The significance of climbing Yueyang Tower

The five-character poem "Climbing the Yueyang Tower" written by the poet Du Fu is known as the "first poem of climbing the building" in ancient and modern times. The poem shows that Du Fu has realized his long-cherished wish of going upstairs to enjoy the beautiful scenery, and at the same time, he is also worried about the mixed feelings of the country and expresses his sorrow that he cannot serve the country.

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Brief introduction of the author

The name "Climbing Yueyang Tower" was written by Du Fu, the author of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Five-character rhythmic poetry comes from Du Fu's Detailed Interpretation of Poetry.

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Climbing Yueyang Tower, I have heard about Dongting Lake for a long time, and now I have finally climbed this building. I can see the endless floating of heaven and earth in the east of Wu and in the south of Chu. But I haven't heard from my relatives or friends. I am old and sick, and I am alone with my boat. To the north of this wall are wars and mountains, and beside this railing, how can I not cry? ⑧.[ 1]

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Note ① Dongting Water: Dongting Lake. In today's northern Hunan, on the south bank of the Yangtze River, it is the second largest freshwater lake in China. ② Yueyang Tower: It is a tourist attraction in Yueyang City, Hunan Province, adjacent to Dongting Lake. (3) Wu Chu: two country names in the Spring and Autumn Period, located in the areas of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Chè: division, which is extended to division here. The vast Wu Chu is separated by Dongting Lake. ⑤ qián kūn The sun and the moon (a "night") float: The sun, the moon, the stars and the earth float on Dongting Lake day and night. Volume 38 of Notes to the Water Classics says, "The lake is more than 500 miles wide, and the sun and the moon haunt it." Gan Kun: It originally refers to heaven and earth. Here refers to the sun and the moon. Not a word: no news. Word: here refers to letters. ⑦ Old illness: Du Fu is 57 years old, suffering from lung disease, wind arthralgia and hearing loss in his right ear. There is a lone boat: it is uncertain that there is only one leaf falling. The poet spent his old age on a boat. This sentence is about Du Fu's life. ⑧ Rong (róng) to the north of Maguan Mountain: The northern border war resumed. At that time, Tubo invaded Ningxia Lingwu and Shaanxi Tai (B, N). The imperial court shook and quickly mobilized troops to resist the enemy. Charger: War. In autumn and winter this year, Tubo once again invaded Longyou and Guanzhong areas. Pet-name ruby by the porch: stand by the window. Tears flow: tears can't help flowing. Tears: Tears flow freely. I have heard of the world-famous Dongting Lake. Today, I was lucky enough to climb the Yueyang Tower by the lake. The huge Great Lakes image separates the southeast of Wu Chu, and the whole sky is reflected on the lake. Friends and relatives who wander the rivers and lakes don't send a letter, and they are only accompanied by a lonely boat when they are old and sick. The war in Guanshan North has not stopped. I looked out of the window and exchanged tears with my family. [2]

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Huang Calligraphy "Climbing Yueyang Tower"

In 768 AD (the third year of Tang Daizong's Dali period), Du Fu left Kuizhou for the Three Gorges, stayed on a boat under Yueyang Gate in the late winter and the twelfth lunar month, climbed the building and looked at it, touching the scene and writing this poem. The first link is intertwined with reality, and the comparison between the past and the present expands the field of time and space. I have long heard that Dongting is famous, and it was not until the curtain year that I realized my wish to see a famous lake. On the surface, climbing Yueyang Tower for the first time was quite enjoyable. In fact, my original intention was to express my unfulfilled ambition in my early days. In the final analysis, it is to describe the brewing atmosphere of Dongting Lake. Zhuan Xu is a vast Dongting. Dongting Lake is the Wu Chu, floating day and night, the waves lift the sky, endless, I really don't know how many clouds the old man swallowed in his chest! This is a quatrain about Dongting Lake, which was praised by Wang Shizhen as "a hero spanning the present". The scenery is so magnificent that it is dizzying. The neck couplet is about the feeling that political life is bumpy, wandering around the world and powerless. "But no news of relatives or friends reached me" didn't get any help in spirit and material aspects; Since Kuizhou took his wife and children out of the gorge by boat in the first month of the third year of Dali, he roamed Hunan, taking the boat as his home, and the future was boundless, where to settle down. Facing Wang Yang in Dongting Lake, his sense of loneliness and crisis has increased. Self-narration is so lonely that it contains infinite affection in the sudden change and contrast of the extremely stuffy poetic realm. At the end of the couplet, I wrote the sadness of seeing the country in turmoil and not being able to serve the country. There is a blank between the upper and lower sentences, which is memorable. The "past" beginning with "I have heard of Dongting Lake for a long time" can certainly cover the poet's activities in Chang 'an area for more than ten years. And this, in space, can be compared with "Guanshanbei". You Xuan and Today echoed from beginning to end. First couplet narrative, parallel couplet description, neck couplet lyric, tail couplet summary. The whole poem is "Climbing Yueyang Tower", but it is not limited to "Yueyang Tower" and "Dongting Water". The poet abandons the exquisite description of the scenery in front of him, and focuses on writing from the big picture, calling for heaven and grabbing land, worrying about the country and the people, tragic and desolate, which makes people cry. Looking back in time, it covers Wu Chu and Yueguan Mountain in space. The worries of the world and the country are vast and boundless, and they are integrated with the water potential in Dongting, forming a profound artistic conception. This poem is the masterpiece of the five laws in Du Fu's poems, and it was called the first of the five laws in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. On the whole, the grandeur of mountains and rivers and the breadth of the poet's mind are both inside and outside the poem. Although sad, but not depressed; Although depressed, but not depressed. In the Song Dynasty, Hu Zai's Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua quoted Cai Taiwa's Xiqing Poetry as saying: "Dongting is a grand view, and there are many people who wrote it in the past dynasties ... However, if Meng Haoran's" a cloud rises from a dream valley and has been besieging Yueyang City "is not true, the Dongting is vast and the weather is magnificent, just like in front of him. It is impossible to read Du Zimei's poems. There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and you can see the endless drifting of heaven and earth.' Shaoling has swallowed many clouds and dreams in his chest. "The whole poem is pure fu, and it is a narrative style from beginning to end. In the past, some scholars thought that poetry used fu method, which had no image and poetic flavor. In fact, Fu is an important way to visualize poetry, which is characterized by not paying attention to the language of poetry and the visualization of local things, but paying attention to creating the overall artistic conception of poetry. " "The Story of Climbing Yueyang Tower" is a model of shaping artistic image by using fu method. The artistic realm it has reached has made people feel that there is no artistic method or even language, but the poet's thoughts and feelings directly hit the soul. [2]

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The first couplet "Dongting Dongjiang River is in the west, the curtain does not move, and the sunset is late". The images of "East" and "West" vividly illustrate the geographical location of Yueyang Tower. "The curtain doesn't move, the sunset glow" from near to far, from "the curtain keeps" to "the sunset glow", depicts a quiet and desolate picture of the sunset glow entering the mountain. In the face of such scenery, "rely on" between mountains and rivers. On the banks of such a beautiful Yueyang Tower, poets simply can't appreciate mountains and rivers. Only the word "dependence" can show the poet's full of sadness to the fullest. The necklace is from Du Fu's "I came from three thousand miles away". Sad autumn, my hundred years of sorrow, I climbed this height alone. "Out of thin air, but not mechanical. "Wan Li" and "Three Years" illustrate the long journey and specific time of the poet's escape, and appropriately show the end of his wandering career. "Wind and frost" refers to the thick autumn colors, which set off his "bald head" and hinted at the severe political situation at that time. "Old and pale" refers not only to the real scene in front of us, but also to the author's haggard, sad and weather-beaten self. The same is true of "bad luck has laid a bitter frost on my temples". The same country is ruined, and the end of the world is reduced. At this time, Du Fu became the poet's confidant in trouble. Therefore, there is naturally a generous style in Du Fu's poems. This is a seven-character poem, the first of two poems about Yueyang Tower, and the opening work of the poet's writing about Yueyang Tower, so it is carefully crafted and serious. The first part describes the geographical location of Yueyang Tower, which is grandly launched from a macro perspective with Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River as the background. In a seven-character poem, the poet skillfully uses the two directional words "East" and "West" and connects them with lakes and rivers, which shows the location of Yueyang Tower. Then write what you see when you look up, "The curtain is still and the sunset is late." This sentence is a colorful stroke of the whole poem, which seems ordinary, but in fact it is delicate. "Curtain Scene" is a close shot, "Sunset" is a long shot, and the close shot and the long shot are combined into one. As you can imagine, the poet's line of sight scanned from near to far, gradually released and merged into the boundless twilight. The static curtain shows that the lake is calm; The sunset reminds us of the tranquility of the night. How can such poetic imagery not arouse the poet's rich reverie? The couplets in the poem are produced from the static and soothing description of the scenery and transformed into strong lyricism. Like variations of music, these two poems seem to repeat the above themes, but their styles are quite different. "Landing with Wu Chu and sharing the land equally" is also about the geographical location of landing, but it adds a heavy sense of history; "By the lake and the mountain, I want to see the scenery at dusk", but I feel a little disappointed. This gradual change is a contrast, a transition, and a description of the integration of things and me. Here, the subject image of the poet appears in the poem inadvertently and naturally. He is thinking, wandering, blending into the scene and expressing his feelings through the scene. After gaining momentum ahead, the poem's neck couplet finally issued the loudest and strongest cry in a way close to direct call: "Wan Li is still looking forward to a long journey, and it is more difficult to rely on risks for more than three years." These two poems express the resentment in the heart of the minister. The antithesis of "Wan Li" and "Three Years" tells their stories from the span of space and time respectively, and has received the artistic effect of double superposition, which makes people feel deeply. The poet's "visit from Wan Li" is just an elegant expression of Wan Li's escape, but what can it do? The anguish in my heart had to be dissolved in the "vision". "More than three years is difficult" has been overwhelming, but the mountains here still have to climb. How can people stand it? At this point, poetry has been full of twists and turns, pushing feelings to the extreme. In the last couplet of the poem, Gu Ying felt sorry for himself and ended the whole article with infinite sadness. At this time, the poet has reached the age of forty and has reached the age of no doubt, so he said "hoary head"; Not to mention hurting today, but "hanging over the past" is implicit and meaningful; "Wind and frost" refers to natural things, which is a metaphor for social reality. And "Old Mu Cangbo" is the coat that wraps the poet's image. Full of sadness and hatred, it can be said that "one scene is difficult to write." For example, at present, it contains endless meanings, which can be seen outside the words "(Ouyang Xiu's poem of June 1 day, quoted from Mei).

Du du fu fu Xiang

[3] (7 12 ~ 770), since the number Shaoling Yelao, people. Born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province). When Tian Baozhong arrived in Chang 'an, he could not join the army. After ten years of hardships, Cao Youwei led the government to join the army. At the beginning of An Shi Rebellion, he was exiled and captured by the rebels. After escaping from danger, the official was granted a left post. He abandoned his official post and went to the west to settle in Chengdu. He was a foreign minister of the Ministry of Industry in Jiannan (our time). Therefore, he is also known as Du Shiyi, Du Gongbu and Du Shaoling. In his later years, his family moved eastward, stayed in Kuizhou for two years, left the Three Gorges, moved to Hubei and Hunan, and died of poverty and illness. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, and his poems were mostly about social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings, which was called "the history of poetry". He cares about the country and the people, has a noble personality and exquisite poetic skills, and is known as the "poet saint". He is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of poetry art. He also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in melody, antithesis, diction and sentence making, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage. Du Fu is the greatest realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and he is also called "Da Du Li" with Li Bai. There are more than 400 poems/kloc-0, and The Collection of Du Gongbu has been handed down from generation to generation. [4]