The image, artistic conception and technique of the word "Bodhisattva Man". Everyone says Jiangnan is good. "

Don't be melancholy in the red chamber night, and the incense lamp covers the tassel account. When the waning moon goes out, beauty says goodbye to tears. Jin, a pipa player, plays oriole on the strings. Advise me to go home early, the green window is like a flower.

This word is about the feeling of parting. What a charming background "the red chamber is sad at night, and the incense lamp half covers the tassel account", "the red chamber", "the incense lamp" and "the tassel account". I have said things in the past, such as "I am lazy to paint a moth eyebrow and wash it in makeup at night" and "I fall into a bun and brush my eyebrows with silk", saying that they have entrusted a very deep and gentle love for beauty. What we should pay attention to is this spirit, not the appearance, and it is not just "painting moths' eyebrows" and "seriously brushing eyebrows" that represent this spiritual realm. Wang Guowei once said that "the elegance of Zheng is invisible", "elegance" is pure, and "Zheng" is opposite to "elegance". Because Zheng Feng in The Book of Songs wrote more about the love between men and women, some people said that "Zheng Feng is immoral", which is of course not entirely correct. Wang Guowei's so-called "elegance of ci" means that the artistic conception of ci lies in its spiritual realm, not in the love between men and women written on its appearance. The first two sentences of this word seem to be about boudoir affairs, which seems to be quite fragrant. Imagine how charming it would be if it weren't for the tassels of the red chamber incense lamps. But behind the "red chamber" here is "staying at night", and there is a word "semi-hidden" between "incense lamp" and "tassel account". When resting and sleeping at ordinary times, the incense lamp can be put out, the tassel curtain can be put down, and the incense lamp is always on and the curtain is covered, which means that tonight is the night of parting. There are many contradictions and contrasts between these two simple narratives, so they are "disappointed" because they can't get together to sleep in the red room with fragrant lamps and tassels, but their hearts are full of parting sadness. After reading this, I still don't understand why he is a good word. Now he writes A Farewell to the Red Chamber, which is worth cherishing and cherishing. Only after reading the fifth song "I hate oblique light, but I don't know what Jun Jun remembers" can I really understand its meaning. The Analects of Confucius said: "If you can speak without words, you will lose people;" You can't talk to it in words. It's called a slip of the tongue. A wise man never loses people or words. " Poetry appreciation should also be done without losing face and words. For the author of poetry, if he has profound meaning and you ignore it, then you are sorry for him. If his works have no profound meaning, it is your fault to impose them on him. Especially subtle and euphemistic works, don't lose people or words. There are two explanations for the "waning moon", one is the lack of the moon, and the other is the sinking of the moon. There is a saying in Huajianji that "the face of the waning moon is bright, so don't cry." Only the setting moon will be flush with people's faces. Wen Feiqing's poem "The cock crows in Maodian and the frost on the bridge is cold and cheerless" also points out that dawn is the time for pedestrians to hit the road. From the incense lamp on another night to the waning moon in the morning, it reveals the author's sensitivity to the passage of time before parting. There are three possible syntactic interpretations of the sentence "when the waning moon goes out" and "beauty and tears" when I want to say goodbye to the woman I love. The first explanation is that the beauty said goodbye to me with tears, the second explanation is that I said goodbye to the beauty with tears, and the third explanation is that both the beauty and I said goodbye with tears. These three explanations can coexist. In the past, China's interpretation of poetry had to be limited to one interpretation, but the western new literary criticism acknowledged the polysemy of poetry. William Empson in Britain wrote a book called Seven Ambiguities, which was introduced by Mr. Zhu Ziqing and named as Seven Ambiguities. This book introduces seven forms that can cause ambiguity in poetry, and all the examples cited by William Empson are English poetry. The phrase "beauty and tears" can have many meanings. The following "pipa is a golden jade, the string is in the oriole", and some versions of "jade" are called "jade". The key to Bodhisattva is to rhyme every two sentences. The word "Yu" and "Yu" in "Pipa is a golden jade, and the string is an oriole dialect" should rhyme, but "Jin Yu" doesn't rhyme, so it shouldn't be "Jin Yu" here, which is a very simple identification method. "Gold" is an ornament on the plucked part of the pipa, a feather of the bluebird, and a delicate and precious pipa. "On-string oriole" refers to the sound that pops up on the strings of the pipa, just like the euphemistic warbler sound. Yan (Hill) said: "I remember Xiaoping's first sight. Her two focuses were on Luo Yi, and the pipa string said that she was homesick." It can be seen that pipa can convey deep and euphemistic feelings inside. What Wei Zhuang wants to write is not only the fact that the beauty plays the lute when she leaves, but also the lovesickness conveyed on the strings of the lute. "On-string oriole dialect" means that the melodious sound played by pipa is a affectionate reminder. What are they talking about? It is the following sentence: "advise me to go home early". Why should I go home early? This is a very good reason. Because "people with green windows are like flowers", there are beautiful women waiting at home. Can't you go home early? ! The life of a flower is short, and the beauty of a woman is hard to last. If you still want to see someone as beautiful as flowers and pure as jade, come back early. If it is late, even if you come back, that person is still there, just not as beautiful as a flower. Wang Guowei wrote two sentences: "I read all the hardships of leaving the world, but I lost my life but didn't come back." I have experienced the pain of leaving this world, but I didn't expect the flowers to be scattered after I came back. To sum up, this word is all about feelings of parting and cherishing. When we talk about the fifth word later, we will have a deeper understanding of this emotion conveyed by this first word. Then let's talk about the second song:

The second song

Everyone says that Jiangnan is good, and tourists should stay in Jiangnan until they are old. The spring water is greener than the sky, and tourists can sleep on the boat listening to the rain. The women selling wine in Jiangnan restaurant are all very beautiful, and their arms exposed when selling wine are as white as snow. Don't go home when the light is not fading. It must be extremely sad to go home.

"Everyone says Jiangnan is good" corresponds to the third poem "Now I think of Jiangnan music". Note here that he wrote "Everyone says", which means that he never thinks Jiangnan is good, but everyone says Jiangnan is good. The following "tourists just want to live in Jiangnan" is also the persuasion of others. People who travel far away should die in Jiangnan. At that time, RoyceWong's Ode to the Building once said: "Although I believe in beauty and don't believe in my scholar, how can I stay less?" Jiangshan believes in beauty, not native land, and does not want to stay long. There is an old saying in China: "Beauty is not beautiful, hometown is water, and relatives are not close." The word Wei Zhuang, however, seems straightforward, straightforward and euphemistic, which contains feelings of missing and returning home. "Only combination", combination, should also, who dares to tell Wei Zhuang so boldly that you should stay in Jiangnan to die, and you are a tourist in Jiangnan, but you are advised to die in Jiangnan. It must be that you can't go back to your hometown, so you dare to persuade you to die in Jiangnan. Because Wei Zhuang went to the south of the Yangtze River during the war in the Central Plains, the Central Plains at that time, as he described in "Songs of Fu Qin", was "the inner library burned into splendid ashes, and the sky street trampled on the bones of the masses". In this case, Jiangnan people dared to persuade him to stay. The characteristics of Wei Zhuang's ci poetry are "straightforward, vivid and melancholy", which are fully reflected in the words that are straightforward on the surface and tortuous in the heart. The following is a beautiful description of Jiangnan, saying that Jiangnan is really good. "Spring water is brighter than the sky" is the beauty of Jiangnan scenery, and the green water in Jiangnan is more beautiful than the blue sky. "The painting boat listens to the rain and sleeps" is the beauty of life in Jiangnan. Lying on the boat listening to the drizzle, this life is so leisurely compared with the war in the Central Plains. What's more, Jiangnan is not only beautiful in scenery and life, but also beautiful in Jiangnan people. "People are like the moon on the side and frost and snow on the wrist" is the place where the hotel puts wine vessels. Biography of Historical Records and Sima Xiangru said, "Buy! The woman selling wine in Jiangnan wine shop is radiant, and when selling wine, she rolls up her sleeves and shows her wrists as white as frost. These layers describe the beauty of scenery, life and people. We should not only look at superficial events with vulgar eyes, but also look deeper. There are many twists and turns in his following words "Go home before you get old". The Buddhist scripture says "If nothing happens, there will be something" and "You can't go home", but it is precisely because of the idea of going home that he didn't use the word "no" and used the word "mo" for three times in a row, revealing a profound and painful sense of helplessness. The word "Mo" in Wei Zhuang's ci also shows a very deep and painful feeling. It is to remind you that you want to return to China, and it is difficult to return to China now. " Returning home "means a layer of meaning. People who" return home "will miss their homeland, especially when they are old. Wei Zhuang's ci seems deep and melancholy, with five words and three meanings. On the surface, they are broad-minded, saying that I am not old, so I don't want to go back to my hometown, but among them, it is a lingering repression of my hometown. Later, he said, "You will be heartbroken when you go back to your hometown", which is why others dare to tell you that "wanderers are only old in the south of the Yangtze River", because you will be heartbroken only when you return to your hometown full of war and bonfire. At this point, if we look back, "Everyone says that Jiangnan is good, and wanderers only associate Jiangnan with the old", we will understand why Chen Tingzhuo praised Wei Zhuang's words as "straight and elegant, vivid and melancholy".

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