Who is the layman on June 1st?

Ouyang Xiu (1007- 1072), whose real name is Yongshu, is a drunkard, and Liu Yiju. Jizhou, a native of Yongfeng County, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province, was an outstanding writer, historian and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty. Because Jizhou originally belonged to Luling County, it called itself "Ouyang Xiu of Luling". Posthumous title Wenzhong, a bachelor of Hanlin, a deputy envoy of the Council and a political adviser, is called Ouyang Wenzhong. Later generations also called him "the four great writers of the ages" with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Su Shi. Together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong, they are called "the Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties".

Ouyang Xiu was the first literary leader to create a generation of literary style in the literary history of the Song Dynasty. He led the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty, and inherited and developed Han Yu's ancient prose theory. His high achievements in prose creation and his correct theory of ancient prose complement each other, thus creating a generation of writing style. Ouyang Xiu not only changed the style of writing, but also innovated the style of poetry. In historiography, he co-edited The Book of the New Tang Dynasty with Song Qi and taught himself The History of the New Five Dynasties, which made great achievements.

Layman refers to the old monk's general name for people who believe in Buddhism at home; Also refers to the hermit who lived in seclusion or was not an official in ancient times; At the same time, this term is still a self-proclaimed scholar, such as Li Bai calling himself a violet layman, Su Shi calling himself a Dongpo layman, Yuan (namely Chen Zhongyuan) calling himself a medicine fool layman, and so on.

Vulgar: Sanskrit Grha-pati, which means parents, heads of households, elders, or people with property or' families'. Initially, it refers to the third commercial working class in India, Vishya Vaisya, a rich person or a respected and virtuous person. However, in today's Buddhist society in China, all Buddhists who believe in Buddhism at home have been generally called laymen.

The word "lay man" is not exclusive to Buddhism. In China's Book of Rites, there is a saying called "laity golden belt", which refers to Taoist artist Chu Shi. In real life, the title contains the meanings of hermit, master, mountain man and strange man.

In India, laity is not created by Buddhism. Sanskrit calls laity "Jia". Whether you believe in Buddhism or not, anyone who stays at home can be called a layman.

The origin of Buddhist honorifics for believers at home may come from the Vimalakīrti Sutra. Vimalakīrti has four honorifics: Convenient products are called elders, Manjusri products are called master laymen, and Bodhisattva products are called laymen. According to the explanations of masters such as Luo Shi, Wise Man and Xuanzang, Vimalakīrti is a lifelong practicing Bodhisattva in the Oriental Aryan Buddhist country, incarnating all beings at home. Therefore, using the word "lay man" to call a Buddhist at home also means being respected as a great bodhisattva.

It can be seen that a veritable layman should be a Mahayana bodhisattva, or a veritable master and hermit.

However, in Long Agama, only the third of the four classes is called laity, and the minister who mainly occupies (goods) by the wheel king is called laity's treasure, so laity is equivalent to businessman, manager or industrialist.

In China, the word "lay man" originated from the jade algae in the Book of Rites. In Han Feizi's book, it also refers to laymen such as Ren Ti and Shihua, all of whom refer to those who are quite capable and do not seek official positions. Later, China and Japan did not follow the original intention of Confucian classics, but generally called Taoist scholars laity, such as the first cold Confucian classics, the seventh volume of The Goblet of Fire, and the third volume of Zuting.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Buddhism prevailed in China, and Taoist priests also claimed to be laymen, which had a great influence on middle and upper-class intellectuals, so many people took the name of "laymen". For example, Li Bai, who believes in Taoism, is a "violet layman"; Bai Juyi calls himself "Xiangshan laity"; Su Shi was named "Dongpo layman" and Fan Chengda was named "Shihu layman"; Li Qingzhao named herself "Yi 'an Jushi".

Outsiders of past dynasties

Tang and song dynasties

Li Bai (a great poet in Tang Dynasty), a violet layman.

Bai Juyi, a Buddhist in Xiangshan (a great poet in Tang Dynasty)

Si Kongtu (a poet in Tang Dynasty) is an insulting layman.

Floating Ming, vulgar (respected by Liang Shanhui in the Northern and Southern Dynasties)

Li Yu, a laity in Lotus Peak

Chen Nian, a Buddhist in Longqiu (a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty)

Endless lay man-Zhang Shangying (Northern Song Dynasty star)

Gu Xi laity-Li Zhiyi (Northern Song Dynasty writer)

Huang Tingjian, a layman in the valley (a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty)

Intermediate laity-Wang Anshi (Northern Song Dynasty writer)

Fan Zhongyan, a layman —— Fan Zhongyan (political commentator in Northern Song Dynasty)

Xie Chuan laity Su Guo (Northern Song Dynasty writer)

Cuiwei Jushi-Xue (calligrapher of Northern Song Dynasty)

A Buddhist-Xia Zheng (Northern Song Dynasty writer)

Lumen laity-Mi Fei (calligrapher of Northern Song Dynasty)

Ye Wei, a Buddhist in Caotang (a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty)

Ouyang Xiu, laity June 1st (Northern Song Dynasty)

Dongpo layman-Su Shi (Northern Song Dynasty writer)

Huaihai lay man-Qin Guan (poet of Northern Song Dynasty)

Chen Shidao, an official and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. )

Zhou Bangyan, a Muslim laity (a famous poet in Northern Song Dynasty)

Yao Zeng (late Northern Song Dynasty and early Southern Song Dynasty)

Jia Xuan lay man-Xin Qiji (poet of Southern Song Dynasty)

Tao Hongjing, a layman in Huayang (Southern Song Dynasty thinker, physician, alchemist and Taoist)

Zhao, a layman (Southern Song Dynasty painter)

The laity in Jian Zhai —— Chen, a poet in Southern Song Dynasty

Luchuan laity-Zhang (poet of Southern Song Dynasty)

Ye Mengde, a Buddhist in Shilin (poet of Southern Song Dynasty)

Houcun Jushi Liu Kezhuang (Southern Song Dynasty writer)

Wang Yinglin (a scholar in Southern Song Dynasty) is a deep and peaceful layman.

Li Qingzhao, Yi Anju (poetess of Southern Song Dynasty)

Chashan layman-Once upon a time (poet of Southern Song Dynasty)

Luchuan laity-Zhang (poet of Southern Song Dynasty)

Layman Gardener —— Ji Gonggong (Southern Song Dynasty writer)

Shihu lay man-Fan Chengda (poet of Southern Song Dynasty)

You Mao (poet of Southern Song Dynasty) was a layman at first.

Zhang Xiaoxiang, a layman in Yuhu Lake (poet of Southern Song Dynasty)

Zhu, a recluse poet (female poet of Southern Song Dynasty)

Wang Yinglin (a scholar in Southern Song Dynasty) is a deep and peaceful layman.

Yuan Ming Qing dynasty

Liu Ying, a layman (Jin Wenren)

Ni Zan, a Buddhist in Yunlin (painter of Yuan Dynasty)

Zhan Ran lay man-Lu Ye Chucai (Yuan statesman and poet)

Lu (calligrapher of Yuan Dynasty) was a layman in Huanhu.

A simple and honest layman-Jue Yuan (a famous writer in Yuan Dynasty)

Hengshan Jushi Wen Zhiming (painter and writer in Ming Dynasty)

Sage —— Painter Ding of Ming Dynasty

Meicun Jushi —— Wu Ye Wei (poet of Ming Dynasty)

Xu Wei, an Ivy League layman (a writer and artist in the late Ming Dynasty)

A lay man-Yuan Hongdao (writer of Ming Dynasty)

Li Panlong, a layman in Cang Ming Dynasty (a writer in Ming Dynasty)

Xiangguang laity-Dong Qichang (calligrapher of Ming Dynasty)

Six Monks-Tang Yin (painter and writer in Ming Dynasty)

Wang, a Buddhist who guards rocks (Ming essayist)

Li Zhi was a layman in Wenling (a writer in Ming Dynasty).

Lianxi lay man-Xuelun Road (Ming Sanqu)

Treat the layman cautiously-Li (Ming Dynasty writer and painter)

Zhang Dai, a Buddhist in Diean (writer in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty)

Meixi laity-Qian Yong (writer of Ming and Qing Dynasties)

Liu Quan lay man-Pu Songling (writer in Qing Dynasty)

Shinoka Jushi Zhenlin (a writer in Qing Dynasty)

Hong (a writer and scholar in Qing Dynasty)

Famous Mountain and Vulgar —— Zhao Ziyong (writer in Qing Dynasty)

Song Wan lay man-Qian Zai (poet and painter in Qing Dynasty)

Banqiao laity-Zheng Banqiao (painter and writer in Qing Dynasty)

Cao Xueqin, a Buddhist in the Western Qin Dynasty (a writer in the Qing Dynasty)

Yuan Mei, a layman in the Garden (writer of Qing Dynasty)

Yong Zhengdi, a vulgar person, a bright layman.

Shinoka Jushi Zhenlin (a writer in Qing Dynasty)

Tian Ping layman-Zhang Zhao (calligrapher of Qing Dynasty)

Hong (a writer and scholar in Qing Dynasty)

The layman among reeds guards the people (painter in Qing Dynasty)

Qiao Shan's layman and Guan Bai's layman-Zhang Ying (painter in Qing Dynasty)

Wu Xizai (seal engraver in Qing Dynasty)

Weng Tonghe, a peaceful Buddhist (a scholar of Xianfeng for six years, an influential politician in modern history)

Yang, a Buddhist in the late Qing Dynasty, was a Buddhist in Renshan.

Zhang Zhidong (one of the representatives of Westernization School in Qing Dynasty)

Modern Times

Taiyan Jushi-Zhang (Master of Chinese Studies)

Qu Yuan's layman-Yu Yue (master of Chinese studies)

Huang Kan (Master of Chinese Studies)

Pengshan laity-Bao Deshuai (cultural scholar)

9 1 year-old laity Wang Jiahong (a contemporary cutting-edge poet)