Deqin to Yanjing is about103km, and Yanjing to Mangkang is about11km. People who have crossed the Yunnan-Tibet line for many times will remind that after entering the Lancang River Gorge, the Yunnan-Tibet highway, like the Sichuan-Tibet line, is often prone to mudslides and landslides. Driving from Deqin along the valley, the mountain road is rugged, the road is on a cliff, and the giant sedimentary rocks on the mountain will fall down at any time. In addition, the road is narrow and full of gravel, but the mountain is an abyss, and the salt well is in the middle of the road. After crossing the mountain pass of Hongla Snow Mountain, the highest point of the highway, the mountain gradually becomes gentle. Before arriving in Mangkang, meet with Sichuan-Tibet Highway and head west to Lhasa.

Because this road has little to do with economic and military functions and there is no strong road maintenance, it often breaks down on the road and is blocked for half a month. Travelers usually need enough time and materials to prepare. For explorers, it may be a fascinating mystery to find the "ancient tea-horse road" with a historical imprint of 2,000 years on this line. There are two main routes along the ancient tea-horse road. One is Yunnan Pu 'er to Tibet via Dali, Zhongdian and Deqin. The other is from Chengdu manager Tang and Batang to Tibet.

Professor Mu from the Chinese Department of Yunnan University is one of the names of the ancient tea-horse road. 1September, 988, he and his companions went to Shangri-La, northwest Yunnan, for the first time to make a dialect survey, during which they visited the local people and learned that there was an ancient road leading to Tibet. "A War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression has been to the Indian Maguotou, and led us to Bali Mountain to see the stone road that the caravan had walked. Dozens of inches of horseshoe prints make people feel infinite. Then I saw another historical scene-there were several holes in the huge cliff of Tacheng, which was used to build bridges through iron cables in the Tang Dynasty. More than 1000 years ago, the Tang Dynasty allied forces and Tibetan troops launched a life-and-death battle for this bridge.

Travelers who have been hiking with the caravan for many times suggest that they can go to the canyon for more in-depth and detailed reading after enjoying the first bay of Nujiang River. Even if you enter Meili Snow Mountain from 2 14 National Road and turn to the mountain road, you will go straight to Qamdo, Tibet, or to Chayu in the west. In that case, you may be able to experience the feeling of walking along the ancient tea-horse road with the caravan.

Specific route: Kunming -200km- Chuxiong-180km- Dali -205km- Lijiang-180km- Zhongdian-145km- Deqin-12 1km- salt well. 92km- Ranwu -30km- Midui-130km- Bomi -80km- Tongmai-125km- Linzhi, -74km- Milin-167km- Langxian -72km- Gacha-78km.

Northwest waterway blueprint

Peng Hao, Vice Chairman of Xizang Autonomous Region, revealed at the 2005 Economic Coordination Meeting of Six Southwest Provinces. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, Tibet will start construction of Linzhi-Lhasa-Shigatse Railway, an extension line of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and at the same time start all preparations for the Yunnan-Tibet Railway.

Both Yunnan-Tibet Railway and sichuan-tibet railway belong to the planned southern line of Tibet Railway. Compared with sichuan-tibet railway, Yunnan-Tibet Railway has more advantages. Yunnan-Tibet Railway has low altitude, good climate and rich mineral and tourism resources.

At present, the northwest passage to Tibet is about to open. If the Yunnan-Tibet Railway is completed, it will open the southwest passage to Tibet and greatly narrow the distance between Tibet and South China, Central China and East China.

□ Rear view

Economic prospect of Qinghai-Tibet railway

Experts say that the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will play a decisive role in Tibet's economic growth and provide a reliable guarantee for the sustainable development of Tibet's economy. Liu Kai, an expert from the Institute of Industrial Economics of China Academy of Social Sciences, said that the completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has qualitatively improved the backwardness of Tibet's transportation and provided a reliable guarantee for the sustainable development of Tibet's economy in the future. He believes that the completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will have a great and far-reaching impact on promoting economic exchanges inside and outside Tibet, reducing transportation costs, promoting the sustainable development of tourism, accelerating the development and utilization of regional mineral resources, and narrowing regional differences. It is predicted that in 20 10, the cargo transportation volume in and out of Tibet will reach 2.8 million tons, of which the railway transportation volume will reach 265,438+10,000 tons.

The construction and opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will become a "booster" for Tibet's modernization development. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway closely connects the Tibetan market with the national unified market, greatly reducing the cost of production and living materials in Tibet and directly benefiting the vast number of farmers and herdsmen on the plateau. In particular, Tibet's tourism, Tibetan medicine, mining, processing of agricultural and livestock products, ethnic handicrafts and plateau creatures will enter a good track of sustainable development, form new economic growth points, and develop in conjunction with neighboring provinces and regions such as Qinghai, thus gestating the formation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Economic Belt.

Over the years, the magnificent natural and mysterious cultural landscape of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has attracted more and more domestic and foreign tourists. In 2004, the total number of tourists in Tibet exceeded 654.38 million for the first time. However, at present, tourists mainly fly in and out of Tibet, with limited transportation capacity and high cost, so the tourism industry has the saying that it is easy to go abroad but difficult to enter Tibet. The completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is expected to connect the Northwest Silk Road with the Potala Palace in Tibet and become a new golden tourist hotline. It is predicted that after the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the number of tourists to Tibet will reach 2 million to 3 million every year.

Like tourism, Tibet's plateau-specific industries, such as mining, plateau-specific organisms and green drinks, Tibetan medicine, processing of agricultural and livestock products and ethnic handicrafts, will greatly benefit from the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and a large number of unique plateau products will be exported continuously with the help of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. At present, the government of Xizang Autonomous Region is planning and laying out the rich resources such as tourism, minerals and green agricultural and livestock products in railway areas. A series of characteristic industrial belts, such as Tibet characteristic agriculture and animal husbandry industrial belt, yak industrial belt along Qinghai-Tibet railway and boutique tourism corridor, are under construction.

The Qinghai-Tibet railway was opened across the board, stringing together a number of tourist attractions along the way. The local catering industry and tourism are about to usher in a period of vigorous development. In the past, July, August and September were the golden seasons for tourism in Tibet. All hotels in Lhasa were full at that time. According to incomplete statistics, after the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the average daily passenger flow in Lhasa will increase by 4,000. According to the passenger capacity of a standard room for two people and a three-star hotel of about 150 standard rooms, Lhasa now needs at least 13 more hotels.

Qinghai and Tibet also have great potential in Tibetan medicine, mining, processing of agricultural and livestock products, national handicrafts and plateau creatures. Some experts predict that these industries will become new growth points to support local economic development.

The opening of the Qinghai-Tibet line will also drive the development and construction of towns in the Qinghai-Tibet region. By then, infrastructure including transportation, energy, communication, water supply, gas supply and heating, as well as supporting construction of public facilities such as hospitals, schools, markets and banks will have great investment potential.